Mechanisms of the Heart Function Control of Young Sportsmen Aged 10–14

The cardiovascular system is regarded as an indicator of the functional state of an integral organism. Therefore, conducting comprehensive studies of the heart is a relevant issue. The heart rhythm, as well as the strength of its contractions, controlled by the sympathetic and parasympathetic segments of the autonomic nervous system is very sensitive to any stress. From this perspective, the heart rate indicators can act as integral markers of the body stress. The research targets the study of the control mechanisms for the cardiac activity of young football players aged 10–14 years. The longitudinal studies were conducted during two years with the same contingent of school children aged 10–14 years, engaged in football. The heart rate study was performed by the technique of R.M. Baevskii. Physical development was evaluated by the basic parameters of anthropometric measurements. The studies have shown that athletic training of the majority of young athletes in the first year of the study leads to the adaptation mechanisms stress, and in the second year, the adaptive capacity of the body improves. By the end of the school year, athletic training combined with the study load stresses the adaptation mechanisms of the majority of school children of the first and third years of study, and causes a decrease in the functional capacity of the body of some of them.