Informatics Publishing Limited

Sandeep Sachdeva ¹, Utsuk Danah ², Ruchi Sachdeva ²

Affiliations
1 Dept. of Community Medicine, Pt ED. Sharma, PGIMS, Rohtak-124001, IN
2 Dept. of Respiratory Medicine, Pt ED. Sharma, PGIMS, Rohtak-124001, IN

Abstract

No Abstract.

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Bhanisha Verma ¹, Maninder Singh ², Priyanka Nian ³, Prabhjot Kaur ³, Sandeep Sachdeva ²

Affiliations
1 Electronics & Communication Engineering, Maharishi Markandeshwar University, Mullana, Ambala, Haryana, IN
2 Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Haryana Engineering College, Jagadhri, Haryana, IN
3 Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering, Maharishi Markandeshwar University, Mullana, Ambala, Haryana, IN

Abstract

Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX) is one of the most developing technology in modern wireless communication system for providing voice, data, video and multimedia services on mobile phones at high speeds, cheap rate & unwired transmission. The physical layer of WiMax emphasis on Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) signals. OFDM is a parallel transmission scheme, where a high – rate serial data stream is split up into a set of low – rate sub streams, each of which is modulated on a separate subcarrier. Increasing the number of parallel transmission reduces the data rate that each individual carrier must convey and that lengthens the symbol period. However, in OFDM, no frequency diversity is exploited to improve Bit Error Rate (BER) performance. Today’s OFDM systems attempt to overcome this limitation by application of channel coding and interleaving, which requires a reduction in throughput. OFDM uses different type of modulation and encoding schemes to improve BER performance. In this paper we study WiMax with OFDM transmission system and compared WiMax system by using different modulation schemes such as QAM and QPSK modulation and encoding schemes such as CRC and RS encoding schemes over multi-path fading channels at the cost of small increase in complexity.

Keywords

CRC Encoding, OFDM, RS Encoding, Wimax.

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Maninder Singh ¹, Prabhjot Kaur ², Sandeep Sachdeva ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Haryana Engineering College, Jagadhri, Haryana, IN
2 Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, M. M. University, Mullana, Haryana, IN

Abstract

Prior to the recent industry boom, the most common Ultra – Wide Band (UWB) system implementation is impulse radio, where ultra-short baseband pulses are used with a variety of modulation schemes to transfer data. Impulse radio has various advantages over OFDM, with its ability to penetrate through materials and resolve multipath with path length differences on the order of a foot or less. In present communication systems, increasing the number of users reduces the data rate that each individual carrier must convey and that lengthens the symbol period. However, in UWB, no frequency diversity is exploited to improve BER performance. Today’s UWB systems attempt to overcome this limitation by application of channel coding and interleaving, which requires a reduction in throughput. UWB uses different type of modulation schemes to improve BER performance. In this paper we analyze the performance of UWB system over multi-path fading channels at the cost of small increase in complexity.

Keywords

BER, CRC Encoding, RS Encoding and UWB System.

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Sandeep Sachdeva ¹, Maninder Singh ¹, Ajat Shatru Arora ², U. P. Singh ³

Affiliations
1 Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Haryana Engineering College, Jagadhri, Haryana, IN
2 D.A.V. Institute of Engineering and Technology, Jalandhar, Punjab, IN
3 Deaprtment of Electronics and Communication Engineering, JMIT, Radaur, Yamuna Nagar, Haryana, IN

Abstract

Today, it is very important for developed and developing countries to consume electricity more efficiently. Though developed countries do not want to waste electricity and developing countries cannot waste electricity. This leads to the concept – Load Forecasting. This paper is written for the short term load forecasting on daily basis, hourly or half – hourly basis or real time load forecasting. But as we move from daily to hourly basis of load forecasting the error of load forecasting increases. The analysis of this paper is done on previous year’s load data records of an Engineering College in India using the concept of fuzzy methods. The analysis has been done on Mamdani type membership functions and OFDM (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing) transmission scheme. To reduce the error of load forecasting Fuzzy method has been used with Artificial Network (ANN) and OFDM transmission is used to get data from outer world and send outputs to outer world accurately and quickly. The error has been reduced to a considerable level in the range of 2-3%. For further reducing the error
Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) can be used with Reed-Solomon (RS) encoding. Further studies are going on with Fuzzy Regression methods to reduce the error more.

Keywords

ART Neural Network, Fuzzy Logic, Load Forecasting OFDM.

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Shilpa Gupta ¹, Pooja Kaushik ¹, Sandeep Sachdeva ²

Affiliations
1 Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, M. M. Engineering College, Mullana, Ambala, Haryana, IN
2 Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Haryana Engineering College, Jagadhri, Haryana, IN

Abstract

Brightness is one of the characteristics of colour image to specify its visual information. Features of the image are enhanced so that the result so produced can be used for specific application. The theory of fuzzy sets have been applied to enhance the brightness of a colour image. The RGB colour model is not suitable for enhancement as the colour components are not decoupled. So, HSV model is used. By increasing the value of V, the brightness increases. The different membership functions i.e. triangular, trapezoidal, Gaussian and bell shaped have been applied to the V and results are compared and analyzed so as to produce brighten colour image.

Keywords

Brightness, HSV Model, Membership Functions.

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