Observation and Analysis - the Sensing and Processing of the Research Design

Successful implementation of the stage of observation and analysis ensures the researcher to achieve the targeted goal of research. Observations made in a planned manner with a proper design of the study population, defined procedure of data/information collection and compilation would assist the researcher in utilizing the time, resources and effort in an efficient manner. It would further help the researcher in making a right choice of analysis. The researcher may select a method of analysis based on the number of variables (univariate, bivariate and multivariate), dimension along which data has been collected (time series, spatial analysis, cross section analysis) and the purpose, for example, if the researcher wants to study the qualities which differentiate variables then he/she can use discriminant analysis. If the researcher wants to have an estimate of the probability of events occurring then probability analysis may be used, if he wants to draw a relationship between variables then multiple regression analysis may be used, etc. Statistical analysis helps the researcher in interpreting his/her results in a more concise, clear and objective manner. Without proper analysis compiled data/information has no weightage and it becomes very difficult for the researcher to draw inferences. While making observations and conducting analysis it is very important that the researcher checks on the compatibility between the method of data collection and the method of analysis so that the net quality and integrity of the data and the final end results are not adversely affected. Hence, a clear plan of how observation and analysis be carried out would impart direction and focus to the research design.