Informatics Publishing Limited

M. Santhi ¹

Affiliations
1 Madurai Kamaraj University College, Madurai, IN

Abstract

Since the beginning of civilization, gold has been one of the most sought after metals in the world. Because of its durability it has been used by nations as fiat currency. Nations may fall, paper money may lose its value but gold will always remain as something of value. But there are certain disadvantages in investing gold. As compared to other precious metals, gold has a low industrial demand. Largely investors only decide its demand and value. In the short run, gold is an excellent store-house of wealth as long term investment gold is not an ideal investment. This is because its return is easily outplaced by the equity market. Moreover investment in gold has no payout in terms of dividends. This study aims at collecting investor’s response towards investment in gold. Seventy five respondents were interviewed through structured questions. Pros and cons of investing gold have been elicited. The author has highlighted the limitations in investing in gold. It is learned that gold import has eroded most of our foreign currency.so it will increase our current account deficit resulting in declining our rupee value against dollar.

Keywords

Inflation, Reserve Bank of India, Inflation-Indexed Bonds, Current Account Deficit

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M. Santhi ¹, R. S. D. Wahida Banu ²

Affiliations
1 Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Government College of Engineering, Salem, Tamilnadu, IN
2 Government College of Engineering, Salem, Tamilnadu, IN

Abstract

Most of the color image compression techniques reduce the redundancy between color components (R, G, B) by transforming the color primaries into a de-correlated color space, such as YIQ or YUV. As the human visual system is more sensitive to details in luminance than to details in chrominance, the chrominance components can be compressed at high rate. Instead of de-correlating the color planes, high regional correlation between the components of color images is used as a basis for a new coding technique. The high correlation of color channels implicitly suggests a localized functional relation between the components. It could be used in an alternative compression approach, by approximating subordinate colors as functions of the base color instead of coding each color planes. The 9 by 7 wavelet filter and Set Partitioning in Hierarchical Tree (SPIHT) coding for encoding the base color are used. The linear three channel Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT) is applied to the RGB image to obtain the color channels C1C2C3. Taking C1 as base color and the other two channels are approximated as linear functions of the base color, only two parameters are transmitted for each block N*N of C2 and C3. A significant Peak Signal to Noise Ratio improvement is achieved compared to the traditional coding scheme for the same compression rate. The proposed algorithm allows the reduction of complexity for both coding and decoding of color images.

Keywords

Color Image Coding, Inter-Channel Correlation, Linear Approximation, SPHIT Coding, Wavelet Filter.

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G. Soundradevi ¹, M. Santhi ², J. Rahila ³, A. Kannabhiran ⁴

Affiliations
1 Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Sethu Institute of Technology, Virudhunagar-626115, Tamilnadu, IN
2 Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Sethu Institute of Technology, Virudhunagar - 626115, Tamilnadu, IN
3 Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Sethu Institute of Technology, Virudhunagar 626115, Tamilnadu, IN
4 Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Sudharsan Engineering College, Sathiyamangalam-622501, Tamilnadu, IN

Abstract

This paper proposes single carrier sinusoidal PWM based cascaded H-bridge multilevel inverter which employs single dc input power source with isolated unequal turns ratio low-frequency power transformers. Generally cascaded H-Bridge inverters are used to generate levels under trinary fashion switching scheme, where, n represents the number of H-Bridges used. In this topology three H-Bridges are used and hence 27 levels are achieved with single DC input and multi winding transformer unit. Hence harmonics are reduced in the output level. Therefore, an economical and efficient inverter can be designed. In this proposed topology trinary switching pattern is used to achieve the desired levels. Single carrier sinusoidal modulation (SC-SPWM) technique is used which provides variable voltage and a variable frequency supply. The effectiveness of the system is verified through simulation using MATLAB/Simulink.

Keywords

Cascaded H-Bridge Multilevel Inverter, SC-SPWM, Unequal Turns Ratio Transformer.

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M. Rajadurai ¹, M. Santhi ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Saranathan College of Engineering, IN

Abstract

In the process of signals transmission and acquisition, image signals might be corrupted by impulse noise. Generally, digital images are corrupted by impulse noises. These are short duration noises, which degrade an image and are randomly distributed over the image. An efficient FPGA implementation for removing impulse noise in an image is presented in this paper. Existing techniques use standard median filter. These existing approaches changes the pixel values of both noise less and noisy pixels, so image might be blurred in nature. To avoid the changes on noise less pixels, an efficient FPGA implementation of Simple Edge Preserved De-noising technique (SEPD) and Reduced Simple Edge Preserved De-noising technique (RSEPD) are presented in this paper. In this technique, noise detection and noise removal operations are performed. This VLSI design gives better image quality. For 10 percentage noise added image, the obtained PSNR value of the image is 31.68 while de-noising it.

Keywords

SEPD, RSEPD, Noise, De-noising, FPGA.

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