Open Access
Subscription Access
Open Access
Subscription Access
Visitors' Willingness to Pay for Park Fees: a Case Study of Penang Botanic Gardens.
Subscribe/Renew Journal
This study was undertaken to determine some characteristics of visitors' willingness to pay (WTP) for park fees. The objective was to derive quantitative data on their willingness to pay for park entry and willingness to support for nature conservation. The study is based on a questionnaire survey carried out among 110 respondents at Penang Botanic Gardens in mid-2009. A series of multivariate analyses was used to determine the respondents' WTP, and the study showed that factors like income, age of respondents, education and quality of recreational services of the garden were significant determinants of WTP. The demand visitation of the garden was significantly income elastic, negative elastic of demand with its own price. This estimate provides an important indication to the conservation value of recreational services at the chosen site.
Keywords
Economic Valuation, Willingness to Pay, Botanic Gardens, Visitors
Subscription
Login to verify subscription
User
Font Size
Information
- Alberini, A. (1995). Efficiency vs. Bias of Willingness-to-estimate Bivariate and Internal Data Models. Journal of Environmental Economics and Management 29: pp 169-80.
- Alberini, A., Kanninen, B., and Carson, R. T., (1997). Modelling Responisve Incentive effects in Dichotomous Choice Contingent Valuation Data. Land Economics 73: pp 309-24.
- Bann, C. (1998). The Economic Valuation of Tropical Forest Land Use Option. A Manual for Researchers. Economy and Environment Program for Southeast Asia, Singapore.
- Barbier, E.B., Acreman. M. and Knowler, D. (1997). Economic valuation of wetland: A
- guide for policy makers and planners. Switzerland: Ramsar Convention Bureau.
- Barnes, J.I., Schier, C., Rooy, G. Van. (1997). Tourists’ willingness to pay for wildlife viewing and wildlife conservation in Namibia, Research Discussion Paper No. 15, Directorate of Environmental Affairs, Ministry of Environment and Tourism, Windhoek, Namibia 22pp.
- Cummings, R.R., Brookshire, D.S., and Schulze, W.D. (1986). Valuing environmental goods: An assessment of the “Contingent Valuation Method” Totowa, NJ: Rowan Allanheld.
- Dailey, G. C. (1997). Nature’s Services: Societal Dependence on Natural Ecosystems. Washington D. C: Island Press.
- Depondt. F, and Flumerfelt, S. (2006). Tourism Fees in Marine Protected Areas: A Practical Guide for Practioners. The Coral Reef Alliance (CORAL): Unpublished
- Driver, B.L. and P. Brown. (1986). Probable Personal Benefits of Outdoor Recreation. ALiterature Review: President’s Commission on Americans Outdoors. Washington,DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.
- Greene, W. H. (1990). Econometric Analysis. New York: Macmillan Publishing Company and London: Collier Macmillan Publishers.
- Grandstaff, S. and J.A. Dixon (1986). Evaluation of Lumpinee Park in Bangkok, Thailand. In J.A. Dixon and M.M. Hufschmidt (eds) Economic Valuation Techniques for the Environment: A Case Study Workbook. Baltimore: John Hopkins University Press.
- Hanim, N. (1999). Valuing outdoor recreational resources: A case study at Taman Negara, Pahang Darul Makur. Unpubished Master of Science Thesis, University Putra Malaysia.
- Khan, H. (2001). The willingness to pay for recreational services: An empirical investigation with the application of multivariate analyses of two public parks in Northern Pakistan. [Online] Available: http://www.ravi.lums.edu.pk/aesm/papers.
- Kaosa-ard, M., D. Patmasiriwat, T. Panayotou, and J.R. Deshazo (1995). Green Financing: Valuation and Financing of Khao Yai National Park in Thailand. Thailand Development Research Institute, Bangkok.
- Kannien, B.J. (1995). Bias in Discrete Response Contingent Valuation. Journal of Environmental Economics and Management 22, pp. 57-70.
- Lipton, D.W., Wellman, K., Sheifer, I.C. and Weiher, R.F. (1995). Economic Valuation of Natural Resources. NOAA Costal Ocean Program Decision Analysis Series No. 5. [Online] http:// www.csc.noaa.gov/coastal/economics/irreversibility.htm.
- Loewen, K. G. and Kulshreshta, S. N. (1991). Economic value of recreation experience at the Prince Albert National Park of Saskatchewan. Canada: Prince Albert Model forest Association Inc.
- Loomis, J. B. (1989). Estimating the economic activity and value from public parks and outdoor recreation areas in California. Journal of Park and Recreation Administration, 7(2), 56-65.
- Mathews, L.G., Kask, S., Rotegard, L. and Stewart, S. (2001). Using economics toinform national park management decisions: A case study on the Blue Ridge Parkway. Source http://www.georgewright.org. Mitchell, R.C. and Caron, R.T. (1989). Using Surveys to Value Public Goods: the Contingent Valuation Method, Washington, D.C.
- Nuva, R., Shamsudin, M. N., Radam, A., Shuib, A. (2009). Willingness to Pay towards the Conservation of Ecotourism Resources at Gede Pangrango National Park, West Java, Indonesia. Journal of Sustainable Development. Vol.2, No.2 pp 173-186.
- Pearce, D. W. and Turner, R. K. (1990). Economics of Natural Resources and the Environment. Harvester Wheatsleaf, Landon, UK. 378pp.
- Samdin, Z. (2008). Willingness to pay in Taman Negara: A Contingent Valuation Method, Int. Journal of Economics and Management 2(1):81-94.
- Spergel, B. and Moye, M. (2004). Financing Marine Conservation: A menu of options. Washington D.C: WWF Center for Conservation Finance.
- Syakya. (2004). Strategi Pengembangan Pariwisata dan par Partisipasi Masyarakat Pengunjung objek wisata pantai (studi kasus pada Pantai Lampuuk, Propinsi Nanggroe Aceh Darussalam). Thesis. Sekolah Pascasarjana. Institut Pertanian Bogor.
- Tobin, J. (1958). Estimation of Relationships for Limited Dependent Variables, Econometrica 26; pp 24-36.
- West, P. 1986. Social Benefits of Outdoor Recreation. A Literature Review: President’s Commission on Americans Outdoors. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.
- Wolf, K.L. (2004). Public Value of Nature: Economics of Urban Trees and Open Space, in: Miller, D. and J.A. Wise(eds). Procceding of the 35th Annual Conference of the Environmental Design Research Association, Edmond, 88-92.
- Zhongmin, X, Guodong, C., Zhiyong, S., and Loomis, J. (2004). Applying contingent valuation in china to measure the total economic value of restoring ecosystem services in Ejina region. Ecological Economic Journal, Vol. 44, pp.345-358.
Abstract Views: 323
PDF Views: 0