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Balakrishnan, Premagowri
- Menopausal Syndrome - an Overview
Authors
1 Research scholar, Department of Food and Nutrition, PSG CAS, Coimbatore, IN
2 Assistant Professor, Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, PSG CAS, Coimbatore, IN
Source
FoodSci: Indian Journal of Research in Food Science and Nutrition, Vol 8, No 1 (2021), Pagination: 25-30Abstract
Menopause is the natural cessation of a woman’s menstrual cycle, and marks the end of fertility. Most women experience menopause by the average age of 52, but pelvic or ovarian damage may cause sudden menopause earlier in life. Genetics or any disease conditions may also lead to early onset of menopause. Perimenopause and post menopause are the two different stages of menopause. The beginning of irregular menses to the first 12 months of amenorrhea is perimenopause and the period after menopause is post menopause. Women experience various physiological and psychological changes during their menopausal period which will affect their quality of life and health. The main objective of this review was to assess the literature concerning the various postmenopausal symptoms and prevalence. In many research they reported that the most common symptoms in menopausal women are somatic symptoms such as hot flushes, heart discomfort, sleep problem, muscle and joint pain. The psychological symptoms like depression, anxiety, irritability, physical and mental exhaustion, sexual problem, bladder problem and dryness of vagina are the urogenital symptoms. The menopause in women is stressful and produces many changes in vital parameters. The low intakes of dietary iron and calcium are common in menopausal women. As a conclusion of this study proper diet, improved life style, self-care, medical support and awareness program can help to reduce the postmenopausal symptoms and increase their quality of life.
Keywords
Post-Menopausal Women, Prevalence, Quality of Life, SymptomsReferences
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- An Exclusive Review on Menstrual Problems
Authors
1 Research Scholar, Food and Nutrition, PSG CAS, Coimbatore – 641014, Tamil Nadu, IN
2 Assistant Professor, Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, PSG CAS, Coimbatore – 641014, Tamil Nadu, IN
Source
FoodSci: Indian Journal of Research in Food Science and Nutrition, Vol 9, No 1 (2022), Pagination: 35-41Abstract
Menstrual cycle is a multifarious process controlled by numerous glands and the hormones produced in our body. The hypothalamus in brain makes the pituitary gland to produce certain chemicals to prompt the ovaries to produce the oestrogen and progesterone sex hormones. The menstrual cycle is a technique of bio feedback mechanism, which means the activity of each structure and gland is affected by other gland’s functions. The average span of the menstrual cycle is 28–29 days, which can differ between women themselves from one cycle to the next cycle. Adolescent girls get their menarche between 11 to 14 years of age. The main objective of this review is to assess the literature concerning the various perimenstrual and menstrual problems and its prevalence. Most common symptoms associated with menstruation in adolescents and women are dysmenorrhoea, irregular periods like primary ovarian insufficiency, pelvic inflammatory disorder, heavy menstrual bleeding, uterine fibroids, uterine polyps, Abnormal Uterine Bleeding (AUB), amenorrhea, oligomenorrhoea, polymenorrhoea, hypomenorrhoea, and menstrual migraine. The predicted causes for menstrual problems in both adolescent girls and women are modified lifestyle, improper dietary intake, lack of physical exercise or activity in daily life which may lead to many hormonal imbalances in body. Conclusion of this review revealed that changes in dietary patterns, improved lifestyle with beneficial exercises, maintaining hygiene during menstruation and imparting health and education can help reduce the menstrual problems and improve the quality of life.
Keywords
Menstruation, Nutrition Education, Perimenstrual SymptomsReferences
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