Informatics Publishing Limited

A. Agalya ¹, P. N. Palanisamy ², P. Sivakumar ³

Affiliations
1 Department of Chemistry, Al-Ameen Engineering College, Erode, Tamilnadu-638104, IN
2 Department of Chemistry, Kongu Engineering College, Erode, Tamilnadu-638052, IN
3 Department of Chemistry, Arignar Anna Govt. Arts College, Namakkal, Tamilnadu -637001, IN

Abstract

The potential of activated carbon ETAC and Polymer Composites (PAC and PPC) for the removal coloring matter from industrial effluents were analyzed. All the three adsorbents were prepared from the precursor Euphorbia Tirucalli L wood. After the treatment there was significant decrease in pH, Hardness, TDS, DO, BOD and COD of industrial effluents. Among eight samples studied, after the treatment almost all samples were colorless except sample 4 for ETAC, sample 7 and 8 for polymer composites. Cost analysis for the preparation of adsorbents and treatment of effluents were carried out. The cost for treatment of effluents with ETAC and Polyaniline Composite are more economical than commercial charcoal.

Keywords

Activated Carbon, Polymer Composites, Effluent Treatment, Euphorbia Tirucalli L Wood

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P. Sivakumar ¹, B. Vinod ², R. S. Sandhya Devi ³, E. R. Jayasakthi Rajkumar ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, PSG College of Technology, Peelamedu, Coimbatore - 641004, Tamil Nadu, IN
2 Department of Robotics and Automation Engineering, PSG College of Technology, Peelamedu, Coimbatore - 641004, Tamil Nadu, IN
3 Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Kumaraguru College of Technology, Chinnavedampatti, Coimbatore - 641049, Tamil Nadu, IN

Abstract

This paper is gives a clear idea about MATLAB based toolboxes for scheduling various real-time problems and to examine the performance of the system prior to its implementation. Two different MATLAB based toolboxes-TORSCHE (Time Optimization of Resources, SCHEduling) and True Time used offers a collection of data structures that allows the user to analyze various issues in resource sharing and scheduling. Further in real-time environment, these simulators are used to obtain an optimum performance by providing a platform to extend the design methodologies and to meet the requirements as demanded by the application with limited resources. Algorithms are implemented either as MATLAB function with fixed structure or as MATLAB function with middle level language constructs. Two modules are designed and simulated for each toolbox. Using True Time Toolbox, fixed priority scheduling algorithm module and CAN networking of four different kernels are simulated and results are analyzed. Using TORSCHE toolbox timing parameter for each task is analyzed for two different scenarios. Finally, a simulation model is built by using True Time toolbox and TORSCHE in MATLAB platform. The toolboxes are intended mainly for research purpose to handle and control scheduling issues in real-time systems. The result indicates that the simulators aids in improving scheduler accuracy and strengthen the real-time character of the system. Using this approach it is possible to evaluate and modify controller designs and hardware platforms to better understand the performance and timing effects.

Keywords

Deadline, Kernel, Real-Time, Task, True Time, TORSCHE

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S. R. Balasubramanian ¹, D. Maheswari ², A. Cynthia ³, K. Balaji Rao ¹, R. Goswami ⁴, P. Sivakumar ¹

Affiliations
1 CSIR-Structural Engineering Research Centre, CSIR Campus, Taramani, Chennai 600 113, IN
2 Department of Civil Engineering, Kumaraguru College of Technology, Coimbatore 641 006, IN
3 Department of Civil Engineering, VelTech Multi Tech Dr Rangarajan Dr Sakunthala Engineering College, Chennai 600 025, IN
4 Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600 036, IN

Abstract

In view of practical significance of the compression behaviour of brick masonry, this article discusses the evolvement of an experimental programme based on a survey of the literature. Also, it is known that large scatter is expected in the mechanical properties of masonry and studies characterizing these statistical variations are scant in India. Using the evolved experimental programme and results of tests conducted, the statistical parameters, namely mean and coefficient of variation (COV) associated with the uniaxial compression behaviour of typical brick masonry used in South India have been determined in this article. For the masonry considered in this study, the mean values of peak compressive stress, strain corresponding to peak stress and elastic modulus are 2.82 MPa, 0.009 and 0.4 GPa respectively. The corresponding values of COV are 0.15, 0.2 and 0.12 respectively. In addition, a trilinear curve has been suggested as an idealized stress-strain relation for the brick masonry used in South India.

Keywords

Clay Brick Masonry, Compressive Strength, Elastic Modulus, Uniaxial Compression, Statistical Parameters.

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p. Sivakumar ¹, K. Duraiswamy ²

Affiliations
1 Manakula Vinayagar Institute of Technology, Pondicherry, IN
2 K. S. Rangasamy College of Technology, Tiruchengode, Tamilnadu, IN

Abstract

Mobile ad hoc network (MANET) is a collection of wireless mobile nodes or routers dynamically forming a temporary network without the use of any existing infrastructure or centralized administration and it has to face many challenges in real time multimedia communication. The quality of service (QoS) Constraints such as bandwidth and delay make the routing of MANET for real time traffic is a tedious task. This paper proposes to develop a QoS routing discovery protocol for real time traffic in mobile ad hoc network. This technique involves construction of bandwidth and delay aware paths between a source-destination pair. Initially the bandwidth availability and expected delay are estimated for each path and the source selects the best path with maximum bandwidth and minimal delay. We use the NS2 simulator on Linux operating system to showsthe performance based on the throughput, packet delivery ratio and average end-to-end delay metrics.

Keywords

Mobile Ad Hoc Network, Quality of Service, Real Time Traffic, Routing Discovery Protocol, Source-Destination Pair.

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P. Sivakumar ¹, V. P. Naveena ¹, S. Soundariya ²

Affiliations
1 Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Kingston Engineering College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, IN
2 Department of Electronics and Communication Nadu Engineering, Kingston Engineering College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, IN

Abstract

A new watermarking based on integer wavelet using image compound encryption algorithm is discussed in this project. In this algorithm, Arnold transform and chaotic mapping are applied into scrambling the original watermark and the iterative time of the Arnold transform and the initial value of the Logistic mapping are taken as the private keys. The original image is decomposed to different frequencies in different resolution levels by integer discrete wavelet transform (IDWT), and then the watermark is embedded into low frequency coefficients of the original image. The experimental results demonstrate its good unification between the robustness and invisibility.

Keywords

Watermark, Image Encryption, Integer Wavelet.

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P. Sivakumar ¹, S. Ravi ²

Affiliations
1 St. Peter's University, Chennai, IN
2 ECE Department, Dr. MGR University, Chennai-600095, IN

Abstract

This paper uses the wavelet, Contourlet transform and the two dimensional Principle Component Analysis (2DPCA) for image denoising. The simulation results is carried out to demonstrate the performance of proposed techniques and the result shows that 2DPCA is superior over contourlet and wavelet transform in maintaining high peak signal -to-noise -ratio. The denoising algorithm is validated by numerical experiments on different standard images and roughness images. Numerical result shows that the proposed method can obtain higher PSNR and less visual artifacts compared with other methods. Also, Contourlet can provide a much more detailed representation for natural images with abundant textural information than Wavelets. The improved two dimensional PCA (2DPCA) extended the traditional principal component analysis theory to the two dimensional situation, and proved to be especially efficient in the analysis of images.

Keywords

Image Denoising, Contourlet, Two-Dimensional PCA, Wavelet, PSNR.

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P. Sivakumar ¹, A. Sivanantha Raja ¹

Affiliations
1 A.C. College of Engineering and Technology, Karaikudi, Tamilnadu-630004, IN

Abstract

The combination of Sub Carrier Multiplexing (SCM) and Wavelength Division Multiplexing (WDM) may provide a more flexible platform for high speed optical transport networks with high optical bandwidth efficiency. The combination of EDFA and Raman amplifiers provides high power gain hybrid amplifier. In this paper, the system configurations of two block SCM transmitter module that consist of eight (2×8) Binary Phase Shift Keying (BPSK) modulated channel at the speed of 1.8 Gbps were reviewed. The work also investigates the performance of SCM/WDM system with different optical amplifiers like Erbium Doped Fiber Amplifier (EDFA), Raman amplifier and Hybrid amplifier. The performance results were evaluated by OptiSystem in terms of bit error rate, noise figure and received output power by varying fiber length.

Keywords

Binary Phase Shift Keying, Erbium Doped Fiber Amplifier, Hybrid Amplifier, Raman Amplifier, Sub Carrier Multiplexing, Wavelength Division Multiplexing.

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P. Sivakumar ¹, K. Magueswary ², M. Rajaram ³

Affiliations
1 ECE Department of S.K.P. Engineering College, Thiruvannamalai, IN
2 S.K.P. Engineering College, IN
3 Anna University of Technology, Thirunelveli, IN

Abstract

In this letter, analyze the satellite images by using discrete wavelet transform and singular value decomposition. The input image is decomposed into the four frequency sub bands by using DWT and estimates the singular value matrix of the low–low sub band image and then it reconstructs the enhanced image by applying inverse DWT. The technique is compared with conventional image equalization techniques such as standard general histogram equalization and local histogram equalization as well as state-of-theart techniques such as brightness preserving dynamic histogram equalization. The experimental results show the superiority of the proposed method over conventional methods.

Keywords

Discrete Wavelet Transform, Image Equalization, Satellite Image Contrast Enhancement.

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S. Pradeep Gnanam ¹, M. V. Srinath ², P. Sivakumar ³

Affiliations
1 Sengunthar Engineering College, IN
2 Mahendra Engineering College, IN
3 NITTTR, Chennai, IN

Abstract

Due to the technological advancement and phenomenal development in all the fields of education, research, inventions, innovations there is a rapid growth in web based information society. Software products developed using software process models have become successful as they adopt standard software engineering methodology. But today’s Information technology product development is undergoing a rapid shift that prevents applying traditional software engineering methodology to web engineering methodology since most of the applications are web based. Through internet is becoming the world wide class room, the accessibility to information becomes reality at any point of time. Web-Based Learning Environment (WBLE) becomes a crucial resource for learners and educational institutions. Web-based learning environment must take into consideration that education has triggered a shift from the teacher-centered paradigm to the learner-centered paradigm. The primary causes of web system failure are a flawed design and development process, and poor management of development efforts. All these have been recognized to be one of the main reasons for the low acceptance of disciplined development in the Web. For developing the software products we have solid endorsed process model, but we still struggle to build and maintain large complex web sites and applications because web developers don’t have a disciplined development process and sound methodology. The process model used for developing software cannot be adopted for developing Web-Based application because the requirements of software development and web development are not same, and the existing software process model themselves have pitfalls. Any instructional design model may be considered as equivalent to software process model. Since the phases involved in these models are similar. A fusion of these models is considered for evolving a comprehensive model for developing WBLE. As a result, a conceptual model that exploits the potential of Instructional design model and software engineering process model has been evolved for developing WBLE. This paper aims at evolving a comprehensive model for developing Web-Based Learning Environment by taking into account the above stated pitfall.

Keywords

Pedagogical Principles, Software Engineering, Web Engineering, Web-Based System Development, Web Design, Web Development.

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C. V. Reshma ¹, S. R. Balasubramanian ², K. Balaji Rao ², Rupen Goswami ³, P. Sivakumar ²

Affiliations
1 SCMS School of Engineering and Technology (SSET), Ernakulam - 683582, Kerala, IN
2 CSIR - Structural Engineering Research Centre, Taramani, Chennai - 600020, Tamil Nadu, IN
3 IIT Madras, Chennai - 600036, Tamil Nadu, IN

Abstract

Seismic fragility analysis of Un-reinforced Brick Masonry (URBM) Buildings is useful for determining the possible extent of damage in the event of an earthquake. It is known that there are uncertainties with respect to both the mechanical properties of masonry and the characteristics of earthquake ground motion. This paper presents sensitivity studies: by considering Weibull distribution as candidate distribution for compressive strengths of brick and mortar and varying the Coefficient of Variation (COV); and by using 12 different earthquakes time histories available in the strong motion atlas of India separately. For this purpose a one room, single storey URBM building has been considered and the fragility curves have been obtained by integrating Improved storey shear modelling, Monte Carlo simulation and Incremental dynamic analysis. From the study, it has been observed that while using the Weibull distribution as candidate distribution for mechanical properties of masonry, fragility curves of URBM buildings are not significantly affected by the COV whereas they are sensitive to the choice of earthquake ground motion. Fragility curves obtained using different earthquake time histories show three bands. For the suite of earthquake time histories considered in this study, the observed fragilities are generally increasing with the epicentral distance. In other words observed fragilities corresponding to the far-field earthquake time histories are generally higher than those corresponding to the near-field earthquake time histories. Thus, for vulnerability analysis, selection of suite of earthquake time histories judiciously is more important than modelling the statistical variations in mechanical properties of masonry.

Keywords

Coefficient of Variation, Incremental Dynamic Analysis, Seismic Fagility Curves, Sensitivity, Unreinforced Brick Masonry, Weibull Distribution

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M. Vijayabaskaran ¹, G. Lakshmi ², M. Senthilraja ², P. Sivakumar ², P. Vaijayanthimala ², P. Perumal ²

Affiliations
1 Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, J.K.K. Nataraja College of Pharmacy, Komarapalayam-638183 Tamil Nadu, IN
2 Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, J.K.K. Nattraja College of Pharmacy, Komarapalayam-638183, Tamil Nadu, IN

Abstract

Indole derivatives (Isatin) are potential synthons, for building synthetically a variety of chemical systems known for their broader biological and pharmacological applications. In the present investigation, title compounds (V1-V5) were synthesized by the condensation reaction of 3-[(2)-(phenyl methylidene) hydrazono]-1, 3-dihydro-2H-benzo[g]indol-2-one (IV) with different aryl aldehydes, as such reactions are not reported so far. The synthesized compounds were characterized by IR, ¹H NMR and MASS spectroscopy. They were screened for their antimicrobial potential against bacterial strains i.e., Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Proteus vulgaris and fungal strains i.e., Candida albicans and Yeast. Compound V5 (Nitro) was more potent anti- microbial agent against both bacteria [Gram (+Ve) and Gram (-Ve) organisms] followed by compound V₄ (Chloro) and V₂ (4-Methoxy).

Keywords

Isatin, Aryl Aldehydes, Antimicrobial Activity, Bacillus subtilis, Candida albicans.

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G. Murugadass ¹, P. Sivakumar ², G. Vinodhini ²

Affiliations
1 Anna University, Chennai - 600025, Tamil Nadu, IN
2 ECE, Embedded System Technologies, S.K.P. Engineering College, Tiruvannamalai - 606611, Tamil Nadu, IN

Abstract

Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) have been mostly considered with improvements in ubiquitous computing environment. The supply of a sensor node is limited, so it is essential to use energy-efficient routing protocol in WSNs. Energy consumption can be maintained to certain threshold level, so that no individual nodes can go dry beyond that certain level. Here we suggest each node to behave active and idle states, so that average energy level of whole network can be maintained. In SPAN-AODV protocol, we will compute the procedure to identify the nodes, which losing its energy earlier than other. We isolate those nodes below threshold energy from communication. Packet transmission has done only through energy nodes, even non-energy nodes present at accessible distance to communicate. In this paper we compare SPAN-AODV, EDDEEC (Enhanced Developed Distributed Energy-Efficient Clustering) and CATER-AODV (SPAN-AODV implemented in caterpillar network) through performance analysis and the result shows that CATER-AODV is 21% more efficient than EDDEEC and 17% more efficient than SPAN-AODV in terms of residual energy, network lifetime and traffic size.

Keywords

CATER-AODV, EDDEEC Routing Protocols, Network Lifetime, Residual Energy, SPAN-AODV Routing Protocols, Threshold Level, Traffic Size, Wireless Sensor Network.

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V. Vaithyanathan , P. Sivakumar

Abstract

The present research paper is the report of an experiment conducted to find out the effectiveness of Cognitive Constructivist Approach (CCA) in the acquisition of science process skills (Basic, Intermediate, Advanced) among ninth graders belonging to same intelligence and socio-economic status. In order to see the effect of CCA in the acquisition of science process skills, an experimental parallel group design was employed. The total sample comprised of sixty four (32^∗2=64) students. The analysis of the data showed that the experimental group who learnt through Cognitive Constructivist Approach were attaining significantly higher mean scores than conventional group who were taught through traditional method for science process skills.

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M. Vijayabaskaran ¹, G. Babu ¹, N. Venkateswaramurthy ¹, P. Sivakumar ¹, P. Perumal ¹, T. Sivakumar ², R. Sambathkumar ³, B. Jayakar ⁴

Affiliations
1 JKK Nataraja College of Pharmacy, Komarapalayam, Namakkal District, Tamil Nadu 638183, IN
2 Nandha College of Pharmacy, Erode, Tamil Nadu 638 052, IN
3 Department of Pharmaceutics, Seventh of April University, Al-Zawia City, LY
4 Vinayaka Missions College of Pharmacy, Salem, Tamil Nadu, IN

Abstract

The study was aimed at evaluating the antitumor and antioxidant activities of ethanol extract of Pseudarthria viscida (Family: Fabaceae) against Ehrlich ascites carcinoma (EAC)-bearing Swiss albino mice. The ethanol extract of Pseudarthria viscida (EEPV) was administered at the doses of 100 and 200 mg/kg in mice for 14 days after 24 h of tumor inoculation. The effect of EEPV on the growth of transplantable murine tumor, life span of EAC bearing mice, hematological profile and liver biochemical parameters were estimated. Treatment with EEPV decreased the tumor volume and viable cell count thereby increasing the life span of EAC bearing mice and brought back the hematological parameter more or less normal level. The effect of EEPV decreases the level of lipid peroxidation and protein content and significantly increased the level of antioxidant enzymes such as Catalase (CAT), Glutathione (GSH) and Superoxide dismutase (SOD). These observations are suggestive of the protective effect of EEPV against Ehrlich Ascites Carcinoma (EAC).

Keywords

Pseudarthria viscida, Ehrlich Ascites Carcinoma, Hematological Parameter, Antioxidant, Antitumor Activity.

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M. B. Dhanya ¹, P. Sivakumar ²

Affiliations
1 Dept. of Economics, University College, Thiruvananthapuram, IN
2 RGNIYD, Ministry of Youth Affairs and Sports, GoI, Sriperumbudur, Tamil Nadu, IN

Abstract

The subject of microfinance is considered as a significant and emerging trend in the present scenario for the empowerment of women. Microfinance programmes are promoted as an important strategy for women's empowerment. Microfinance builds mutual trust and confidence between bankers and rural poor to encourage banking in a segment of population where formal financial institutions usually find difficult to reach. The present paper examines the success of self-help groups in improving banking habits for better access to government infrastructure through the development programmes. The study envisaged investigation in four Grama panchayats, two each in Kasargode and Thiruvananthapuram districts of Kerala state. The survey shows the partial positive impact of the development programme of Kudumbashree, a microfinancial institution for improving the banking habits of the rural poor.

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S. P. Meenakshi ¹, P. Sivakumar ¹, P. Ilango ¹

Affiliations
1 School of Computer Science and Engineering, VIT University, Vellore - 632014, Tamil Nadu, IN

Abstract

Objectives: This study carried out a systematic review on the literature that evaluated the various health promotion interventions based on social networking sites such as Facebook, Twitter and YouTube. Statistical Analysis: In social media, user messages carry the traits of health related activities such as interactions, emotional support, vaccination campaigns and nutrition improvement. These types of traits in the social media can be leveraged to identify the audience and effective approaches for health related activities. The work analysed the user engagement in each platform, behaviour and response efficacies achieved, targeted audience for different interventions, effectiveness of each platform and technologies used in the studies. Findings: The evaluation studies conducted on health interventions using social media for vaccination, smoking cessation, heart disease and sexually transmitted infections are reviewed. There are eight items used including response efficacy and behaviour efficacy to report about the target audience on social media for health campaigns. The target audience are identified using age or ethnicity. Implementing a social marketing approach through social media to initiate interest and engagement for a web-based software package is both hands-on and reliable with the way young individuals practice the media to share ideas and promote them, thus the intervention was considered a central focus of a greater campaign. Objective measures such as behaviour change and response are measured using summative and outcome evaluations. The technologies used for data collection and analysis substantiate the relevant technique for individual media, variables considered for particular disease health intervention, statistical models, survey methods and randomized control trials. The evidences from the studies reveal that Facebook and YouTube can be effectively used to target audience at the age group of nineteen – twenty-nine for smoking cessation and sexually transmitted health care interventions. Based on the evidences, the suitable social networking sites were identified for the targeted audience to the specific disease health interventions. Applications/Improvements: To build healthcare educated online communities in the social media, auto message feature and auto feedback system can help to increase the audience interaction. Vaccination healthcare intervention studies suggest on the road to increasing the reliability of the contents and educating the audience with the positive impacts of vaccination.

Keywords

Behaviour Efficacy, Health Hazards, Health Interventions, Health Promotion, Targeted Audience, Vaccination

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P. Sivakumar ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Development Studies, Rajiv Gandhi National Institute of Youth Development (RGNIYD), Ministry of Youth Affairs and Sports, Govt. of India, Sriperumbudur, Tamil Nadu-602105, IN

Abstract

Applied ethics is the most recent branch of ethics that deals with the analysis and interpretation of specific, controversial moral issues such as animal rights, euthanasia, abortion, organ-transplantation etc. Since the introduction of applied ethics in philosophical stream, the role of philosophy is expanded and the claim of the philosopher to intervene in all the problems relating to man, society and nature is being justified. Our responsibility for environment as well as attitude towards nature is one such problem which is becoming a subject of hot debate among academic circles. The main difference between philosophy and other academic and professional subjects is that while academic and professional subjects work in the realm of material knowledge, philosophy works in a higher realm than these subjects, in the sense that philosophy is about life- knowledge. Professional theorists and policy analysts often discuss environmental issues in the context of a more general understanding of environment; philosophy gives a holistic or complete understanding of nature and its intricate relations with man. In India, philosophy as such evolved out of our deep understanding with nature. This paper is an analyticalstudy of environmental ethics in the broader realm of Applied Philosophy.

Keywords

Environment, Ethics, Applied Ethics, India.

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M. Iyapparaja ¹, P. Sivakumar ²

Affiliations
1 School of Information Technology and Engineering, VIT University, Vellore, Tamilnadu, IN
2 CSE Department, Saudi Electronic University, Saudi Arabiya, Riyadh, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, IN

Abstract

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a serious eye infection which cause visual impairment. Henceforth, early discovery of DR is an absolute necessity. Exudates is the essential indication of Diabetics in retina. At the initial treatment of DR is conceivable in the event that we recognize Exudates at the most punctual arrange. The principle centralization of paper is to speak about strategies for productive discovery of Exudates. The first technique talks about Exudate discovery utilizing numerical morphology. The next procedure, proposes a half approach for detection of Exudates. These approach comprises of some phases pre-processing technique, grouping, and post processing. At the pre-processing stage, resizing the picture and morphological enlargement done. At grouping stage LindeBuzo-Grey is applied, k-implied calculation to recognize Exudates. In post preparing step, we expel every undesirable component segments in the picture to receive exact outcomes. The ideal outcomes will be got when the quantity of groups took is 8 in both of the grouping calculations.

Keywords

Exudates, Morphology, Optic Disk.

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