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G. C. Satisha ¹, Prakash Patil ¹, A. M. Shirol ², A. N. Ganeshamurthy ¹

Affiliations
1 ICAR-Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Hesaraghatta Lake Post, Bengaluru – 560 089, IN
2 K.R.C. College of Horticulture, University of Horticultural Sciences, Arabhavi - 591 310, Karnataka, IN

Abstract

A field experiment was conducted for three consecutive years to study the effect of various combinations of nitrogenous fertilizer (in the form of urea), vermicompost and FYM on yield and soil-available nutrients in sapota. Largest number of fruits (4820 tree^-1) and maximum fruit yield (31 tons ha^-1) were recorded with 10kg vermicompost + 350:50:450g NPK tree^-1, and was on par with application of 40kg FYM + 350:50:450g NPK tree^-1. The net profit and yield trend over the years showed that application of 10kg vermicompost + 350:50:450g NPK tree^-1 was more suitable for meeting nutrient requirement for enhanced yield in sapota. Application of organics (irrespective of source) showed positive, significant effect on organic matter content of the soil after three years. Highest build-up of organic matter in the soil was recorded with 10kg vermicompost alone (T10), which was at par with 40kg FYM alone (T5). Moreover, there was a clear trend of increasing total soil nitrogen content in plots supplied with increased levels of inorganic nitrogen with organic manures, and, this was subsequently reflected in potentially mineralized nitrogen, suggesting an improved labile pool of plant-available nitrogen. Therefore, there is an obvious need to include organic manures along with the inorganic nitrogenous fertilizer for optimizing the use-efficiency of soil and applied N to achieve sustainable yields in sapota for profit.

Keywords

FYM, Vermicompost, Inorganic Fertilizers, Sapota, Potential Mineralized Nitrogen, Plant-Available Nutrients.

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Prakash Patil ¹, Neeta Vastrad ¹, M. R. Dinesh ¹, A. R. Bantwal ²

Affiliations
1 Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Hessarghatta Lake post, Bangalore-560 089, IN
2 Department of Biotechnology, Kuvempu University, Shankaraghatta - 577451, IN

Abstract

A revised protocol has been developed for in vitro propogation of papa

Keywords

Micropropagation, Mature Explants, Carica papaya.

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Rohit Dhumal , Prakash Patil , Nilakash Selkar , Mukesh Chawda , Mahesh Vahlia , Geeta Vanage

Abstract

Objective: The present study was undertaken to determine target organ safety of “Immuforte” to establish relationship between dose or exposure and response and also to identify potential parameters for monitoring adverse effects of “Immuforte” in clinical studies, if any. Materials and Methods: A total of 40 males and 40 females were randomly assigned to the four groups, namely group I (vehicle control; gum acacia), group II (120 mg/kg BW of Immuforte in gum acacia), group III (360 mg/kg BW of Immuforte in gum acacia), and group IV (600 mg/kg BW of Immuforte in gum acacia) consisting of 10 males and 10 females in each group. Additionally, a recovery group (600 mg/kg BW of Immuforte in gum acacia) containing 5 males and 5 females was included. Results: The results showed significant decrease in percent lymphocyte count of high and mid dose groups as compared to control group. The percent neutrophil counts in all the three treated groups of male and female rats were found to be significantly higher than that of control group (P < 0.05). In females MCV values in low dose and mid dose were significantly higher as compared to control (P < 0.05). The males from low dose group showed significant decrease in total serum protein, globulin, electrolytes, direct bilirubin, creatinine levels, whereas in mid dose group along with albumin, globulin. A significant decrease in AST and cholesterol was observed. In females, significant decrease was observed in total protein and globulin of low dose and mid dose of Immuforte‑treated rats (P < 0.05). Though few hematological and biochemical parameters were different from control group, no does related response was observed and further, all these values were comparable with historical control data of the colony. Terminal body weight, organ weight, gross, and histopathology did not reveal any toxicity‑related any adverse effects. Heavy metal analysis of the blood samples collected from terminally sacrificed animals did not show presence of heavy metals viz. lead (Pb), mercury (Hg), cadmium (Cd), and arsenic (As). Conclusion: The results of the present study demonstrated that Immuforte does not cause any observable toxicity at doses used in the study when administered for the period of 90 days and is safe for the human use and thus, Immuforte could be used safely for therapeutic use in humans.

Keywords

Antioxidant, ayurveda, immunomodulation, stress, quality control

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