Indian Journal of Science and Technology

Open Access Open Access  Restricted Access Subscription Access

A Multivariable Fuzzy Rule-Based Relay for Short Circuits in AC Micro-Grids


Affiliations
1 Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Curtin University, Sarawak, Malaysia
 

Objectives: This work seeks to present a new protective relay for short circuits in AC micro-grids, under different control strategies as well as in both grid-connected and islanded modes of operation. Methods/Statistical Analysis: An index test-bed which consists of two wind turbines as micro-sources and other requisite network elements is developed. From the dynamic short circuit analysis of the test-bed, the rules which govern interaction of four parameters are framed in fuzzy form. Using the framed rules, fuzzy logic controllers are designed for micro-source and feeder sub-relays. The hardware of each sub-relay is realized in SimPowerSystems using combinational logic components. Findings: Offline and online response tests of the proposed relay show that it generates logic 1 during short circuits and logic 0 during normal operating conditions in both grid-connected and islanded modes of operation of the micro-grid. The proposed relay also provides equivalent response under both voltage and reactive power control strategies. This is consistent with response of a reliable protective relay as reported in related literature. The proposed relay also supports plug-and-play and peer-to-peer requirements of micro-grids. Similar to digital relays reported in literature, the proposed relay is a departure from classical relays wherein protection is based on threshold of short circuit current. In the proposed relay, protection is based on parameters of micro-sources and feeders. Application/Improvements: The proposed relay finds use in providing protection for personnel and system against short circuit currents. It reliably protects against single line-to-ground, line-to-line and three-phase bolted short circuits.
User

  • Farahani HF, Shayanfar HA, Ghazizadeh MS. Modeling of stochastic behavior of plug-in hybrid electric vehicle in a reactive power market. Electrical Engineering. 2012; 96:1–13. Crossref

  • Kroposki B, Martin G. Hybrid renewable energy and microgrid research work at NREL. IEEE Power and Energy Society General Meeting; 2010 Jul. p. 25–9. Crossref

  • Hatziargyriou N, Asano H, Iravani R, Marnay C. Microgrids. IEEE Power and Energy Magazine. 2007; 5(4):78–94. Crossref

  • Schwaegerl C, Tao L. The microgrids concept. USA: John Wiley and Sons Ltd; 2013. Crossref

  • Xu Q, Cai H, Tang G, Yukita K, Ichiyanagi K. Charge evaluation of EDLC for autonomous microgrid energy storage. Electrical Engineering. 2010; 93:1–8. Crossref

  • Reddy SS. Optimal scheduling of wind-thermal power system using clustered adaptive teaching learning based optimization. Electrical Engineering. 2016, pp. 1-16.

  • Balakrishnan D, Haney AB, Meuer J. What a MES(s)! A bibliometric analysis of the evolution of research on multi-energy systems. Electrical Engineering. 2016; 98:369–74. Crossref

  • Reddy SS. Optimal power flow with renewable energy resources including storage. Electrical Engineering. 2017; 99(2):685–95.

  • Ersavas C, Karatepe E. Optimum allocation of FACTS devices under load uncertainty based on penalty functions with genetic algorithm. Electrical Engineering. 2017; 99(1):73–84.

  • Haghmaram R, Sedaghati F, Ghafarpour R. Power exchange among microgrids using modular-isolated bidirectional DC–DC converter. Electrical Engineering. 2017; 99(1):441–54.

  • Barnes M, Kondoh J, Asano H, Oyarzabal J, Ventakaramanan G, Lasseter R. Real-world microgrids - An overview. IEEE International Conference on System of Systems Engineering; 2007 Apr. p. 1–8. Crossref

  • Ustun TS, Ozansoy C, Zayegh A. Recent developments in microgrids and example cases around the world - A review. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews. 2011; 15(8):4030–41. Crossref

  • Schafer M, Kebir N, Neumann K. Research needs for meeting the challenge of decentralized energy supply in developing countries. Energy for Sustainable Development. 2011; 15(3):324–9.

  • Piagi P, Lasseter RH. Autonomous control of microgrids. IEEE Power Engineering Society General Meeting. 2006; 22(2):613–25. Crossref

  • Strbac G, Djapic P, Bopp T, Jenkins N. Benefits of active management of distribution systems. Wind Power in Power Systems, John Wiley & Sons; 2012. p. 935–50. Crossref

  • Kish GJ, Lehn PWS. Microgrid design considerations for next generation grid codes. IEEE Power and Energy Society General Meeting; 2012. p. 1–8. Crossref

  • Oudalov A, Degner T, Overbeeke FV, Yarza JM. Micro-grid protection. Micro-grids. John Wiley and Sons Ltd; 2013. p. 117–64. Crossref

  • Abyane HA, Faez K, Karegar H K. A new method for over-current relay using neural network and fuzzy logic. TENCON ‘97 IEEE Proceedings of IEEE Region 10 Annual Conference Speech and Image Technologies for Computing and Telecommunications; 1997 Dec. p. 1–4. Crossref

  • Erenturk K, Altas IH. Fault identification in a radial power system using fuzzy logic. Instrumentation Science and Technology. 2004; 32(6):641–53. Crossref

  • Goh YL, Ramasamy AK, Nagi FH, Abidin AAZ. Digital Signal Processor based over-current relay using fuzzy logic controller. Electric Power Components and Systems. 2011; 39(13):1437–51. Crossref

  • Vaziri M, Vadhva S, Oneal T, Johnson M. Smart grid, Distributed Generation and standards. 2011 IEEE Power and Energy Society General Meeting; 2011. Crossref

  • Zamora R, Srivastava AK. Controls for microgrids with storage: Review, challenges and research needs. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews. 2010; 14(7):2009–18. Crossref

  • Ustun TS, Ozansoy C, Zayegh A. A microgrid protection system with central protection unit and extensive communication. International Conference on Environment and Electrical Engineering (EEEIC); 2011 Mar. p. 1–4. Crossref

  • Aminu MA. Design of reactive power and voltage controllers for converter-interfaced ac microgrids. British Journal of Applied Science and Technology. 2016; 17(1):1–14. Crossref

  • Machowski J, Bialek JW, Bumby JR. Power system dynamics and stability. England: John Wiley and Sons; 1997. p. 1–658.

  • Langsdorf AS. Theory of alternating-current machinery. USA: McGraw-Hill; 1955. p. 1–666.

  • IEC. International Standard. IEC standard voltages, IEC 60038; 2007. p. 1–22.

  • Pal B, Chaudhuri B. Robust control in power systems. USA: Springer; 2005.

  • Aminu MA, Solomon KA. Review of control strategies for microgrids. Advances in Research. 2016; 7(3):1–9. Crossref

  • Haron AR, Mohamed A, Shareef H. A review on protection schemes and coordination techniques in microgrid system. Journal of Applied Sciences. 2012; 12(2):101–12. Crossref


Abstract Views: 223

PDF Views: 0




  • A Multivariable Fuzzy Rule-Based Relay for Short Circuits in AC Micro-Grids

Abstract Views: 223  |  PDF Views: 0

Authors

A. Maruf Aminu
Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Curtin University, Sarawak, Malaysia

Abstract


Objectives: This work seeks to present a new protective relay for short circuits in AC micro-grids, under different control strategies as well as in both grid-connected and islanded modes of operation. Methods/Statistical Analysis: An index test-bed which consists of two wind turbines as micro-sources and other requisite network elements is developed. From the dynamic short circuit analysis of the test-bed, the rules which govern interaction of four parameters are framed in fuzzy form. Using the framed rules, fuzzy logic controllers are designed for micro-source and feeder sub-relays. The hardware of each sub-relay is realized in SimPowerSystems using combinational logic components. Findings: Offline and online response tests of the proposed relay show that it generates logic 1 during short circuits and logic 0 during normal operating conditions in both grid-connected and islanded modes of operation of the micro-grid. The proposed relay also provides equivalent response under both voltage and reactive power control strategies. This is consistent with response of a reliable protective relay as reported in related literature. The proposed relay also supports plug-and-play and peer-to-peer requirements of micro-grids. Similar to digital relays reported in literature, the proposed relay is a departure from classical relays wherein protection is based on threshold of short circuit current. In the proposed relay, protection is based on parameters of micro-sources and feeders. Application/Improvements: The proposed relay finds use in providing protection for personnel and system against short circuit currents. It reliably protects against single line-to-ground, line-to-line and three-phase bolted short circuits.

References





DOI: https://doi.org/10.17485/ijst%2F2018%2Fv11i23%2F118635