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Tripathy, Smritiratan
- Prevalence of Goitre among Muslim School Children in Domkol Sub-division of Murshidabad District, West Bengal
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1 Department of Physiology, Berhampore Girls’ College, P.O. Berhampore, Dist., Murshidabad, West Bengal – 742 101, IN
1 Department of Physiology, Berhampore Girls’ College, P.O. Berhampore, Dist., Murshidabad, West Bengal – 742 101, IN
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The Indian Journal of Nutrition and Dietetics, Vol 50, No 4 (2013), Pagination: 162-167Abstract
Iodine is an essential micronutrient required for structural development and optimal functional activity of the thyroid gland and central nervous system. Iodine deficiency has been shown to be associated with endemic cretinism, endemic goitre and subcretinous mental subnormalities. Iodine Deficiency Disorders (IDD) refers to a complex clinical and subclinical disorders caused due to the lack of adequate dietary intake. Globally, 2.2 bilion people live in areas with iodine deficiency and risk its complications, while in India, 167 million people are at risk of IDD, 54.4 million people have goitre and 8.8 million people have IDD related mental/motor handicaps.References
- WHO/ UNICEF/ ICCIDD. Assessment of the Iodine Deficiency Disorders and Monitoring their Eliminations. Geneva: WHO Publ, WHO/NHD/01.1.1-107, 2001.
- Director General of Health Services (DGHS). Policy guidelines on national iodine deficiency disorders control programme, New Delhi: DGHS, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Government of India, 2003, 1-10.
- Kochupillai, N. Neonatal hypothyroidism in India. Mount Sinai J.Medice, 1992, 59,111-115.
- Pandav, C.S., Malik, A., Anand, K., Pandav, S. and Karmarkar, M.G. Prevalence of iodine deficiency disorders among school children of the national capital territory of Delhi. ICCIDD, Regional Office of South Asia and Pacific, New Delhi, 1996.
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- Chandra, A.K., Tripathy, S., Lahari, D. and Mukhopadhyay, S. Iodine nutritional status of the school children in a rural area of Howrah District in the Gangetic West Bengal. Ind. J. Physiol. Pharmacol., 2004, 48, 219-224.
- Chandra, A.K., Tripathy, S., Ghosh, D., Debnath, A. and Mukhopadhyay, S. Iodine nutritional status and prevalence of goitre in Sundarban delta of South 24- Parganas, West Bengal, Ind. J. Med. Res,. 2005, 122 , 419-424.
- Chandra, A.K., Tripathy, S., Ghosh, D., Debnath, A. and Mukhopadhyay, S. Goitre prevalence and state of iodine nutrition in Sundarban delta of North 24- Parganas in West Bengal, Asia Pac.J. Clin. Nutr,. 2006, 15, 357-361.
- Chandra, A.K., Debnath, A. and Tripathy, S. Iodine nutritional status among school children in selected areas of Howrah district in West Bengal, India. J. Trop. Pediatr., 2008, 54, 54-57.
- Biswas, A.B., Chakraborty, I., Das, D.K., Biswas, S., Nandy, S. and Mitra, J. Iodine deficiency disorders among school children of Malda, West Bengal, India. J. Health Popul. Nutr., 2002, 20, 180-183.
- Biswas, A.B., Chakraborty, I., Das, D.K., Roy, R.N., Mukhopadhyay, S. and Chatterjee, S. Iodine deficiency disorders among school children of Birbhum, West Bengal. Curr. Sci,. 2004, 87, 78-80.
- Das, D.K., Chakraborty, I., Biswas, A.B., Sarkar, G.N., Srivastava, P. and Sen, S. Iodine deficiency disorders among school children of Dakshin Dinajpur District, West Bengal. Ind. J. Pub. Health, 2005, 49, 68-72.
- Biswas, A.B., Chakraborty, I., Das, D.K., Roy, R.N., Ray, S. and Kunti, S.K. Assessment of iodine deficiency disorders in Purulia district, West Bengal, India. J. Trop. Pediatr., 2006, 52, 288-292.
- Cochran, W.G. Sampling Technique, 3rd ed. Wiley Eastern Limited, Calcutta; 1977.
- WHO/UNICEF/ICCIDD. Indicators for assessing Iodine Deficiency Disorders and their control through salt iodization. WHO/NUT/94.6; 1994.
- WHO/UNICEF/ICCIDD. Indicators for tracking progress in IDD elimination. IDD Newsletter 1994, 10, 37-41.
- Titration Methods for Salt Iodine Analysis. In: Sullivan, K.M., Houstan, E., Gorestein, J. and Cervinskas, J. Editors. Monitoring Universal Salt Iodization Programme. UNICEF/ICCIDD/PAMM/ WHO; 1999, 5, 11.
- Gaitan, E. and Dunn, J.T. Epidemiology of iodine deficiency. Trends Endocrinol. Metab., 1992, 3, 170-175.
- Dudani, T.G. and Natu, M.N. Epidemiology of endemic goitre in Ghodegaon. Ind. J. Med. Res., 1978, 68, 980-989.
- Glinoer, D. and Leome, M. Goitre and pregnancy: A new insight into an old problem. Thyroid., 1996, 2, 65-69.
- Gershengorn, M.C., Marcus-Samuels, B.E. and Geras, F. Estrogens increase the number of thyrotropin releasing hormone receptors on mammotropic cells in culture. Endocrinol., 1979, 105, 171.
- NFHS (National Family Health Survey – 2, 1998-1999). Government of India, 2000.
- Chandra, A.K., Tripathy, S., Mukhopadhyay, S. and Lahari, D. Studies on endemic goitre and associated iodine deficiency disorders (IDD) in a rural area of the Gangetic West Bengal. Ind. J. Nutr. Dietet., 2003, 40, 53-58.
- Chandra, A.K., Debnath, A. and Tripathy, S. Profile of iodine content of salt in Sundarban delta of West Bengal, India. Ind. J. Nutr. Dietet. 2009, 46, 304-307.
- Iodine Nutritional Status among Pregnant Women of Murshidabad District in West Bengal
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Authors
Affiliations
1 Department of Physiology, Berhampore Girls' College, P.O. Berhampore Dist, Murshidabad, West Bengal - 742 101, IN
1 Department of Physiology, Berhampore Girls' College, P.O. Berhampore Dist, Murshidabad, West Bengal - 742 101, IN
Source
The Indian Journal of Nutrition and Dietetics, Vol 52, No 3 (2015), Pagination: 313-317Abstract
Iodine Deficiency Disorders (IDD) is a significant public health problem in the world including India. Although the number of countries with iodine deficiency decreased, still in several studies conducted around the world the pregnant women have been found to be particularly vulnerable to IDD. Totally 315 pregnant women (aged between 18-45 yrs) were clinically examined for goiter from three sub divisions of Murshidabad district. The overall goiter prevalence was found to be 18.7%. Most of the goiter was palpable (grade 1) however, visible goiter also existed. To evaluate the occurrence of associated iodine deficiency disorders (IDD) every pregnant woman was examined or enquired individually. In the studied population, most prevalent abnormalities were feeble mindedness (38.4%) followed by deaf mutism (10.4%), squint (1.9%), miscarriage (8.3%) and still birth (2.5%). Urinary iodine and thiocyanate concentrations were measured for all subjects and the mean and median Urinary Iodine (UI) were found to be 12.6 ± 9.3 μg/dl and 11.1 μg/dl respectively. The mean and median thiocyanate excretion levels were 0.614 ± 0.23 mg/dl and 0.545 mg/dl respectively. The overall clinical observations suggest that the pregnant women of the studied region are affected by goiter or they are iodine deficient but biochemically they have no iodine deficiency as evidenced by their urinary iodine excretion pattern. They consume foods containing thiocyanate precursors as evidenced by urinary thiocyanate excretion pattern. Thus in spite of the consumption of adequate iodine, existing goiter prevalence may be due to the consumption of dietary goitrogens/antithyroid substances that possibly come through food and water.Keywords
Iodine, Iodine Deficiency Disorders (IDD), Pregnant Women, Urinary Iodine, Urinary Thiocyanate.References
- Hetzel, B.S. Iodine deficiency disorders (IDD) and their eradication. Lancet, 1983, 2, 1126-1129.
- Hetzel, B.S., Pandav, C.S. SOS for a Billion. Oxford University Press. Delhi 1994: 1-26.
- Tripathy, S., Halder, G.C. and Debnath, A. Age, sex, religion and caste specific goitre prevalence among school children in Berhampore sadar sub-division of Murshidabad district, West Bengal. Al. Ameen. J. Med. Sci., 2013, 6, 183-188.
- Tripathy, S. Prevalence of goitre among muslim school children in Domkol sub-division of Murshidabad district, West Bengal. Ind. J. Nutr. Dietet., 2013, 50, 162-167.
- Karmarkar, M.G., Pandav, C.S. and Krishnamachari, K.A.V.R. Principle and procedure for iodine estimation. A laboratory manual, New Delhi, Indian Council of Medical Research, 1986.
- Aldridge, W.N. The estimation of micro quantities of cyanide and thiocyanate. Analyst, 1945, 70, 474-475.
- Michajlovskij, N. and Langer, P. Studien uber Benziehungen Zwischen Rhodanbildung und Kropfbildender Eigenschaft Von Nahrungsmitteln. In: Gehalt einiger Nahrungs Mittel an praformierten Rhodanid. Z. Physiol Chem., 1958, 312, 26-30.
- WHO/UNICEF/ICCIDD. Indicators for tracking progress in IDD elimination. IDD Newsletter 1994, 10, 37-41.
- Levin, H.M. Economic dimensions of Iodine Deficiency Disorders. In: Hetzel, B.S., Dunn, J.T. and Stanbury, J.B. (Eds). The prevention and control of iodine deficiency disorders. 1987, 195-208. Elsevier, Amsterdam.
- WHO, UNICEF, ICCIDD. Assessment of the Iodine Deficiency Disorders and monitoring their eliminations. Geneva: WHO Publ, WHO/NHD/01.1.1-107, 2001.
- Dunn, J.T., Vander and Haar, F. Detection of iodine deficiency. In: A practical guide to the correction of Iodine Deficiency. Technical Manual No.3. The Netherlands : ICCIDD/UNICEF/WHO Publication; 1990; 13-20.
- Queriodo, O., Delange, F., Dunn, T., Fierro-Benitez, R. and Ibbertson, H.K et al. Definition of endemic goitre and cretinism, classification of goitre size and severity of endemias and survey techniques. In: J.T. Dunn, G.A and Medeiros-Neto, editors. Endemic goitre and cretinism: Continuing threats to world health (Pan American Health Organisation, Washington DC, USA, Sci Publ), 1974, 292, 267.
- Delange, F., Thilly, C., Bourdoux, P., Hennart, P., Courtois, P., Ermans, A.M. Influence of dietary goitrogens during pregnancy in humans on thyroid function of the newborn. In: Delange, F., Iteke, F.B., Ermans, A.M., editors. Nutritional factors involved in the goitrogenic action of cassava. IDRC-184e, Int Dev Res, Cent, Ottawa, 1982, 40-50.
- Kochupillai, N. Neonatal hypothyroidism in India. Mount Sinai Med., 1992, 59, 111-115.
- Chandra, A.K., Ray, I. Evaluation of the effectiveness of salt iodization status in Tripura, Northeast India. Ind. J. Med. Res., 2002, 115, 22-27.
- Chandra, A.K., Mukhopadhyay, S., Lahari, D. and Tripathy, S. Goitrogenic content of cyanogenic plant foods of Indian origin and their anti-thyroidal activity in vitro. Ind. J. Med. Res., 2004, 119, 180-185.
- Marwaha, R.K., Tandon, N., Gupta, N., Karak, A.K, Verma, K. and Kochupillai, N. Residual goitre in the post-iodization phase: iodine status, thiocyanate exposure and autoimmunity.
- Clin. Endocrinol., 2003, 59, 672-681.
- Profile of Iodine Content of Salt in Sundarban Delta of West Bengal, India
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Authors
Affiliations
1 Endocrinology and Reproductive Physiology Laboratory, Department of Physiology, University College of Science and Technology; University of Calcutta, Kolkata - 700 009, IN
2 Department of General Human Physiology, Haldia Institute of Dental Sciences and Research, Haldia - 721 645, West Bengal, IN
1 Endocrinology and Reproductive Physiology Laboratory, Department of Physiology, University College of Science and Technology; University of Calcutta, Kolkata - 700 009, IN
2 Department of General Human Physiology, Haldia Institute of Dental Sciences and Research, Haldia - 721 645, West Bengal, IN
Source
The Indian Journal of Nutrition and Dietetics, Vol 46, No 7 (2009), Pagination: 304-307Abstract
Considerable progress has been made in the impiementation of the universal salt iodization programme in the countries affected by Iodine Deficiency Disorders (IDD). The advantage of supplementing with iodized salt is that it is used by all sections of a community irrespective of social and economic status. There are two forms of iodine, which can be used to iodise salt: "iodide" and "iodate" usually as the potassium salt. Iodate is less soluble and more stable than iodide and is therefore preferred for tropical moist conditions. Both are generally referred to as "iodized" salt. Keeping in view of the mean daily intake of common salt of 10 g by the population in different parts of the country, it is mandatory under National Iodine Deficiency Disorders Control Programme (NIDDCP) that a minimum of 15 ppm of iodine should be present per gram of edible salt at the beneficiary level to ensure at least 150 mg of dietary intake of iodine per day through the salt.- Iodine Content of Drinking Water in Gangetic West Bengal
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Authors
Affiliations
1 Endocrinology and Reproductive Physiology Laboratory, Department of Physiology, University College of Science and Technology, University of Calcutta, Kolkata - 700 009, IN
1 Endocrinology and Reproductive Physiology Laboratory, Department of Physiology, University College of Science and Technology, University of Calcutta, Kolkata - 700 009, IN
Source
The Indian Journal of Nutrition and Dietetics, Vol 41, No 6 (2004), Pagination: 269-272Abstract
Iodine in trace amount is essential for normal development and function of the brain and maintenance of body heat and energy. Man gets iodine through food and water. Iodine deficiency in a region is characterised by iodine poor soil, less iodine in foods (animal or vegetable origin) and in drinking water, resulting in iodine deprivation of living organism. The major consequences of iodine deficiency are goitre (enlargement of thyroid gland than normal), still birth and miscarriages, mental defect, deaf-mutism, weakness and paralysis of muscles as well as lesser degree of physical and mental function.- Studies on Endemic Goitre and Associated Iodine Deficiency Disorders (IDD) in a Rural Area of the Gangetic West Bengal
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Authors
Affiliations
1 Endocrinology and Reproductive Physiology Research Laboratory, Department of Physiology, University College of Science and Technology, University of Calcutta, 92, Acharya Prafulla Chandra Road, Kolkata-700 006, IN
1 Endocrinology and Reproductive Physiology Research Laboratory, Department of Physiology, University College of Science and Technology, University of Calcutta, 92, Acharya Prafulla Chandra Road, Kolkata-700 006, IN