Spectrum Sensing Using Energy Detection Technique for Cognitive Radio Networks Using PCA Technique

With the growth of subscribers in wireless and data communication there is a scarcity of additional bandwidth to meet the demand. For the efficient usage of the spectrum bandwidth we go for a technology which is Cognitive Radio technique. The spectrum holes in the unutilized spectrum are to be used efficiently for the communication for the secondary user. The Cognitive Radio uses spectrum sensing techniques for determining the spectrum holes in the network. In order to improve the efficiency of the energy detection technique it is combined and used with the statistical Principal Component Analysis (PCA) technique. In conventional PCA technique the signal space power to the noise space power does not match with the actual SNR so a PCA correction technique is followed. The correction factor is applied to the noise space power and signal space power to equate it to the actual SNR. The threshold energy required is determined from the modified energy detection technique and the probability of false alarm value. The proposed method is the combination of PCA and energy detection spectrum sensing. The correction factor is applied to the PCA and it clearly defines the process for threshold Energy computation.