The Effect of Sports Physical Loads on the Somatic Development and Physical Performance of Young Football and Basketball Players

The experiment was performed in a longitudinal mode at the premises of the Children and Youth Sports School of the Olympic Reserve (CYSSOR). A total of 60 boys playing football and 60 boys playing basketball at the age of 10-15 years were examined. The control group consisted of 60 10-15-year-old schoolboys not engaged in sports activities. Todetermine PWC170 and VO2max, the hardware and software system "Poli-Spektr-Ergo" (Neurosoft, Ivanovo) was used. The load with the power of PWC170 was simulated on a cycle ergometer under the ECG control. It has been shown that the genetically determined regularities of ontogeny are less constant and stable in their time-response and quantitative characteristics. Under sufficiently durable and strong effects of the athletic loads, a time displacement of the adolescent growth spurt occurs towards the earlier or later age periods (towards the age of 12 years in young basketball players, and 14 years in young football players against the age of 13 years, which is naturally predetermined by the ontogeny process in boys). In the conditions of football training, the sports physical activities can be considered as a growth promoting factor only in the early stages of the training process (10-11 years). The further growth promoting influence is leveled by the increasing volume and intensity of sports physical activities. The age dynamics of PWC170 and VO2max in the young football players and male non-athletes is closely connected with the dynamics of somatic development: During the periods of the increasing growth rates, the PWC170 and VO2max indicators are reduced, and during the periods when the growth rates are inhibited—these indicators start increasing, which proves the objectivity of processes, such as the heterochrony, as well as the critical and sensitive periods.