Natarajan Gajendran ¹

Affiliations
1 Eritrea Institute of Technology, Mainefhi, Eritrea, Department of Cancer Cytogenetics, Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 734-8553, JP

Abstract

'Comet assay' becomes a powerful tool in bioassay and cell lines are the preferred study-systems in the light of stringent bioethic norms. Human B lymphocyte-derived cell lines at different passage levels were subjected to alkaline comet assay. Cell lines at higher passages exhibited increased DNA damage compared to that of lesser passages. In addition, apoptotic conditions were also found more at higher passages. When cell lines were subjected to irradiation (2 Gy of ⁶⁰Co-γ), the tailmoment generated as a result of the radiation-insult was found to be influenced by passage factor. Thus 'passage factor' can impose for appropriate correction measures when cell lines are used in genotoxic test. Single cell gel electrophoresis can be a simple method to assess the suitability of a given cell line for toxicological studies.

Keywords

Cell Line, Comet Assay, Aging, Lymphocytes, DNA Repair, Radiation

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Natarajan Gajendran ¹, K. Tanaka ², T. S. Kumaravel ³

Affiliations
1 Department of Biology, Eritrea Institute of Technology, Mainefhi, ER
2 Department of Cancer Cytogenetics, Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan, JP
3 Department of Cancer Cytogenetics, Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 734-8553, JP

Abstract

The usefulness of 'comet assay' in predicting the hematopoietic disorders such as MDS and AML is reported. Bone marrow biopsies of de novo AML and MDS (3 from each) were subjected to alkaline comet assay along with suitable control. The results are based on the average tailmoment of about hundred randomly selected cells. Blood malignant samples showed significantly higher mean tailmoment (AML: 195±41.6 & MDS: 501±136.2) than the normal (29.66±6.1). In addition, the spontaneous occurrence of apoptotic cells was much higher in MDS (24.5% ±5); while in AML it was <1%. 'Comet assay' offers as single-step visual method to predict the hematopoietic neoplasia in suspected samples.

Keywords

Myelodysplastic Syndrome, Acute Myeloid Leukemia, Comet Assay, Apoptosis

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Natarajan Gajendran ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Biology, Eritrea Institute of Technology, Mainefhi, Eritrea, ER

Abstract

The RBE values for neutrons vary to a wide range and the influencing factors have been discussed. The relevance of cytogenetic end points as signature of the past neutron exposure, and the importance of cosmic component of neutron have been explored. The neutron-induced multiple damage sites are understood as more mutagenic, carcinogenic and lead to complex chromosome aberrations. Low energy neutrons (0.2- 2 MeV) are the principal concern in biodosimetry. They exhibit little or no β component and also independent of dose-rate effect. The review also emphasizes the wide range of RBE need to be considered for neutrons. Such knowledge may be helpful to draw guidelines to set dose limit for radiation workers under specific field and to devise effective neutron therapy. Also to make high-altitude travels and space voyages safer for human beings.

Keywords

Neutrons, RBE, Adaptive Response, Dsb, Radiation, Chromosomal Aberrations

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Natarajan Gajendran ¹

Affiliations
1 Director, Curriculum Development & Review, EIT, Mainefhi, Eritrea, ER

Abstract

No Abstract

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Natarajan Gajendran ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Biology, Eritrea Institute of Technology, Mainefhi, Eritrea, ER

Abstract

A confluence of nanobiotechnology and nanofabrication technology gives birth to a new class of engineering which adds life to the silicon world. Such hybrid machines of molecular motors snuggled in silicon matrix are expected to bring a great revolution in the fields of health- and space- management.

Keywords

Nanomotors, Bionanotechnology, Nanofabricationtechnology, Microelectro Mechanical System

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Natarajan Gajendran ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Biology, Director, Curriculum Development & Review, Eritrea Institute of Technology, Eritrea, ER

Abstract

Language is the expression of mind and a channel for communication. Language is the baby of intelligence. Do plants have intelligence? If so, what is their language of expression? The biological clock of the plant to comprehend the surrounding climate is no way inferior to the weather forecast by human intelligence.

Keywords

Plant, Intelligence, Response

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Natarajan Gajendran ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Biology, Eritrea Instiute o Technology, Mainefhi, Eritrea, ER

Abstract

The geo-chemical nature of coral island in relation to the Dahlak archipelago has been revisited. The mechanism behind the symptom of cracks, pot-holes and caves has been discussed in the back-drop of chemical weathering of coral deposits and calcite rock. This study highlights the vulnerability of Dahlak reef ecosystems and calls for protecting the biodiversity hotspot on priority basis.

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Kimio Tanaka ¹, Natarajan Gajendran ², Nanao Kamada ³

Affiliations
1 Department of Radiobiology, Institute for Environmental Sciences, Hachazawa 2-121, Takahoko, Rokkasho, Kamikita, Aomori 039-3213, JP
2 Department of Cancer Cytogenetics, Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine, Hiroshima University, JP
3 Hiroshima Atomic Bomb Relief Foundation, 50-1, 3 Chome Asakita-ku, Hiroshima 739-1743, JP

Abstract

The relative biological effectiveness (RBE) of ²⁵²Cf neutrons at different dose rates (2, 0.2&0.02 cGy/min) was assessed in human lymphocyte and bone marrow cells using cytogenetic end points (by Giemsa staining). The RBE values for 1 Gy of ²⁵²Cf neutrons for chromosomal aberration yield in lymphocyte at the dose rates of 2 and 0.02 cGy/min were 3.3 and 12.0, respectively, in comparison to that of ⁶⁰Co γ - or ¹³⁷Cs γ -rays. RBE values of Cf(n) in human bone marrow were determined for the first time in the present study, and were 6.5 for chromatid-type and 4.4 for chromosome-type aberrations at the dose rate of 2 cGy/min. These values were higher than those of lymphocytes obtained in the present study. As studied by FISH method, the exposure of ²⁵²Cf neutrons and ⁶⁰Co γ - and ¹³⁷Cs γ -rays at different dose rates also revealed the fact that the ratio of the dicentric chromosome yield to the translocation yield was influenced by LET and dose rates. No dose rate effect was found for the induction of dicentric chromosome aberrations. But an increase in the incidence of translocation was observed in the ²⁵²Cf neutrons exposure at a dose rate of 0.02 cGy/min. These results suggest that the formation of dicentrics and translocations differed with source of radiation and dose rate.

Keywords

^252Cf Neutrons, Dose Rate Effect, Fish, Translocations, Low Dose Rate, Biodosimetry, Bone Marrow, Chromosome Aberrations.

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Kimio Tanaka ¹, Natarajan Gajendran ², Hideki Asaoku ³, Taichi Kyo ³, Nanao Kamada ⁴

Affiliations
1 Department of Radiobiology, Institute for Environmental Sciences, Takahoko 2-121, Rokkasho, Kamikita, Aomori 039-3213, JP
2 Department of Plant Biology & Plant Biotechnology, Presidency College, Chennai-600 005, IN
3 Department of Internal Medicine, Hiroshima Red Cross Hospital
4 Hiroshima Atomic Bomb Relief Foundation, 50-1, 3 Chome Asakita-ku, Hiroshima 739-1743, JP

Abstract

Importance of subtelomeric chromosome rearrangements associated with idiopathic mental retardation and with methylation of gene expression in neoplastic cells has been shown. In order to observe incidence of deletions or translocations involving subtelomere region in leukemias and lymphomas, 41 patients were observed precisely by chromosome metaphase fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) using subtelomere probes and so on, specially focus on the end of long arm of chromosome 11 or short arm of chromosome 17. The abnormalities of subtelomere region on chromosome 11 were frequently observed in 7 of 17 patients (41.6%) with 11q22-q25 abnormalities, which were 3 of 9 patients with add(11)(q23-q25) and 3 of 7 patients with del(11)(q22-25), and 16 of 24 patients (66.0%) with 17p13 abnormalities, which were 2 of 6 with translocation between 17 and other chromosome, 6 of 10 with add(17)(p13) and all of 8 with del(17)(p13). Lymphoid disease had slightly higher abnormalities of subtelomere region than myeloid disease in patients with 11q22-25 or 17p13 abnormalities. Chemo- or radiotherapy treated patients had also subtelomeric chromosomal rearrangements. These results indicate that leukemia and lymphomas have many abnormalities at subtelomere region and possible association of chromosome instability, relating to pathogenesis of these diseases especially after therapy. Furthermore, FISH and chromosome analyses were performed on long-term cultured HL-60 leukemic cell line after irradiation using three different sources, and the results confirmed the higher induction of chromosome instability involving subtelomere region after α-rays irradiation.

Keywords

Chromosome Instability, Subtelomere, Telomere, Radiation, α-rays, γ-rays, β-rays, Leukemia Cell Line, FishAnalysis

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Natarajan Gajendran

Abstract

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Natarajan Gajendran

Abstract

No abstract

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J. Josphin Mini ¹, Natarajan Gajendran ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, Presidency College (Autonomous), Chennai-600005, IN

Abstract

Walsura trifoliata is being used in traditional system of medicine with scant scientific documentation. This report is an attempt to provide laboratory findings in support of its traditional use. The crude extract of the ischolar_main prepared with the solvent systems hexane, ethyl acetate and methanol were used separately for its μ-glucosidase inhibition, phenolic contents, reducing ability assay and antioxidant activities. The antioxidant property of the crude extracts were tested using DPPH Radical Scavenging Assay, Hydroxyl Radical Scavenging Assay, Nitric Oxide Radical Inhibition Assay, Superoxide Scavenging Activity, Inhibition of Lipid Peroxidation and Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power. Among the solvent preparations, the methanol extract of the ischolar_main of Walsura trifoliata showed the maximum inhibitory activity for α-glucosidase inhibition with the IC₅₀ value 690 ± 1.44 μg/ml. The IC₅₀ value for the methanol extract in DPPH Radical Scavenging Assay was 620 ± 1.99 μg/ml. Among all the parameters studied, methanol extract showed the maximum activity while minimum activity was recorded in hexane extract.

Keywords

Walsura trifoliata, α–Glucosidase Inhibition, Antioxidant, Medicinal Plant.

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Ramprasath Ramakrishnan ¹, Jolius Gimbun ¹, Fahmi Samsuri ², Vigneswaran Narayanamurthy ², Natarajan Gajendran ³, Yamini Sudha Lakshmi ⁴, Denisa Stranska ⁵, Balu Ranganathan ⁶

Affiliations
1 University Malaysia Pahang, Gambang Campus, Gambang - 26300, MY
2 University Malaysia Pahang, Pekan campus, Pekan - 26600, MY
3 Department of Plant Biology and Plant Biotechnology, Presidency College, Chennai - 600005, Tamil Nadu, IN
4 Department of Medical Biochemistry, University of Madras, Chennai - 600113, Tamil Nadu, IN
5 InStar Technologies a.s., Liberec - 46007, Czech Republic
6 Palms Connect Sdn Bhd, Shah Alam - 40460, Selangor Darul Ehsan, MY

Abstract

Background/Objectives: Needleless electrospinning technology surmounts the shortcomings and bottlenecks of the conventional needle based electrospinning systems. Spinneret clogging and lower throughput in terms of productivity has been the setbacks of the conventional technology leading to fewer nanofibers based commercial products. Nanofiber based products finds a market in healthcare, energy and defence. Proof of concept leading to lab level prototype scaling up into industrial level of nanofiber production units is the focus of this paper. Methodology/Analysis: A simple search in the scopus web portal with a keyword ‘electrospinning’ resulted in 16,272 publications as of date. Same search for patent in US patent office portal resulted in 1939 granted patent documents. A comparison of years of technology time cycle (110 years), publications (16,272) and granted patents (1939) with the companies (31) working on electrospun products was made. Findings: Bubble, hollow tube, roller, wire based and slit-surface needleless electrospinning units are discussed on the basis of entrepreneurial product cycle of prototype development translating into commercial units. Nanofiber production at a mean diameter of 140 nm at commercial level using Poly (ethylene) oxide for Nano Drug Delivery Systems (NDDS) by wire based free surface electrospinning has been analysed. Novelty/Improvements: The analysis proves an entrepreneurial approach in the area of electrospinning as evidenced by number of patents match ups or exceeds publications in some region and also depicts its futuristic demand in several areas including healthcare and energy sectors.

Keywords

needleless elecrospinning; wire based; nanofibers; nano drug delivery systems; nanocarriers;

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Balu Ranganathan , Natarajan Gajendran

Abstract

No Abstract.

Keywords

No Keywords.

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Jolius Gimbun ¹, Natarajan Gajendran ², Balu Ranganathan ³

Affiliations
1 Center of Excellence for Advanced Research in Fluid Flow (CARIFF), University Malaysia, Gambang – 26300, Pahang, MY
2 Department of Plant Biology and Plant Biotechnology, Presidency College, Chennai – 600005, Tamil Nadu, IN
3 Palms Connect LLC, Showcase Lane, Sandy, UT 84094, US

Abstract

The 2nd edition of Fluids and Chemical Engineering conference, FluidsChE 2017 held in April 2017 at Kota Kinabalu, Sabah is organised by the Center of Excellence for Advanced Research in Fluid Flow (CARIFF) Universiti Malaysia Pahang, Malaysia. FluidsChE 2017 covers a wide area of engineering and sciences with the theme "Advancing Fluids Engineering for A Sustainable Future". Over 200 submissions were received from countries such as India, Iraq, Pakistan, Indonesia, Malaysia, Thailand, Kazakhstan and Qatar. More than 100 full papers were submitted for the special issue. After an extensive peer-review process, 66 papers were finally selected for publication. The current special issue volume consisted of natural resources product lifecycle, polymer technology and pharmaceutical technology

Keywords

FluidChE 2017, Natural Resources, Polymer Technology, Pharmaceutical Technology.

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Natarajan Gajendran ¹, Jolius Gimbun ², Balu Ranganathan ³

Affiliations
1 Department of Plant Biology and Plant Biotechnology, Presidency College, Chennai - 600005, Tamil Nadu, MY
2 Center of Excellence for Advanced Research in Fluid Flow (CARIFF), University Malaysia, Pahang- 26300, Gambang, MY
3 Palms Connect LLC, Showcase Lane, Sandy, UT - 84094, US

Abstract

The International Conference on Fluids and Chemical Engineering (FluidsChE 2017) organised by Centre for Excellence for Advanced Research in Fluid Flow (CARIFF), Universiti Malaysia Pahang, Malaysia (FluidsChE 2017) aims to provide a platform to discuss ideas and latest research findings on different disciplines of chemical engineering. 1st FluidsChE 2015 was conducted in Langkawi, Malaysia in November, 2015 which stirred and kindled intellectual minds to make this event a biannual event to disseminate knowledge and findings of chemical engineering fields to the entire world. As an outcome of the event 60+ research articles are published in reputed journals which are in open access for all spectrums of researchers to gain knowledge. Research publications were sectioned into three volumes, volume -1, 2 and 3. First volume was segmented into these disciplines of fluid flow dynamics, distillation technology and absorption / adsorption technology. Second volume consisted of natural resources product lifecycle, polymer technology and pharmaceutical technology. Third volume contains allied fields of chemical engineering. Researchers from different parts of the world contributed to the knowledge pool. Convergence was seen where researchers from different disciplines collaborated for technology solution support for product development with feasible techno economics with prospects for successful commercialization.

Keywords

Chemical Engineering, FluidsChe 2017, Malaysia, Cariff, Sabah.

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