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T. Ratna Kumari ¹, M. Vidyavathi ¹, S. Asha ¹, K. V. S. R. G. Prasad ¹

Affiliations
1 Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology, Sri Padmavati Mahila Visvavidyalayam (Women's University), Tirupati - 517 502, Andhra Pradesh, IN

Abstract

The aim of the study was to develop a microbial model for synthesis of paracetamol metabolite for further pharmacological and toxicological studies. The metabolite of paracetamol in microbial cultures was identified, isolated and confirmed using fermentation techniques, Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) and High Pressure Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) followed by liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS). Among different organisms screened, Cunninghamella echinulata showed an extra peak at 5.1 min in HPLC compared to its controls indicating formation of a metabolite. The metabolite was further characterized by mass spectrometry and was found to be N-acetyl-p-benzoquinoneimine (NAPQI) which is a toxic metabolite. Cunninghamella echinulata was able to metabolize paracetamol to its toxic metabolite by N-hydroxylation and rearrangement similar to human beings. This study has developed a model to produce toxic metabolites of other similar drugs easily for further toxicological and pharmacological studies.

Keywords

Microbial Model, Metabolism, Paracetamol, N-Hydroxylation, NAPQI.

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D. Napoleon ¹, M. Praneesh ², S. Asha ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Computer Science, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, IN
2 Department of Computer Science, Sankara College of Science and Commerce, Coimbatore, IN

Abstract

Restoring the original image from blurred or degraded image due to motion blur, noise or camera misfocus has long been a challenging problem in digital imaging. Image restoration is thus a process of recovering the actual image from the degraded image. The purpose of the paper is to restore the blurred/degraded images using blind deconvolution algorithm with canny edge detector. The task of image deblurring is to deconvolute the degraded image with the point spread function (PSF) that describes the distortion. Firstly the original image is degraded using degradation model. It can be done by low pass filters like Gaussian filter or others to blur an image. The ringing effect at the edges of blurred image can be detected using Canny Edge Detection method. Blind deconvolution algorithm is applied to the blurred image where image recovery is performed with little or no prior knowledge of the degrading PSF. Also the penalized maximum likelihood Estimation Technique is used with blind deconvolution algorithm.

Keywords

Edge Detection, Deconvolution Algorithm, Image, Pixels.

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N. Durgadevi ¹, M. Sunitha ¹, S. Asha ¹, S. Guhan ¹, T. Ramachandran ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Sciences, Amrita School of Engineering, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Ettimadai - 641112, Coimbatore, IN

Abstract

In this work, the oxidation of methanol was carried out using Ni and Ni-Co alloy electrodeposited on stainless steel mesh substrate with a view to replace expensive and sensitive platinum and platinum alloy catalysts. The performance of electrode was assessed through cyclic voltammetry in alkaline media. The operating conditions of the electrode were optimized.

Keywords

Alkaline Medium, Catalyst, Electro Oxidation, Methanol, Ni/Ni-Co Alloy

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S. Asha ¹, P. Thirunavukkarasu ², S. Rajeshkumar ³

Affiliations
1 Department of Biochemistry, D.K.M. College for Women (Autonomous), Sainathapuram, Vellore, Vellore DT, Tamil Nadu- 632001, IN
2 Department of Biotechnology, Dr. M.G.R. Educational & Research University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, IN
3 School of Bio-Sciences and Technology (SBST), VIT University, Vellore-14, Tamil Nadu, IN

Abstract

A simple and eco-friendly method for the synthesis of green nanoparticles (NP's) using an aqueous extract of Mirabilis jalapa fresh leaves as bioreductant is reported.

Objectives: The present investigation is to synthesize silver nanoparticles using aqueous extract of plant Mirabilis jalapa and to evaluate its antibacterial activity using different bacterial species.

Methods: The particles were preliminarily confirmed by the change in colour. The prepared green nanoparticles were well characterized using UV-Vis spectroscopy and FTIR. The antibacterial activity of aqueous extract, silver nanoparticles and antibiotic control were carried by well diffusion method.

Result: The change in colour from colorless to brownish color indicates the formation of silver nanoparticle. The UV -Vis spectroscopy peak at 440 nm confirms the silver nanoparticles in the suspension. The FTIR spectrum of both plant extract and AgNPs also reveals the reduction. The phytoconstituents which were responsible for reduction are conformed through preliminary phytochemical analysis. The potential application of biosynthesized nanoparticles as an antibacterial agent against selected pathogens were evaluated by welldiffusion method. Except E.coli all other organisms showed sensitivity towards 20μl and 10 μl of AgNPs, measured from the zone of inhibition. Similarly control and aqueous extract showed some activity towards the tested organisms.

Conclusion: Thus the antibacterial findings provide strong evidence that the synthesized silver nanoparticles of Mirabilis jalapa were effective against human pathogens.

Keywords

Mirabilis jalapa, Green Synthesized Nanoparticles, Antibacterial Activity, Antibiotic.

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S. Asha ¹, P. C. Rajendran ¹

Affiliations
1 Centre for Plant Biotechnology and Molecular Biology, College of Horticulture, Kerala Agricultural University, Vellanikkara, Thrissur (Kerala), IN

Abstract

Black pepper (Piper nigrum L.), popular as ‘king of spices’ is one of the important export earning spice crop of India. One of the serious reasons causing the low productivity of black pepper during the last decades was the incidence of foot rot disease caused by the Phytophthora capsici in the pepper plantations of Kerala, the major pepper producer state in India. Since all the available cultivated varieties are susceptible to this disease, an attempt was done for utilising the disease resistance available in the related pepper species by adopting a different plant transformation approach. The in planta transformation via pollen tube pathway was done in the black pepper variety Panniyur-2, using the total exogenous DNA of Piper colubrinum , a wild relative species of Piper resistant to the dreaded foot rot disease caused by Phytophthora capsici. The resulting putative transformant seeds were germinated in vitro by embryo rescue technique. These germinated putative transformants were later subjected to in vitro multiplication, elongation and ischolar_maining. These cultures were screened in vitro in the ischolar_maining phase by incorporating the toxic culture filtrate of the pathogen P. capsici in the ischolar_maining media. The ischolar_mained putative transformant plantlets were hardened and screened artificially for disease tolerance under ex vitro conditions. The survived seedlings were planted out. The RAPD analysis of the plantlets with the decamer primers OPA 08 and OPG 08 have shown variation in banding pattern compared to the DNA recipient parent P. nigrum variety Panniyur-2.

Keywords

Black Pepper, Piper nigrum, Piper colubrinum, In planta Transformation, Pollen Tube Pathway Transformation, In vitro Germination, Embryo Rescue, Disease Screening, RAPD Analysis.

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