Effect of Team Sports on Aerobic Performance of Human Body in View of Somatotype

Background/Objectives: Methodology of athletes’ health improvement should be based on integrated consideration of the body features. Search for dependence and functional capabilities of the body on anthropometric typology can be a criterion for the development of individual methods of adaptation in the course of muscular activity. Methods: The experiment was carried out on a longitudinal basis for 3 years. The examination cohort included young athletes of Children’s and Youth Sports School of Olympic Reserve. In total, 80 persons aged from 10 to 20 were examined. Results: Somatotypological approach was suggested for solving the problem of individualization of training loads. The authors showed that in the course of basketball and football trainings the representatives of brachymorphic somatotype formed the primary risk group: they demonstrated the lowest VO2Max values, while the highest values were found among the representatives of different somatotypes in aerobic performance of the body, which determines individual typological differences in general stamina and adaptive capabilities of athletes’ bodies. Consideration of typological features of athletes’ constitution and assessment of aerobic performance of the body form a unified set of information, on the basis of which adequate and personalized recommendations can be developed resulting in optimization of motional modes for a particular group of exercisers. Application: Recognition of typological peculiarities of athletes allows setting regulatory requirements in accordance with adaptive capabilities of athletes. This article is of value for teachers and trainers of Youth Sports Schools of Olympic Reserve and sports departments, sports medicine doctors and students.