Enhancement of Network Lifetime by Improving the Leach Protocol for Large Scale WSN

Background: Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) is a network of self-configurable nodes. Nodes are operated using irreplaceable and small energy source. Node's operation includes sensing and transferring of data towards base station. Methods: Network Lifetime depends on lifespan of nodes in that network. LEACH is the basic protocol for cluster based routing algorithm. Many proposals with modification of LEACH are proposed and have some suggestion for future work. Optimized Far-Zone LEACH and EAR are few of that and tried to modify the LEACH to augment the network lifetime. Findings: The proposed work covers the efficient usage of energy, nodes mobility, hidden zone issues and routing in WSN design. Nodal contact probability and Weighted moving average concepts are used to reduce the impact on mobility issue. Residual energy of the sensing node, distance towards base and adaptive sleep scheduling algorithm are used to reduce the node early dead issue and also improve the lifespan of the network. Multi-hop communication and uneven clustering concepts are used to provide energy efficient transmission and routing. Improvements/Applications: The proposed work is developed to cover all these issues with the consideration of above mentioned parameters. Simulation results show the 10-15% improvement in lifetime of network and average delay.