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- Riaz Mahmood
- Manamohan Maligeppagol
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A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z All
Asokan, R.
- Homology Modeling Deduced Tridimensional Structure of Novel Coleopteran Bacillus Thuringiensis Cry1ib8 Toxin and in Silicon Analysis
Abstract Views :542 |
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Authors
Affiliations
1 Bio-Pesticide Laboratory, Division of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Horticultural Research (IIHR), Hessarghatta Lake Post, Bangalore 560 089, IN
2 Bio-Pesticide laboratory (BPL), Division of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Horticultural Research (IIHR), Hessarghatta lake post, Bangalore 560 089, IN
3 2Post-Graduate Department of Studies and Research in Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Kuvempu University, Jnanasahayadri, Shankaraghatta, Shimoga 577451, Karnataka, IN
1 Bio-Pesticide Laboratory, Division of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Horticultural Research (IIHR), Hessarghatta Lake Post, Bangalore 560 089, IN
2 Bio-Pesticide laboratory (BPL), Division of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Horticultural Research (IIHR), Hessarghatta lake post, Bangalore 560 089, IN
3 2Post-Graduate Department of Studies and Research in Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Kuvempu University, Jnanasahayadri, Shankaraghatta, Shimoga 577451, Karnataka, IN
Source
Indian Journal of Biotechnology & Biochemistry, Vol 1, No 1 (2013), Pagination: 37-56Abstract
Cry1I toxins are particularly interesting from an agricultural perspective because of their wide host range. We presented 3D structural model of the novel Coleopteran active Cry1Ib8 δ-endotoxin obtained from native Bt strain using homology modeling. Cry1Ib8 share a common structure contains three flexible domains that participate in the formation of a pore and determine the receptor binding specificity. The pore-forming domain I is composed of residues 60-282. It consists of 10α-helices and two small β-strands. The identified helices and strands are as follows: α1 (E33-K35); α2a (N39-S46); α2b (S56-I60); α3 (Q61-T73); α4 (F78-L93); α5 (K98- V146); α6 (T152-F177); α7a (L185-W210); α7b (A214-L246); α8a (T280-V282); β0 (Q10-L12) and β1a (E182-P184). Domain II comprised of residues 287-487, two helix (α9 F322-A328; α10 P333- L339) and 10 β-strands (β2 T292-T297; β3 V342-S346; β4 M359- P369; β5- L374-N375; β6 T390-Q393; β7 V398-W404; β9 E453- N454; β10 S470-I479 and β11 A486-H493). Domain III is comprised of residues 507-644, has a three antiparallel-sheet sandwich structure present at downstream sites (α11a K655-F664; α13 E678-S690; α14 L697-R718 and α12a is absent) and shows highly conserved β residues. Understanding the mode of action of coleopteran-specific B. thuringiensis toxins through 3-D homology models will aid in the development of novel B. thuringiensis biopesticide with increased efficacy as well as in the development of resistance detection and management strategies.Keywords
3D Structure, Domains, Homology Modeling, Native Bt Strains
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- Development of Recombinant Cry3A Expressing Bacillus cereus Isolated from the Rhizosphere of Brinjal (Solanum melongena L.) in the Management of Ash Weevil (Myllocerus subfasciatus Guerin)
Abstract Views :279 |
PDF Views:119
Authors
Affiliations
1 Division of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Hessaraghatta Lake PO., Bangalore - 560 089, Karnataka, IN
1 Division of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Hessaraghatta Lake PO., Bangalore - 560 089, Karnataka, IN
Source
Journal of Biological Control, Vol 26, No 2 (2012), Pagination: 44-49Abstract
A predominant Bacillus cereus (BR145) was engineered to express Cry3A protein by electroporation from B. thuringiensis tenebrionis (Btt.) The rhizospheric survival of these Bacillus spp., was compared where survival of the former was better in the rhizosphere of brinjal than the latter. The efficacy of Cry3A protein obtained from the lysed cells of rBR145 and Btt were evaluated for toxicity against grubs and adult M. subfasciatus in pot and detached leaf bioassays, respectively. The toxicity of Cry3A protein produced from both the bacilli was on par.Keywords
Cry3A, Myllocerus subfasciatus, Bacillus cereus, Bacillus thuringiensis Ssp. Tenebrionis and Rhizosphere.Full Text
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- Enhanced Persistence of Insecticidal Crystal Proteins of Bacillus thuringiensis Subsp kurstaki by Transforming the Predominant Phyllosphere Bacterium, Bacillus megaterium
Abstract Views :216 |
PDF Views:114
Authors
Affiliations
1 Division of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Hessaraghatta Lake (PO), Bangalore, 560 089, Karnataka, IN
2 Monsanto Research Centre, # 44/2A, Vasanth's Business Park, Bellary Road, Bangalore - 560 092, IN
1 Division of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Hessaraghatta Lake (PO), Bangalore, 560 089, Karnataka, IN
2 Monsanto Research Centre, # 44/2A, Vasanth's Business Park, Bellary Road, Bangalore - 560 092, IN
Source
Journal of Biological Control, Vol 22, No 2 (2008), Pagination: 357-367Abstract
The insecticidal crystal proteins (ICP) of Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) have relatively short persistence when applied as foliar spray. The limited persistence of the ICP on the phyllosphere is mainly due to alkaline pH and UV radiation in the solar spectrum. In this regard, chemical adjutants, plant derived substances such as phenols and flavinoids have been employed to improve the persistence of the ICP. Alternatively, expression of ICP in a predominant phyllosphere bacterium has been shown to be useful in enhancing the persistence of the same. Therefore, Bacillus megaterium, a predominant phyllosphere bacterium of cabbage, was engineered to express the ICP of Bt subsp kurstaki (Btk) through conjugal transfer. A total of seven stable transformants, viz., A3, B3, C3, El, E2, E3 & F were obtained in the above. Among them, B3 was highly toxic to the important pests of cabbage, Plutella xylostella (0.36 ng/cm2) and Crocidoloutia binotalis (1.74 ng/cm2). Additionally, B3 had extended lysis (96 hours) and higher persistence (9 cfu/cm2) as compared to the rest of the transformants and Btk.Keywords
Bacillus thuringiensis, Subsp kurstaki, B. megaterium, Conjugation, Enhanced Persistence.Full Text
- Toxicity of Different Isolates of Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner to the Larvae of Diamondback Moth, Plutella xylostella (Linnaeus)
Abstract Views :204 |
PDF Views:127
Authors
R. Asokan
1,
Puttaswamy
1
Affiliations
1 Department of Entomology, University of Agricultural Sciences, GKVK, Bangalore-560065, Karnataka, IN
1 Department of Entomology, University of Agricultural Sciences, GKVK, Bangalore-560065, Karnataka, IN
Source
Journal of Biological Control, Vol 21, No 2 (2007), Pagination: 305-308Abstract
Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner (Bt) has been successfully employed in pest management programmes both in agriculture and public health. Efficient isolation methods and intensive screening have yielded novel isolates of Bt, more potent than the available ones. In the present study, LC50 values for 18 isolates of Bt obtained from different sources, viz. soil, leaf, seed dust and insect cadavers were determined on five-day-old larvae of P. xylostella. Among the 18 isolates (five, two and one from soil, insect cadavers and seed dust, respectively), were more toxic to the larvae of P. xylostella. The relative toxicity values for the above isolates ranged from 1.0 to 5.5 times as compared to the International standard, HD-1-S-1980. The more potent isolates could be used in developing sprayable formulations and also a source of novel crystal toxin genes.Keywords
Bacillus thuringiensis, Bioassay Studies, More Toxic Isolates.Full Text
- Partial Characterization of Novel Nematicidal Toxins from Bacillus cereus Frankland and Frankland 1887 and their Effect on Root-Knot Nematode, Meloidogyne incognita (Kofoid & White) Chitwood
Abstract Views :223 |
PDF Views:128
Authors
Affiliations
1 Biological Control, P. B. Ho. 2491, H. A. Farm Post, Bellary Road. Hebbal, Bangalore, 560 024, IN
2 Division of Entomology and Nematology, Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Hessaraghatta Lake P. O., Bangalore, 560 089, Karnataka, IN
3 Monsanto Research Centre, #44/2A. Vasants' Business Park, Bellary Road, Bangalore, 560 092, IN
1 Biological Control, P. B. Ho. 2491, H. A. Farm Post, Bellary Road. Hebbal, Bangalore, 560 024, IN
2 Division of Entomology and Nematology, Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Hessaraghatta Lake P. O., Bangalore, 560 089, Karnataka, IN
3 Monsanto Research Centre, #44/2A. Vasants' Business Park, Bellary Road, Bangalore, 560 092, IN
Source
Journal of Biological Control, Vol 19, No 1 (2005), Pagination: 65-70Abstract
Bacillus cereus isolated from the egg masses of ischolar_main-knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita from tomato rhizosphere was grown in casein-peptone soy meal peptone (CASO) broth for partial characterization of toxins from cell-free filtrates. Cell-free culture filtrates of B. cereus at 72 hours of growth and beyond, reduced egg hatching (90%) and caused 100 per cent mortality of juveniles in 4 hours of exposure, which coincided with the post-sporulation phase (72h) of the bacterial growth indicating profound toxicity during and after the sporulation phase. The native PAGE electrophoresis of the partially purified cell-free culture filtrates showed that 3 bands of ≈ 15, 40 and 60 kDa appeared in 72, 84 and 96 hours of growth, respectively, coinciding with post-sporulation phase of the bacterium.Keywords
Bacillus cereus, Meloidogyne incognita, Nematicidal Toxins, Partial Characterization.Full Text
- Isolation and Characterization of Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner from Soil, Leaf, Seed Dust and Insect Cadaver
Abstract Views :193 |
PDF Views:114
Authors
R. Asokan
1,
Puttaswamy
2
Affiliations
1 Division of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Hessaraghatta Lake (PO), Bangalore 560 089, IN
2 Department of Entomology, University of Agricultural Sciences GKVK, Bangalore 560 065, Karnataka, IN
1 Division of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Hessaraghatta Lake (PO), Bangalore 560 089, IN
2 Department of Entomology, University of Agricultural Sciences GKVK, Bangalore 560 065, Karnataka, IN
Source
Journal of Biological Control, Vol 21, No 1 (2007), Pagination: 83-90Abstract
Improved methods of isolation of Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) has resulted in the isolation of novel strains with new host range, increased toxicity over the existing isolates and as source of isolation of novel genes. The potent and novel genes of Bt such as vegetative inseeticidal proteins (Vip) and binary toxins are currently used for production of insect resistant transgenic plants. In the present investigation Bt has been isolated from the following sources viz., soil (19 out of 38 locations), leaf (one out of 12 samples), seed dust (two out of seven samples) and insect cadavers (two out of nine insect species). Average population of the Bt isolates varied from 0.24 × 103 cfu/g in soil; 0,04 cfu/cm2 in leaf; 0.09 × 102 cfu/g in seed dust and 1.38 × 105 cfu/larva in insect cadaver. As far as the number of Bt isolates obtained from different sources 28, one, two and two isolates were obtained from soil, leaf, seed dust&insect cadaver, respectively. Out of the total 33 isolates 18, 10 and five isolates produced bipyramidal, rhomboidal and spherical crystals, respectively. Preliminary toxicity studies showed that the 18 isolates that produced bipyramidal crystals were toxic to the five-day-old larvae of Plutella xylostella (Linnaeus). PCR screening of the above isolates using hemolysin specific primers showed that the objectionable exotoxin, hemolysin was present in only one isolate, DVu-1 obtained from the seed dust of Vigna unguiculata (Linnaeus).Keywords
Bacillus thuringiensis, Hemolysin, Isolation, Preliminary Toxicity, Types of Crystals.Full Text
- Experimental Investigation of Failure Mechanisms in GFRP Lap Joint Using Acoustic Emission
Abstract Views :181 |
PDF Views:2
Authors
Affiliations
1 Aeronautical Engineering Department, Hindustan University, Chennai, IN
2 Aeronautical Engineering Department, Madras Institute of Technology, Anna University, Chennai, IN
1 Aeronautical Engineering Department, Hindustan University, Chennai, IN
2 Aeronautical Engineering Department, Madras Institute of Technology, Anna University, Chennai, IN
Source
International Journal of Vehicle Structures and Systems, Vol 4, No 2 (2012), Pagination: 48-51Abstract
In this paper, Acoustic Emission (AE) based damage mode identification of Glass Fibre Reinforced Plastic (GFRP) lap joints is detailed using laboratory scale experiments. Bonded single lap joint specimens are fabricated from GFRP laminates. These specimens are subjected to tensile test with on-line AE monitoring. The study of failure mechanisms is facilitated by the choice of different oriented lap joint specimens in which one or two such mechanisms predominate. Range of peak frequencies in each orientation is investigated using frequency analysis. Fast Fourier Transforms enabled calculating the frequency content of each damage mechanism. Parametric plots are used to discriminate the different stages of occurrence of failure mechanism in lap joints. Results have shown that predominate of failure modes in each orientation is used as a key in the study of discrimination of failure modes from AE data in lap joints.Keywords
Composites, GFRP, Lap Joint, Acoustic Emission, Failure Modes.- Performance Analysis of Quality of Service Enabled Temporally Ordered Routing Algorithm Using Ant Colony Optimization in Mobile Ad Hoc Networks
Abstract Views :183 |
PDF Views:2
Authors
R. Asokan
1,
A. M. Natarajan
2
Affiliations
1 Electronics and Communication Engineering Department, Kongu Engineering College, Perundurai, Erode, Tamilnadu, IN
2 Bannari Amman Institute of Technology, Sathiyamangalam, Tamilnadu, IN
1 Electronics and Communication Engineering Department, Kongu Engineering College, Perundurai, Erode, Tamilnadu, IN
2 Bannari Amman Institute of Technology, Sathiyamangalam, Tamilnadu, IN
Source
Journal of Advances in Engineering Sciences, Vol 2, No 1 (2009), Pagination: 11-18Abstract
Mobile Ad hoc NETworks (MANETs) are collection of mobile hosts dynamically forming a temporary network without the aid of any existing infrastructure or centralized control. Quality of Service (QoS) support for MANET is a challenging task due to the dynamic topology and limited resources. Routing in MANET depends on intermediate nodes. The existing QoS based routing solutions for MANET involves with single metric or two metrics. It is important that MANETs should provide QoS support routing such as acceptable delay, jitter and energy in case of multimedia and real time applications. The metrics selection can be from additive or multiplicative or concave or combination of the above. This paper proposes a QoS enabled Temporally Ordered Routing Algorithm (TORA) protocol using Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) called AntTORA. ACO technique is used in this protocol to optimize multiple QoS routing metrics like delay, jitter and energy. Ant-like agents are used in this algorithm to discover and maintain paths with the specified QoS requirements. The performance of TORA and AntTORA are analyzed using network simulator-2. AntTORA produces better performance than TORA in the terms of end-to-end delay, energy, jitter and throughput.Keywords
Mobile Ad Hoc Network, Routing, QoS, TORA and AntTORA.- Cytochrome P450 Isoforms Transcriptional, Larval Growth and Development Responses to Host Allelochemicals in the Generalist Herbivore, Helicoverpa armigera (Hubner) (Lepidoptera:Noctuidae)
Abstract Views :221 |
PDF Views:82
Authors
Affiliations
1 Division of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Hesaraghatta Lake (PO), Bengaluru 560 089, IN
2 Department of Biotechnology, St Martin’s Engineering College, Dulapally, Secunderabad 500 014, IN
1 Division of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Hesaraghatta Lake (PO), Bengaluru 560 089, IN
2 Department of Biotechnology, St Martin’s Engineering College, Dulapally, Secunderabad 500 014, IN
Source
Current Science, Vol 111, No 5 (2016), Pagination: 901-906Abstract
Helicoverpa armigera (Hubner) is a polyphagous pest causing severe yield loss in many important crops. Host plants produce allelochemicals to deter insect pests and in response, insects deploy cytochrome P450 monooxygenases (P450s) to detoxify allelochemicals. Understanding the response of P450s to allelochemical exposure is key to effective pest management. We studied the response of seven H. armigera P450 isoforms to different concentrations of three allelochemi-cals (gossypol, tomatine and xanthotoxin) and their effects on insect growth and survival. Allelochemicals strongly induced overexpression of some P450s. CYP6AE14 exhibited the highest overexpression in gossypol treatment. CYP6AE14 and CYP6B7 exhibited higher overexpression in xanthotoxin treatment and CYP6B7 showed the highest overexpression in tomatine treatment. Overall, CYP6AE14 and CYP6B7 were induced by all three allelochemicals. Higher (0.5 and 1.0 μg) concentrations of allelochemicals caused significant larval growth retardation. Interestingly, gossypol showed a hormetic effect, i.e. larval weight was approximately 10% higher at lower (0.025 μg) concentration. Highest larval mortality (53%) was observed in tomatine treatment. These findings would help in identifying suitable P450 isoforms in the management of H. armigera.Keywords
Allelochemicals, Cytochrome P450 Isoforms, Helicoverpa armigera, Pest Management, Real-Time PCR.Full Text
- Effects of Growth Regulators and Explant-Type on Agrobacterium-Mediated Transformation in Brinjal (Solanum melongena L.) cv. Manjarigota
Abstract Views :208 |
PDF Views:108
Authors
D. P. Prakash
1,
B. S. Deepali
1,
R. Asokan
1,
Y. L. Ramachandra
2,
Lalitha Anand
1,
Vageeshbabu S. Hanur
1
Affiliations
1 Division of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Hesaraghatta Lake Post, Bangalore - 560 089, IN
2 Department of Biotechnology, Kuvempu University, Shankaraghatta, Shimoga, IN
1 Division of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Hesaraghatta Lake Post, Bangalore - 560 089, IN
2 Department of Biotechnology, Kuvempu University, Shankaraghatta, Shimoga, IN
Source
Journal of Horticultural Sciences, Vol 2, No 2 (2007), Pagination: 94-98Abstract
Effects of growth regulators and type of explants on transformation and in vitro morphogenetic responses of brinjal cv. Manjarigota were studied. Both hypocotyl and cotyledonary explants showed marked influence on in vitro morphogenetic responses after Agrobacterium co-cultivation. Hypocotyl explants showed callus initiation and regeneration responses earlier than cotyledonary leaves. Hypocotyl explants were found to be better than cotyledonary leaf explants in regenerating shoots after Agrobacterium co-cultivation. There was delay and reduction in both callus and regeneration responses in Agrobacterium co-cultivated explants. Hypocotyl explants showed the highest regeneration response on MS medium containing 2 μM BAP and 0.05 μM NAA while cotyledonary leaves did not show regeneration response after Agrobacterium co-cultivation. However, they showed green buds on MS medium containing 10 μM BAP and 1 μM NAA, which could not differentiate into shoots. Overall, hypocotyl explants were found better in regenerating shoots after Agrobacterium co-cultivation.Keywords
Growth Regulators, Explant, Brinjal, Transformation.Full Text
- Effect of Antibiotics and Gelling Agents in Transformation of Brinjal (Solanum melongena L.) cv. Manjarigota
Abstract Views :225 |
PDF Views:112
Authors
D. P. Prakash
1,
B. S. Deepali
1,
R. Asokan
1,
Y. L. Ramachandra
2,
Lalitha Anand
1,
Vageeshbabu S. Hanur
1
Affiliations
1 Division of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Hessaraghatta Lake Post, Bangalore – 560 089, IN
2 Department of Biotechnology, Kuvempu University, Shankaraghatta, Shimoga, IN
1 Division of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Hessaraghatta Lake Post, Bangalore – 560 089, IN
2 Department of Biotechnology, Kuvempu University, Shankaraghatta, Shimoga, IN
Source
Journal of Horticultural Sciences, Vol 2, No 1 (2007), Pagination: 19-25Abstract
A study was conducted to find out the effect of antibiotics and gelling agents on Agrobacterium-mediated transformation using hypocotyl explants of brinjal cv. Manjarigota. Hypocotyl explants of brinjal were found to be sensitive even to the lowest level of kanamycin (25 mg/l) tested. Explants that showed increased callus initiation and regeneration response upon cocultivation with Agrobacterium and on kanamycin at 100 mg/l were selected as this indicated a highly effective selection pressure. Cefotaxime did not affect regeneration response and at 500 mg/l, it effectively inhibited Agrobacterium overgrowth completely on Agrobacterium cocultivated hypocotyl explants. There were marked differences in regeneration response in hypocotyl explants cultured on medium solidified with various gelling agents indicating the influence of gelling agent on the activity of kanamycin in culture medium, which indirectly affects selection and recovery of transformants. Antibiotics and gelling agents could therefore affect, directly or indirectly, transformation of brinjal cv. Manjarigota.Keywords
Solanum melongena, Kanamycin, Cefotaxime, Gelling Agents, Transformation.Full Text
- Synergistic Use of Hypocotyl Explants and High Bap Preconditioning for Enhanced Transformation Frequency in Brinjal (Solanum melongena L.)
Abstract Views :214 |
PDF Views:112
Authors
Vageeshbabu S. Hanur
1,
D. P. Prakash
1,
B. S. Deepali
1,
R. Asokan
1,
Y. L. Ramachandra
2,
Riaz Mahmood
2,
Lalitha Anand
1
Affiliations
1 Division of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Hessaraghatta Lake Post, Bangalore 560 089, IN
2 Department of Biotechnology, Kuvempu University, Shankaraghatta, Shimoga, IN
1 Division of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Hessaraghatta Lake Post, Bangalore 560 089, IN
2 Department of Biotechnology, Kuvempu University, Shankaraghatta, Shimoga, IN
Source
Journal of Horticultural Sciences, Vol 1, No 2 (2006), Pagination: 116-119Abstract
Poor regeneration is one of the limiting factors in the development of transgenic crops since Agrobacterium as a plant pathogen can disturb the fragile in vitro conditions with wounding and infection regimes. We have tried to optimize the transformation system in two important varieties of brinjal after Agrobacterium infection to the explants. The effect of explant was studied and hypocotyls were found to be better than cotyledonary leaves. High BAP during the preconditioning period was found to further enhance the regeneration rate. Therefore, use of hypocotyls and high BAP during preconditioning can improve the regeneration of transformed cells and recovery of transformants in vegetables especially brinjal.Keywords
Solanum melongena, Transformation, Hypocotyl, BAP, Preconditioning.Full Text
- Comparative Toxicity of Two Isolates of Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner from Plutella xylostella L. and Papilio demoleus L. to some Important Lepidopteran Pests of Horticultural Crops
Abstract Views :175 |
PDF Views:94
Authors
R. Asokan
1,
Puttaswamy
2
Affiliations
1 Division of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Hessaraghatta Lake (PO), Bangalore – 560 089, IN
2 Department of Entomology, University of Agricultural Sciences, G. K. V. K., Bangalore – 560 065, IN
1 Division of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Hessaraghatta Lake (PO), Bangalore – 560 089, IN
2 Department of Entomology, University of Agricultural Sciences, G. K. V. K., Bangalore – 560 065, IN
Source
Journal of Horticultural Sciences, Vol 2, No 1 (2007), Pagination: 71-72Abstract
Toxicity of two isolates of Bacillus thuringiensis viz. KPx-1 and IPd-1 isolated from diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella (Lepidoptera: Yponomeutidae), and citrus butterfly, Papilio demoleus (Lepidoptera: Papilionidae), were tested against cabbage leaf webber, Crocidolomia binotalis, hairy caterpillar, Diacrisia obliqua and tomato fruit borer, Helicoverpa armigera. Among these, C. binotalis was highly susceptible (28.4 and 26.0 ng/cm2, for KPx-1 and IPd-1, respectively), while, H. armigera was the least susceptible (9.5 and 10.0 μg/ml, for KPx-1 and IPd-1, respectively).Keywords
Bacillus thuringiensis, Isolates, Toxicity.Full Text
- Role Of Transportation In Tourism Industry In Sikkim State, India
Abstract Views :125 |
PDF Views:2
Authors
Source
International Journal of Innovative Research and Development, Vol 2, No 6 (2013), Pagination:Abstract
The purpose of this paper is to examine the role of transportation in development of tourism industry in Sikkim state, India. Further, this study analyses the tourist inflow and the means of tourism transport in Sikkim state. This study is based on secondary data. Data have been taken from the Tourism Department and Transport department, Government of Sikkim. Simple percentage and multi-average growth rate have been used to have a comparative study of tourists’ inflows and increasing taxis in Sikkim. Further, Pearson correlation has been used to test the hypothesis. It is found that the taxis are used as a means of tourism transport in Sikkim. The number of registered tourists’ transport is increasing every year in Sikkim along with the inflows of tourists in the state but not in same rate. It was observed that an average annual growth percentage rate of tourists’ inflow is 12.76 percent and for taxis is 4.67 percent. The paper is limited to the study of road-transport and tourism in Sikkim. Since, taxis are the main mode of tourist transport, only the total number of taxis and its average annual growth rate is compared with the average growth rate of tourists in Sikkim. The percenatge rate of increase in taxis should increase equally to percentage increase in tourists inflows to meet the demand of tourism transport in the future. To meet the increasing demand of tourism transport, Government and stakeholders should give more focus on the improvement of tourism transport in state.
Keywords
Transportation, tourism transport, road transport, taxis, SikkimFull Text
- Effect of Intra-Ply Hybridization of Carbon-Aramid/Epoxy Laminates under Tension-Tension Fatigue Loading
Abstract Views :221 |
PDF Views:105
Authors
Affiliations
1 School of Aeronautical Sci., Hindustan Institute of Tech. and Sci., Chennai, IN
1 School of Aeronautical Sci., Hindustan Institute of Tech. and Sci., Chennai, IN
Source
International Journal of Vehicle Structures and Systems, Vol 10, No 6 (2018), Pagination: 384-388Abstract
The objective of the research is to investigate the fatigue life of intra-ply hybrid Carbon-Aramid laminate with Epoxy resin in on-axis and off-axis directions. Three different off-axis angles of 15°, 30° and 45° were considered for the present work. The intra-ply hybridization is used to combine the superior mechanical properties of Carbon fibre with excellent elongation-to-failure property of Aramid fibre in the same lamina. The fatigue test was performed using load control using a frequency of 5Hz. The fatigue behaviour was studied for Carbon/Epoxy, Aramid/Epoxy, Carbon-Aramid/Epoxy, Carbon-Aramid/Epoxy - 15°, Carbon-Aramid/Epoxy - 30° and Carbon-Aramid/Epoxy - 45° with the stress ratio of R = 0.1. The ultimate tensile strength decreases progressively for Carbon/Epoxy, Carbon-Aramid/Epoxy, Aramid/Epoxy, Carbon-Aramid/Epoxy - 15°, Carbon-Aramid/Epoxy - 30° and Carbon-Aramid/Epoxy - 45°. The effect of off-axis loading indicates that the increase of fibre angle influences the decrease in tensile strength and fatigue life.Keywords
Lamina, Carbon-Aramid Reinforced Epoxy, Interlaced, Fatigue Life, Intra-Ply.Full Text
References
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- Efficacy of Integrated Pest Management Tools Evaluated against Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) on Tomato in India
Abstract Views :321 |
PDF Views:178
Authors
Affiliations
1 Division of Entomology and Nematology, ICAR-Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Bengaluru – 560089, Karnataka, IN
1 Division of Entomology and Nematology, ICAR-Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Bengaluru – 560089, Karnataka, IN
Source
Journal of Biological Control, Vol 33, No 3 (2019), Pagination: 264-270Abstract
South American tomato moth, Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) is an invasive pest on tomato and other solanaceous crops. In general, 20 to 30 % yield loss is caused by this pest and sometimes it may result in 100% damage, if timely management interventions are not followed. Though the pest was reported in India during 2014, presently it has spread to several tomato growing states. In the present study various IPM tools have been evaluated against this pest. As a long-term strategy of resistance breeding, genotype screening was carried out for identification of resistance sources from wild and cultivated tomato genotypes showing resistance/tolerance against T. absoluta. Among the evaluated wild and cultivated tomato genotypes, Solanum pennellii (Accession, LA 1940) was identified as a resistant source against T. absoluta both under choice and no-choice bioassays and is being used for resistance breeding. Various entomopathogens (Bacillus thuringiensis, Metarhizium anisopliae, Beauveria bassiana and M. rileyi), egg parasitoids (Trichogramma chilonis, T. pretiosum and Trichogrammatoidea bactrae), light traps, pheromone traps, synthetic insecticides, botanical origin insecticides were also evaluated for their relative efficacy. Among the egg parasitoids T. pretiosum and among synthetic chemicals, spinetoram 12 SC@ 1.25ml/l were found very effective for the management of T. absoluta. Yellow light traps were found as an effective component for integrated management of T. absoluta. Azadirachtin 5% EC at the tested concentrations showed highest mean radial growth (24.67 mm) with relatively less inhibition (16.51%) of M. anisopliae indicating these combinations can be effectively utilised in the eco-friendly management of T. absoluta. We reported natural incidence of M. anisopliae on T. absoluta larvae, causing up to 35 per cent mortality during 2016-17.
Keywords
Entomopathogens, Host Plant Resistance, IPM, Light Traps, Pheromone Traps, Tuta absoluta.Full Text
References
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- Application of Genome Editing In Entomology
Abstract Views :113 |
PDF Views:68
Authors
R. Asokan
1,
Anil Rai
2,
Sangeetha Dash
1,
M. Manamohan
1,
K. Ashok
1,
C. N. Bhargava
1,
Rohan Wishard
1,
Sanjay Kumar Pradhan
1,
M. S. Parvathy
1
Affiliations
1 ICAR-Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Hesaraghatta Lake (PO), Bengaluru 560089, Karnataka, IN
2 ICAR-Indian Agricultural Statistics Research Institute, New Delhi 110012, IN
1 ICAR-Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Hesaraghatta Lake (PO), Bengaluru 560089, Karnataka, IN
2 ICAR-Indian Agricultural Statistics Research Institute, New Delhi 110012, IN
Source
Indian Journal of Entomology, Vol 84, No S1 (2022), Pagination: 96-103Abstract
Genome editing mediated by programmable CRISPR/Cas system is a new, emerging technology that holds greater potential in developing genetic pest management strategies via precision guided sterile insect technique; genetic improvement of pollinators, natural enemies etc. The seemingly innocuous prokaryotic immunity has now been translated into a mammoth site specific editing technology for its use in medical, agricultural, diagnostic fields etc. Until recently most of the genome editing work was dependent on RNA directed site specific cleavage by Cas9 enzyme followed by error prone, non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) resulting in random mutations. Later development of improved editing systems like base editor and prime editor have enabled obtaining site-specific, pre determined mutations without a double stranded break. Similarly many engineered Cas9 variants and other Cas proteins belonging to different class and types such as Cas3, Cas12a, Cas13a have improved the existing editing tool box. Currently efforts are being made to design and implement suitable gene drive methods for various pests such as spotted wing Drosophila, Drosophila suzukii Matsumura, Diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella (Linnaeus) , many species mosquito, Med fly, Ceratitis capitata Wiedem etc..Keywords
CRISPR/Cas systems, genome editing, double strand break, guide RNA, gene knockout, insect pest management, PAM sequence, non-homologous pairingFull Text
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