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Increasing Evidence for Cigarette Smoking and Prostate Cancer Progression in Eastern Nigera


Affiliations
1 Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Health Science and Technology, Ebonyi State University
2 Department of Physiotherapy, University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Enugu, Dominica
3 Department of Neurosciences, University of Susex, United Kingdom
     

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Prostate cancer is the leading cause of death among cigarette smokers in the developing nations especially, in African countries. Evidence from our study showed that prostate cancer is the second leading cause of cancer in men especially those who smoke cigarette. Age, diet, ethnicity, environment and genetic inheritance, are known risk factors for prostate cancer. The aim of this study is to determine the effect of cigarette smoking on the physiology of the prostate gland and to access the level of biomarkers of prostate neoplasm in the smokers and their age match controls. The study was divided into two groups; the first group involved healthy adult smokers and their age-matched non smokers. The second stage of the study was done to confirm the result of the first stage as above. This involves cohort of patients with prostate disease who were smokers and non smokers. Serum levels of PSA, total acid phosphatase, prostate specific acid phosphatase were analysed using established protocol. Data from our study showed that, from the healthy adult population, smokers had a statistically significant increase serum level of both total and prostate specific acid phosphatase compared to age matched healthy non smokers (p<0.001). In addition, men with prostatic disease who smokes have a statistically significant increase level of both total and prostate specific acid phosphatase activity compared to non smokers. The current study suggest that cigarette smoking may be associated with increase level of prostatic acid phosphatise and PSA and; this was found to result in more aggressive, and progressive prostate cancer among patients already diagnosed with prostate disease.
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  • Increasing Evidence for Cigarette Smoking and Prostate Cancer Progression in Eastern Nigera

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Authors

Maxwell Omabe
Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Health Science and Technology, Ebonyi State University
Chinwe Ewenighi
Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Health Science and Technology, Ebonyi State University
J.C. Onyeanusi
Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Health Science and Technology, Ebonyi State University
Nnatuanya
Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Health Science and Technology, Ebonyi State University
A. Ezugwu Uchechukwu
Department of Physiotherapy, University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Enugu, Dominica
Martin Ezeani
Department of Neurosciences, University of Susex, United Kingdom
Ogbonnaya Kenneth
Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Health Science and Technology, Ebonyi State University
Uzor Simon
Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Health Science and Technology, Ebonyi State University
Okike Omabe
Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Health Science and Technology, Ebonyi State University

Abstract


Prostate cancer is the leading cause of death among cigarette smokers in the developing nations especially, in African countries. Evidence from our study showed that prostate cancer is the second leading cause of cancer in men especially those who smoke cigarette. Age, diet, ethnicity, environment and genetic inheritance, are known risk factors for prostate cancer. The aim of this study is to determine the effect of cigarette smoking on the physiology of the prostate gland and to access the level of biomarkers of prostate neoplasm in the smokers and their age match controls. The study was divided into two groups; the first group involved healthy adult smokers and their age-matched non smokers. The second stage of the study was done to confirm the result of the first stage as above. This involves cohort of patients with prostate disease who were smokers and non smokers. Serum levels of PSA, total acid phosphatase, prostate specific acid phosphatase were analysed using established protocol. Data from our study showed that, from the healthy adult population, smokers had a statistically significant increase serum level of both total and prostate specific acid phosphatase compared to age matched healthy non smokers (p<0.001). In addition, men with prostatic disease who smokes have a statistically significant increase level of both total and prostate specific acid phosphatase activity compared to non smokers. The current study suggest that cigarette smoking may be associated with increase level of prostatic acid phosphatise and PSA and; this was found to result in more aggressive, and progressive prostate cancer among patients already diagnosed with prostate disease.

References