V. R. R. Singh , Dinesh Kumar , Sanjay Singh , Ritesh Sharma , Harish Chandra

Abstract

No abstract

Full Text

     

Anita Tomar , Dinesh Kumar , Bikram Singh , Ira Pundir

Abstract

Cassia tora seeds were subjected to four different pre-treatments and different incubation temperatures. Seeds treated with conc. sulphuric acid were found to be best of the pretreatments. Increase in speed and capacity of seed germination was achieved by incubating seeds at higher temperature in comparison to lower temperatures.

Keywords

Cassia tora, Seed Germination, Pre-treatments

Full Text

     

Dinesh Kumar , Surender Singh Negi , Rajeev Pandey , Ira Pundir , Anita Tomar , Pradeep Kumar

Abstract

A study was undertaken to estimate the structure of variation in cone and seed traits of Pinus roxburghii through three-level nested (hierarchical) classification model. The populations studied constituted a continuous stretch of this species. Between-population variation for the cone and seed characteristics was found to be very small as it ranged from 0 per cent to 26 per cent, depending upon the trait. The remaining 74 per cent or more of the variation in these characters was due to the between-tree within-population and the within-tree components. The study showed that if seed collectors are interested in cones of greater weight or length, they should search for trees possessing such cone or seed characteristics within their own planting region, rather than trying to find specific populations for such characteristics outside their planting region, because much of the variation in these traits is accounted for by differences between trees, rather than between populations. Else, they should search for desired stands in distantly located populations or in populations separated by some geographic barrier.

Full Text

     

Ranjana Gupta , Shivendu K. Srivastava , A. K. Mahendra , Ira Pundir , Dinesh Kumar

Abstract

Joint Forest Management or Participatory Forest Management (PFM) got its formal shape in the year 1990. A need has arisen to evaluate the impact of this new management tool. A study was taken up in Kodsi and Talaichittor villages of Dehra Dun District to assess the impact of PFM on the socio-economic development of rural people and to identify the prime ingredients of PFM programme responsible for bringing about the desired changes. It was observed that the household income has considerably increased due to alternative job opportunities, agricultural production has increased, there is reduction in distance travelled and time spent for fuel wood and fodder collection, village women are now financially empowered, and institution building has paved the way for sustainability of the whole process.

Full Text

     

N. B. Singh , Dinesh Kumar , G. S. Rawat , R. K. Gupta

Abstract

In order to maximise the chances of inter-population and intra-population open-pollination in Populus deltoides, a breeding orchard has been established at Forest Research Institute, Dehra Dun. The orchard will also provide reproductive buds for undertaking control-pollination among promising clones of this species. Seventeen female clones and 25 male clones have been planted in the orchard. Eight outstanding clones, which are yet to manifest their sex, have also been included in the orchard.

Full Text

     

N. B. Singh , Dinesh Kumar , G. S. Rawat , R. K. Gupta , K. Singh , S. S. Negi

Abstract

Clonal performance of the 50 promising clones of Populus deltoides, developed within and outside the country, has been statistically analysed at one third of the commercial rotation for six growth parameters viz. survival percentage, plant height, diameter, crown diameter, number of branches and volume. Genotypic and phenotypic coefficient of variation, broad sense heritability on individual plant basis, clone means basis and genetic gains have been worked out for all six growth parameters. Higher heritability was observed in diameter than plant height. Maximum heritability was well as genetic gain were obtained in volume. 30.28% expected genetic gain is achieved from selecting the 10% of 50 clones, i.e. 5 best clones namely 40-N, UDH-9116, 25-N, 63-N and UDH-1002.

Full Text

     

Dinesh Kumar , Pawan Kumar , Pradeep Kumar

Abstract

The decomposition of Poplar leaf litter is very slow; this has detrimental physical effect on wheat intercrop. Survival and yield of late-sown variety of intercropped wheat were significantly increased by weekly removal of Poplar leaflitter in four-year-old block plantation of Poplar raised at 5m x 4m spacing. However, despite removal of leaf litter at such frequent intervals, yield of intercropped wheat crop is quite low in comparison with open field. Alternative R&D options for reducing the harmful physical effect of Poplar leaf fall on wheat crop have been suggested.

Full Text

     

R. K. Gupta , Kadam Singh , Dinesh Kumar , Y. K. Srivastata , N. B. Singh

Abstract

No abstract

Full Text

     

Dinesh Kumar , Shivendu K. Srivastava , Surender Singh Negi , Pradeep Kumar

Abstract

The conventional practice of extracting seeds from cones of P. roxburghii consists in drying of cones in the sun. This process takes about three weeks. A new technique has been developed which achieves seed extraction in four days. The new techniques involves soaking of cones in water for 10 minutes followed by drying at 60 ° C for 11:50 hours and then shaking for few seconds every day. The technique did not show any adverse effect on seed germination. Further studies are in progress to adapt this technique so as to eliminate the need of kilns for practical application in forest nurseries.

Full Text

     

Kshitij Malhotra , Dinesh Kumar , Vidya Dhar Pandey

Abstract

Nine fruit morphological traits were studied in ten stands of Jatropha curcas sp well as at tree level. Significant differences werefound among stands for fruit length, fruit diameter, pericarp weight per fruit, seed: fruit weight ratio, kernel: fruit weight ratio and pericarp: fruit weight ratio traits while all morphological traits showed significant differences among trees within stands. The estimation of the variance components, however, revealed that the fruit traits, especially weight traits viz. fruit weight, total seed weight per fruit and total kernel weight per fruit have negligible contribution from stands and small contribution from trees.Maximum variationwas found among fruits within trees (i.e.at fruit levelorerror).Pericarp weight per fruit and fruit ratio traits (i.e. seed: fruit weight ratio, kernel: fruit weight ratio and pericarp: fruit weight ratio) were affected to small extent by stand per se. The repeatability of all fruit traits at tree level were also low to moderate (0.105 to 0.278).

Keywords

Jatropha curcas, Fruit Morphological Traits, Variance Components, Repeatability

Full Text

     

Fatima Shirin , Dinesh Kumar , Leon Pederick

Abstract

The results of analysis of variance for specific gravity and ring width between three clones of Pinus radiata selected in eleven individual trees of thirty years of age in a plantation are reported.

Full Text

     

Dinesh Kumar , N. B. Singh , G. S. Rawat , Shivendu Srivastava

Abstract

Progress made in India about introduction and further improvement of P. deltoides is reviewed. Out of the hundreds of clones of P. deltoides introduced in India over the past four decades, only 3 to 4 clones (out of which 2 to 3 originated from the same geographical area) are widely grown by farmers in their agroforestry plantations in the plains of western Uttar Pradesh, Haryana and Punjab. In order to undertake multilocation trials ofa greater number of promising clones, 108 clones have been ranked on the basis of their field performance in two trials. Several clones rank higher than G-3 (which is presently one of the most popular clones of this species in India) and they need to be tested in field trials at multiple sites allover the poplar-growing region of the country. Germplasm of P. deltoides presently available in India comes from only about 25 per cent of the native range of this species in the U.S.A. Introduction of more germplasm from wild stands in the U.S.A is suggested. Some clones from open-pollinated progeny of G-48 and G-3 have been developed in the past few years, but open-pollinated progeny cannot be used in long-term breeding programme. Need to start control-pollination work using appropriate mating design has also been emphasised. This review has provided the basis for development of an All-India Coordinated Project for Improvement of Poplar to be executed by Forest Research Institute, Dehra Dun in collaboration with the research units of State Forest Departments and universities.

Full Text

     

N. B. Singh , Dinesh Kumar , G. S. Rawat , Shivendu K. Shrivastava

Abstract

A coordinated, multi-organisational strategy for research, development and dissemination of improved clones of P. deltoides has been developed and discussed in this paper. The programme has been initiated by research groups of various research institutes, universities and Uttar Pradesh State Forest Department under the technical guidance and coordination of the Chief Technical Advisor (CTA) and Associate CTA for Poplar. The programme envisages carrying out of multilocation clonal trials of promising clones identified to be existing in the country. A breeding programme for control pollination ofthe promising clones using 4 × 4 assortative mating design has also been launched. Seed from 104 candidate plus trees of P. deltoides from 44 wild stands in 11 States of South-eastern USA has been obtained in pursuit of this strategy. Clones will be developed at FRI from the seeds of control pollination and introduction from the U.S.A. These clones will also be tested at multiple sites under the All-India Coordinated Poplar Improvement Programme. A 10-year action for FRI and all other coordinating research units has also been prepared.

Full Text

     

L. Thankamma , J. Madhavan , A. D. Deo , Dinesh Kumar

Abstract

Brush on application of Emulsicop is highly effective in pink disease management on E terericornis in Kerala. As a prophylaxis, this method is a novel venture in India.

Full Text

     

Dinesh Kumar , Sujan Singh , H. S. Thapar , B. M. Misra

Abstract

Effect of different levels of N, P, & K on mycorrhizal development in 7 month old chir pine seedlings raised on acid washed sand was determined. Inoculations were done with active and washed mycorrhizal ischolar_mains when seedlings were two months old. Best results were obtained in ½ normal NPK (corresponding to 65 ppm N & P and 19.5 ppm K). Infection was good in ¼ normal NPK and in treatments containing N, K (normal) but without P and moderate in 2 normal P &in treatment where N was absent. Variations in dry weights of seedlings in different treatments were not statistically significant. Mycorrhizal fungi were generally active in inoculum or on ischolar_mains of seedlings as ectotrophic growth or both throughout the experiment. Experiments were conducted on sand culture so that these results may provide a supporting base for further nursery bed experiments to prescribe an optimum fertilizer dosage for both mycorrhiza and the host plant.

Full Text

     

Dinesh Kumar , H. S. Thapar

Abstract

The utilization of sugars by two isolates of Cenococcum graniforme, a mycorrhizal fungus, was studied chromatographically. Whereas kail isolate (K 1) had preference for glucose and related compounds, deodar isolate (D 1) preferred fructose and fructose oriented compounds. Maltose and sucrose were utilized by indirect pathway by these fungi. Raffinose and starch were not hydrolysed. Utilization of maltose by K1 was slowed down in the presence of sucrose but enhanced in preseace of xylose.

Full Text

     

B. K. Bakshi , Dinesh Kumar

Abstract

In forest trees, most absorbing ischolar_mains are invaded by specific non-pathogenic soil fungi forming composite structures called mycorrhizae. Physiologically, the mycorrhizae represent a case of symbiosis. These associations are broadly classified as ectotrophic, endotrophic and ectendotrophic. In forest trees, ectotrophic mycorrhizae occur in Pinus, Picea, Abies, Cedrus, Eucalyptus, Populus and Salix among others; whereas endotrophic mycorrhizae are recorded in Taxus, Podocarpus, Cupressus and Araucaria among others. Ectendotrophic type is found on beech, lodgepole pine and ponderosa pine. The fungal symbionts of ectotrophic type belong mostly to Basidiomycetes and that of endotrophic type to Phycomycetes. Most of these fungi are ecologically obligate parasites; probably, they cannot survive in soil in the absence of host ischolar_mains. Mycorrhizal development is favoured under strong sunlight, adequate soil moisture, aerated and acid soils and low levels of soil fertility. Their development is retarded when conditions are otherwise.Mycorrhizae have been shown to be beneficial to tree growth as they are more efficient than non-mycorrhizal ischolar_mains in absorbing minerals in short supply. In addition, they expose a much larger total absorbing surface. This makes their presence obligatory for growth and survival of forest trees, especially exotics, under certain conditions as shown from experiences of planting failures due to lack of mycorrhiza in many countries. With large scale introduction of exotics in India, mycorrhiza is likely to play a dominant role in their establishment. When plants fail to develop mycorrhiza naturally, it may be necessary to introduce mycorrhiza for success of the species.

Full Text

     

N. B. Singh , Dinesh Kumar , Rajesh K. Gupta , Pradeep Kumar , Kadam Singh

Abstract

A study was made to compare the 1½ years performance of seedlings belonging to Eastern Gulf (EG), East central (EC) and Southeast Atlantic (SA) sub-regions of South-eastern USA. The collar diameters were in the order of SA>EG>EC. Variation among stands was significant for collar diameter and number of branches per metre of stem length. About 14700 seedlings belonging to 66 control-pollinated families and 5000 seedlings belonging to 20 open-pollinated families have been produced. Selection and cloning of promising genotypes was done. Testing of clones is in progress.

Keywords

Populus deltoides, Provenance, Intra Specific Breeding

Full Text

     

Kshitij Malhotra , Vidyadhar Pandey , Dinesh Kumar

Abstract

Seed germination traits i.e. germination percent, germination value and germination energy in laboratory and nursery conditions were evaluated for 97 accessions of Jatropha curcas belonging to 10 stands in Uttarakhand. On the basis of all seed germination traits tree T1 of stand S6 and tree T1 of stand S8 were best. Stand S3, which was not the best stand for germination percentage on the basis of stand level analysis, had three trees showing 86 percent laboratory germination on par with the trees having the highest germination percent (87.5%) in the study at tree level. High heritability (77%) and moderate genetic gain (21%) were recorded at stand level for germination percent at 5% selection intensity. The expression of germination traits was usually higher under laboratory than under nursery conditions. It was suggested that the collection of seeds for germination purpose should be done by taking individual tree as a unit ratherthan taking standas unit of collection.

Keywords

Jatropha Curcas, Germination, Variation, Seed Source, Heritability.

Full Text

     

Arjun Prasad Bastola ¹, Dinesh Kumar ²

Affiliations
1 Institute of Forestry, Tribhuvan University, Nepal, NP
2 Silviculture Division, Forest Research Institute, Dehradun, India, IN

Abstract

Fodder trees, Ficus semichordata has high feeding value and is regarded as one of the most popular fodder trees for feeding livestock in mid-hills of Nepal. If the amount of fodder biomass yield could be estimated, systematic feeding system could be developed accordingly. Linear regression equations were developed for fodder biomass of F. semichordata tree, expressed as a function of easily measured parameters such as diameter at breast height, crown diameter and tree height. Individual tree distance-independent models were used as most fodder tree species are managed on an individual tree basis. Data were collected from experimental plots established in the farmers' farmland in Kaski district of Nepal. Aspect specific equations were developed at first as the plots were established on four different aspects. The single variable SD<SUB>1.37m</SUB> i.e. stemdiameter at 1.37m height from base best predicted the TFFW i.e. 1.37m 2 2 total fresh fodder biomass (R<SUP>2</SUP> > 0.90, S.E. < 3.30) and EODFW i.e. oven dry fodder biomass (R<SUP>2</SUP> > 0.87, S.E. < 1.42) in all the four aspects. Inclusion of additional variables increased multicollinearity beyond the acceptable range. Inclusion of 2 crown diameter data in the model brought about slight improvement in the performance of the model (R<SUP>2</SUP> > 0.97, S.E. < 2 2 for fresh fodder and R<SUP>2</SUP> > 0.93, S.E. < 1 for oven dry fodder) but the condition index was more than 18 and 20. The data 2 from all the aspects were pooled to develop the single regional model: TFFW = -12.279 + 2.672* SD<SUB>1.37m</SUB> (R<SUP>2</SUP> > 0.91, S.E. < 1.37m 2 3.30), the corresponding model for estimated oven dry fodder weight is EODFW = -3.789 + 0.853* SD<SUB>1.37m</SUB> (R<SUP>2</SUP> > 0.88, S.E. < 1.37m 1.22).

Keywords

Fodder Biomass, Farmland, Regression, Ficus semichordata, Nepal

Full Text