Mohan Jha

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This paper deals with some aspects of the research needs of JFM to provide sustainability. Research needs of JFM can be broadly categorised in to the forestry related research and socio-economic research. It is important to focus research on multi-tier forestry to meet the needs of JFM. There is need to reorient the Silvicultural Systems and define the productive parameters for new alternatives which will blend these NTFPs with timber and fuelwood. Research on different models for the optimum returns and providing protection to the soil and biodiversity is a priority area. Forest research on Utilization aspect will provide the sustainability and the required financial return to the community and the state in long run. More focussed research is needed on grasslands and fodder to meet specific needs of JFM. Impact of JFM on the socio-economic aspects of the local community is important for sustainability. Participatory approach requires understanding of factors influencing the involvement of local people and long-term sustainability. It becomes imperative to develop performance indicators.

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Mohan Jha

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Mohan Jha

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India one of the twelve centres of mega biodiversity areas of the world with two biodiversity hotspots viz , Western Ghat and Eastern Himalayas. As one amongst the top repositories of medicinal plants , India is one of the major sources of raw material for the global market. Unsustainable exploitation of medicinal plants has led to the extinction of many plants and many plants are on the verge of extinction. The local communities who are well known for their knowledge of the medicinal properties of various plants needs to be involved in conservation and management of medicinal plants. Policy makers have realised the importance of community based conservation of the medicinal plants. Successful implementation of activities related to medicinal plants conservation and their sustainable utilization needs the involvement oflocal communities , especially women groups and provides scope for income , employment and empowerment of primary users of medicinal plants. Some of the works by Government and non-government organization related to community based conservation is discussed in the paper. Experience of FRLHT , in five states of India , WWF work at Sus ala Gene Bank , Pragya project in three habitats of Himalayas and Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Program in Asia (MAPPA) are different experiences that constitute the pivotal role of community participation. The conservation and management of medicinal plant is possible through a suitably designed area specific participatory models. A community based medicinal plants conservation and sustainable utilisation programme , if designed appropriately , can ensure increased access to health resources to the rural poor , and create jobs and sustainable livelihoods.

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Mohan Jha

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The Lonar crater , situated in Buldhana Forest Division in Maharashtra , is a unique ecosystem in the world. It is believed that Lonar crater has been formed around 50 ,000 years ago by the impact of a large meteorite about 60 m across and a million tonnes in weight. It is an isolated deep saucer like depression nearly circular in shape and surrounded on all sides by steeply rising embankment to a height of 130 m. The presence of brackish water lake inside the crater having pH around 10 to 11 is a distinctive feature of the ecosystem. Fresh water springs on the slopes of the crater is another remarkable feature , which supports rich biodiversity inside the crater. Lonar crater is having many micro-ecosystems with fascinating biodiversity. However , no systematic study has been conducted on ecological aspects of this crater. Some preliminary observations in this regard indicate that there exist about nine micro-ecosystems , about fourteen types of blue green algae , five types of alkaliphilic bacteria , 57 birds' species , and variety of reptiles , mammals , snakes , bats and colourful butterflies. About 237 plant species belonging to 153 genera and representing 70 families have been recorded in the Lonar crater. Richness of biodiversity is evident from the presence of 128 herbs , 30 shrubs , 5 under shrubs , 19 climbers and 57 trees in the crater. Further detail investigation in various ecological aspects of the crater is recommended.

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Mohan Jha

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It is practically impossible to protect and manage the Protected Areas (PAs) in the country with the help of existing infrastructure and funds available to the Forest Department. Numbers of PAs are increasing at rapid speed every year. India has one of the world's most extensive networks of officially PAs , totalling 540 National Parks and Sanctuaries and covering over 4.5% forest area. Initially PAs were managed by excluding the local community and laws were framed accordingly. However , the results of such management have led to many conflicts and PAs suffer badly. Both PA managers and international conservation organizations should recognize that new management approaches are needed to build a more positive relationship with the people who live in and around PAs based on the facts that PAs are a complex ecosystem and the local communities are the integral part of the ecosystem.

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Mohan Jha

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This paper deals with reshaping of the forest policies in India and its implementation in Maharashtra. Fundamental shift in the forest policies is evident as the role oflocal community is gradually changing from mere beneficiary to the equal partner in management. However one of the largest States like Maharashtra could not keep pace with the rest of the country in implementation of the New Forest Policy. Maharashtra forestry project aided by World Bank could give some boost to the JFM movement in Maharashtra. Flexibility, legal backing and proper institutional framework can help in accelerating the JFM movement.

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Mohan Jha

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This paper deals with a case study of newly constituted 'Gyanganga' Sanctuary in Buldhana District of Maharashtra. Local communities around the forests in the Ajanta hills organised themselves and removed the 'Kathiawadis' along with their 40,000 cattle and also controlled the illegal sheep grazing in the forests. They also controlled the illicit felling and fire and catalysed the natural regeneration without any financial support. Local communities could get some benefits from the sale of Anjan leaves and grass, which in turn could lead to stall-feeding. Efforts of the local communities culminated in the formation of new 'Gyanganga' Wildlife Sanctuary.

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Mohan Jha

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In India most of the Afforestation Programmes are rainfed. In order to make the successful afforestation in degraded forest it is important to treat the area on the basis of watershed unit. Instead of carrying out afforestation of isolated patches. it is suggested to treat whole watershed depending of the type of area. soil status. slope and water retention capacity. During the rainy season. the vegetation suffers from water deficit situation at upper part. and due to prolonged wet condition on lower parts of the toposequense at a time. In a case study of Amravati. total 700 ha area was treated after dividing it into small micro-watershed and has shown excellent result. In-situ conservation of moisture in watershed leads to luxurious growth of vegetation and successful afforestation. Suitable conservation and storage structures at appropriate locations in micro-watershed lead to recharge of ground water. Increase in ground water table is being reflected in 11 dug wells in the watershed.

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Mohan Jha

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Mohan Jha

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A comparative study of three years and three months old rain-fed Teak plantation of Forest Department and intensively managed and irrigated private Teak plantation on adjacent site was carried out. Data collected has been analysed for girth and height growth. Irrigation in early phase of Teak plantation has positive effect on growth of Teak. An attempt has been made to analyse the economics of irrigated and non-irrigated Teak plantation. Analysis reveals that benefit cost ratio in irrigated plantation is 1.48 whereas in non-irrigated plantation it is 1.15. Net profit in irrigated Teak plantation is 2.28 times more than non-irrigated plantation. It is concluded that Teak can be used profitably as farm forestry species.

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K. Subramanian , V. M. Gadbail , N. Rambabu , Mohan Jha

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This paper deals with the effect of culling on production on teak planting stock. Culling produces uniform and better quality seedlings.

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Mohan Jha

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Mohan Jha , L. D. Chaudhari

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Mohan Jha

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Mohan Jha

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A species-cum-provenance trial of Eucalyptus was undertaken at Forest Research Centre, Jalna under rainfed condition without any addition of fertilizer. Data collected 3 years after planting has been analysed for survival percentage, height and girth Eucalyptus tereticornis provenance Kennedy River has produced tbe best average height and Eucalyptus carnaldulensis provenance East Leichardt River bas shown the best average girth.

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Mohan Jha , L. D. Chaudhari

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The object of this study was to select suitable species for stump planting and to study the effect of late stump planting on sprouting ability of some species in semi-arid zones Species like Acacia nilotica, Albizia lebbeek, Gmelina arborea, Azadirachua indica, Dalbergia sissoo and Prosopis chilensis show good sprouting ability and survival percentage in adverse field conditions. Besides, the stumps of Gmelina arborea and Albizia lebbeek showed good sprouting ability even in September plantation.

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