Informatics Publishing Limited

C. N. Rao ¹, K. Srinivasan ², Amit Roychowdhuri ³

Affiliations
1 Department of Geology and Geophysics, I.I.T., Kharagpur, IN
2 Knoxville, Tenesse, US
3 Oil and Natural Gas Commission, Agartala, IN

Abstract

Phyllites from the Cumbum Formation are exclusively made up of 2 M polymorph of illite. The 2 M polymorph, the most stable phase in the temperature range of 200-300°C, is comidered to be due to its heritage from the source area, having been derived from high-grade metamorphic Eastern Ghat and Dharwarian provenances. The Illite Crystallinity Jndex shows progressive improvement with depth as well as nearness to the Pb-Zn mineralised zone. The crystallinity Index averaging 0.4°2θ is consistent with anchizone of metamorphism. The progressive increase in the crystallinity and size with depth and in the proximity of the mineralized zone suggest that the mineral suffered post-depositional recrystallisation effected by the depth of burial, uplift and folding in the eastern margin of the Cuddapah basin and subsequent hydrothermal activity concomitant with the Pb-Zn mineralisation at Bandlamotu.

Keywords

Illite, Cumbum Formation, Cuddapah, Andhra Pradesh.

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N. Mathivanan ¹, K. Srinivasan ¹, S. Chelliah ¹

Affiliations
1 Nagarjuna Agricultural Research and Development Institute CIS, Vikrampuri, Secunderabad 500 009, Andhra Pradesh, IN

Abstract

Two biocontrol agents viz., Trichoderma viride Pseudomonas fluorescens Migula were evaluated against foliar diseases of groundnut and sunflower. Their efficacy was compared with that of commonly used fungicides. The results revealed that T. viride was equally effective as that of fungicides in controlling early and late leafspots and rust in groundnut, and Alternaria blight in sunflower in both the crops. Pseudomonas fluorescens was ineffective.

Keywords

Biological Control, Foliar Diseases, Groundnut, Pseudomonas fluorescens, Sunflower, Trichoderma viride.

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N. Mathivanan ¹, K. Srinivasan ¹, S. Chelliah ¹

Affiliations
1 Nagatjuna Agricultural Research and Development Institute C-15, Vikrampuri, Secunderabad 500009, Andhra Pradesh, IN

Abstract

Four locally available organic materials viz., farm yard manure, rice bran, saw dust and wheat bran were evaluated for their suitability as a carrier for a talc based formulation of Trichoderma viride . Mixtures of T. viride and these carriers were applied in soil to control ischolar_main diseases of sunflower. The results revealed that saw dust + T .viride mixture significantly reduced plant mortality caused by ischolar_main pathogens with commensurate increase of achene yield in sunflower.

Keywords

Biocontrol, Organic Materials, Root Diseases, Sunflower, Trichoderma viride.

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K. Srinivasan ¹, Lmi Leo Joseph ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of ECE, MIET Engineering College, Trichy, IN

Abstract

This paper presents a novel approach to reducing ringing artifact in color restored images by using anti –alias filtering. The performance of reducing ringing artifacts depends on the accurate classification of the local features in the image. The discrete wavelet transform (DWT) provides effective insight into both spatial and frequency characteristics of an image. Through the DWT analysis, we show that ringing artifacts can be suppressed to a  great extent by using multiple-level edge maps, which provide enhanced matching to local edges. Base on the experimental results, the proposed method can reduce ringing artifacts with minimized edge degradation by using DWT analysis.In order to circumvent the imbalance between the horizontal and vertical resolution, a tilt can be applied to orient them at a small angle to the vertical direction. To avoid aliasing the sub sampling should be preceded by suitable low pass pre-filtering. Although for purely vertical pixels a narrowband low pass horizontal filltering is needed , the situation is more complicated for diagonal pixels; the subsampling of each view is no more orthogonal, and more complex sampling models need to be considered. Based on multidimensional sampling theory, we have studied multiview sampling models based on lattices. These models approximate pixel positions on a color display and lead to optimal anti-alias filters. In this paper, results are shown for a separable approximation to non-separable 2-D anti-alias filters based on the assumption that the pixels are small. We have carried out experiments on a variety of images, and different bandwidths. We have observed that the theoretically-optimal bandwidth is too restrictive; such that aliasing artifacts disappear, but some image details are lost as well. Somewhat wider bandwidths result in images with almost no aliasing and largely preserved detail. For subjectively-optimized fillters, the improvements, although localized, are clear and enhance the hue in displays.

Keywords

Ringing Artifact, Multi-Resolution Edge Map, Discrete Wavelet Transform.

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M. Ezhilarasan ¹, P. Vinoth Kumar ¹, R. Nirmal Kumar ¹, K. Srinivasan ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Information Technology, Pondicherry Engineering College, Puducherry-605014, IN

Abstract

Video Enhancement is a wide range of techniques which is used to boost the quality of the video. Video stabilization removes the redundant motion fluctuations present in the video. In this paper, we present a practical method to remove the annoying shaky motion and restructure a stabilized video sequence with good visual quality. Typically, this is achieved by applying a certain amount of corrective motion displacement onto each video frame, such that to cancel the effect of high frequency fluctuations. We present an algorithm for video stabilization comprising three operations: Global Motion Estimation, Image Smoothing, and Image De-Blurring. The experimental results show the capability of the proposed algorithm to reduce the unwanted motion and proved to give the finest results.

Keywords

Global Motion Estimation, Image Smoothing, Image De-Blurring.

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K. Srinivasan ¹, G. Ravi Prabhu ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of S.P.M., S. V. Medical College, Tirupati, IN

Abstract

Provision of hostels for the children hailing from oppressed sections of the community like Scheduled Castes, Scheduled Tribes and other Backward Classes is an important social welfare measure. The role of these hostels in their educational advancement is considerable.

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C. Rajendran ¹, K. Srinivasan ¹, V. Balasubramanian ¹, H. Balaji ², P. Selvaraj ²

Affiliations
1 Centre for Materials Joining and Research (CEMAJOR), Dept of Manufacturing Engineering, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar, IN
2 Aeronautical Development Agency (ADA), Bangalore, IN

Abstract

AA2014 aluminum alloy (Al-Cu alloy) has been widely utilized in fabrication of lightweight structures like aircraft structures, demanding high strength to weight ratio and good corrosion resistance. The fusion welding of these alloys will lead to solidification problems such as hot cracking, alloy segregation, partially melted zone, and porosity. Friction stir welding is a new solid state welding process, in which the material being welded does not melt and recast. Lot of research works have been carried out by many researchers to optimize process parameters and establish empirical relationships to predict tensile strength of friction stir welded butt joints of aluminum alloys. However, very few investigations have been carried out on friction stir welded lap joints of aluminum alloys. Hence, in this investigation, an attempt has been made to develop empirical relationship to predict strength of friction stir lap welded (FSLW) joints of AA2014 aluminum alloy using statistical tools such as design of experiments (DoE), analysis of variance (ANOVA). The developed empirical relationship can be effectively used to predict the strength of friction stir welded lap joints of AA2014 -T6 aluminum alloy at the 95% confidence level.

Keywords

Friction STIR Welding, Aluminum Alloy, Design of Experiment, Lap Joint, Tensile Strength.

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C. Rajendran ¹, K. Srinivasan ¹, V. Balasubramanian ¹, H. Balaji ², P. Selvaraj ²

Affiliations
1 Center for Materials Joining and Research, Dept of Manufacturing Engg, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar, Tamil Nadu, IN
2 Aeronautical Development Agency, Bangalore, IN

Abstract

AA2014 aluminum alloy has been widely used in aircraft and automotive industries as structural members. Conventionally, these structures were fabricated using rivets, as it is difficult to join this alloy by fusion welding processes. Friction Stir Welding (FSW) can be successfully applied to replace the riveted construction of aluminum alloy (AA2014) in aircraft structures. Hence, an attempt has been made to evaluate and compare the load carrying capabilities of FSW joints and riveted joints of AA2014 aluminum alloy. FSW joints were fabricated using optimized process parameters, and riveted joints were fabricated using standard shop floor practice in butt and lap configurations. FSW joints exhibited 75% higher tensile and shear fracture load compared to the riveted joints.

Keywords

Aluminum Alloys, Friction Stir Welding, Riveting, Butt and Lap Joint.

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S. Yuvaraj ¹, K. Srinivasan ¹

Affiliations
1 School of Civil and Chemical Engineering, VIT University, Vellore, IN

Abstract

Background/Objectives: The main objective of the study is focused in producing geopolymer concrete using Ground Granulated Blast furnace Slag (GGBS) with the addition of sodium hydroxide solution. The study also comprises to gain better strength concrete by addition of different sizes of steel fibres (1%). Methods/Statistical analysis: In this study, total of six mixes were prepared using alkali activator solution of 8 molarity, different sizes of steel fibres (30 mm and 60 mm) and their combinations were tested to get better mechanical properties. All the specimens were oven cured and tested on 1st, 7th and 28th day. Various tests such as compressive strength, flexural strength and young’s modulus of concrete were analysed in this study. Findings: Geopolymer concrete specimen has obtained a maximum compressive strength of 41.5 MPa and flexural strength of 7.5 MPa for M30 mix ratio. The addition of steel fibre showed a better improvement when compared to the control mix (plain GPC) and all mixes have achieved the desirable strength. Testing results have also indicated that the addition of shorter steel fibre showed better strength improvement with respect to the reference concrete than the longer steel fibre. Applications: It can be used in various applications such as machine foundations, industrial floorings and road pavements.

Keywords

Alkali Activator, GGBS, Geopolymer Concrete, Sodium Hydroxide, Steel Fibres.

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K. Srinivasan ¹, K. Porkumaran ², G. Sainarayanan ²

Affiliations
1 Department of Electronics and Information Engineering, Sri Ramakrishna Engineering College, Tamil Nadu, IN
2 Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Dr.N.G.P Institute of Technology, Tamil Nadu, IN

Abstract

Monitoring the behavior and activities of people in Video surveillance has gained more applications in Computer vision. This paper proposes a new approach to model the human body in 2D view for the activity analysis using Thinning algorithm. The first step of this work is Background subtraction which is achieved by the frame differencing algorithm. Thinning algorithm has been used to find the skeleton of the human body. After thinning, the thirteen feature points like terminating points, intersecting points, shoulder, elbow, and knee points have been extracted. Here, this research work attempts to represent the body model in three different ways such as Stick figure model, Patch model and Rectangle body model. The activities of humans have been analyzed with the help of 2D model for the pre-defined poses from the monocular video data. Finally, the time consumption and efficiency of our proposed algorithm have been evaluated.

Keywords

Human Pose Analysis, 2D Human Body Modeling, Pre-processing, Frame Differencing Algorithm, Thinning Algorithm

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K. Srinivasan ¹, V. Sundararajulu ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Civil Engineering, Periyar Maniammai University, Periyar Nagar, Vallam, Thanjavur - 613 403, Tamil Nadu, IN

Abstract

Background/Objectives: The paper describes the study carried out on test specimens of cement mortar composite admixed with multi-walled carbon nanotubes (CNTs) in order to investigate the physical property changes under nano-level hydration. Methods/Statistical Analysis: In this study, the standard engineering tests such as pH value identification, flexural strength test and compression strength tests were carried out for both control and test specimens which were cast and cured as per Indian Standard specifications. Test specimens of cement mortar composite consisted of ordinary Portland cement and river sand added with 0.2% (by weight of cement) pristine multi-walled CNTs ultrasonicated but without any surface treatment. Findings: The pH value of ultrasonicated multi-walled CNTs dispersed in de-ionised (DI) water was first determined and found to be 6.85. The pH of control mix without multi-walled CNTs was 12.64 and the pH of test mix with multi-walled CNTs was 12.37. The percentage addition of multi-walled CNTs was very small and hence the reduction in alkalinity was found to be equally small. Flexural strength of test specimens showed 23%, 31.41% and 31.46% increase at 7, 28 and 45 days respectively over control specimens. Compressive strength of test specimens showed 6.1% increase at 28 days over control specimens. Application/Improvements: In view of improvement in flexural strength in mortar, addition of multi-walled CNTs to concrete elements may help in improving their performance under dynamic loading. Further improvements are required to study the effect of an increased percentage addition of multi-walled CNTs without any surface treatment and without any surfactant in cement sand mortar (1:3).

Keywords

Cement Sand Mortar, Compressive Strength, Flexural Strength, Multi-Walled CNT, pH Value.

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K. Srinivasan ¹

Affiliations
1 Madras Institute of Development Studies (MIDS), Chennai 600020, Tamil Nadu, IN

Abstract

This paper examines the recent trends in infant and child mortality and malnutrition levels in India, first nationally and with a study of four selected states. Kerala and Tamil Nadu are among the better-developed states while Bihar and Uttar Pradesh are less developed. While mortality levels among children have declined significantly in all the states, a corresponding decline in malnutrition levels was not apparent. India's ICDS programme is the world's largest programme of its kind. One of its major objectives is to meet the nutritional needs of children from six months to six years through supplemental feeding in the Anganwadi Centres. This paper analyzes components of the ICDS programme including budgetary provisions to determine the extent to which the programme has been successful in reducing malnutrition. The study first analyzed state-level and then district level data in Tamil Nadu. Household-level data from NFHS-3 showed that while there is good nutritional impact on the beneficiary children, a corresponding impact on the population is not seen. This means large numbers of malnourished children are added to this group every year which neutralizes the positive effects of supplemental feeding.

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B. Meenashree ¹, G. Kathiravan ¹, K. Srinivasan ², B. Rajangam ³

Affiliations
1 Department of Biotechnology, Vels University, VISTAS, Velan Nagar, Pallavaram, Chennai-117, IN
2 Department of Mathematics, Vels University, VISTAS, Velannagar, Pallavaram, Chennai-117, IN
3 University of Madras, Guindy campus, Chennai- 017, IN

Abstract

High phenolic content of Bacopa monnieri often causes browning of callus culture, to prevent this various hormones at different concentrations were used. 2,4dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), 1-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA), indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) and 6-benzylamino Purine (BAP) were used in the current study. Out of these plant hormones NAA gave healthy calli without any browning. 2,4-D was least preferable as it caused complete browning of the calli within a week. Apart from plant hormones other nutrients also played a major role in preventing the browning. The concentration of ammonium nitrate, potassium nitrate and sucrose was reduced. Reducing sucrose concentration affected the growth of the calli hence it did not help much, but reducing the amount of nitrate source in the media aided in preventing the browning. Addition of ascorbic acid (100mg/L) also stopped the browning.

Keywords

Callus Culture, Browning, Ascorbic Acid, 1-Naphthaleneacetic Acid, Nitrate.

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V. Geethaguru ¹, K. Srinivasan ², V. M. Periasamy ¹, R. Krishnamurthy ³

Affiliations
1 B.S. Abdur Rahman Crescent Engg. College, Anna University, Chennai, IN
2 College of Engg. Guindy, Anna University, Chennai, IN
3 IIT Madras, Chennai, IN

Abstract

This paper presents the results obtained and deductions made from spherical wear tests involving bronze shells against steel balls of 25 mm diameter. These tests were carried out using a specially developed spherical wear testing machine. (Indian Patent No. 198349/2003). Test runs lasting for 8150 minutes covers both the run-in and the mild wear regimes. The wear was estimated by direct mass loss method and correlated with surface profile measurements by periodic monitoring. The wear coefficient for this spherical interface was also computed. Macrographs of worn out surfaces, the variation in center-line average roughness parameter (Ra) of the shell, details of wear debris and the acoustic emission signals obtained are reported and discussed. In conclusion, this work, presents the wear characteristics of spherical contacts and attempts to standardize wear testing of spherical joints, like the standard pin-on-disc testing for planar interfaces.

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V. Jayaraj ¹, K. Srinivasan ²

Affiliations
1 K.C.G. College of Technology, Chennai-96, IN
2 Anna University, Chennai-25, IN

Abstract

Journal bearings are important type of fluid film bearings. Bearings without liquid lubricants find use in many areas from computer printers, toys to rocket engines. Dry bearings work with little or no liquid lubrication. Compared to rolling-element bearings, dry bearings are simpler to design, less expensive to purchase and maintain and they resist contamination better. Though accelerated wear tests are used to investigate the performance of dry bearings, it is always considered 'Gold Standards' to perform a physical test on the bearing concerned. In this study tribological performance of 25% glass filled PTFE bearing is investigated. The tribological behaviours are studied based on the effects of sliding distance, bearing pressure and low and medium speeds.

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Ismail ¹, R. Rajavel ¹, M. Ganesh ¹, M. Jagadeeswaran ¹, K. Srinivasan ¹, J. Valarmathi ¹, T. Sivakumar ¹

Affiliations
1 Nandha College of Pharmacy, Division of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Koorapalayam Pirivu, Erode-638052, Tamil Nadu, IN

Abstract

A simple, precise, accurate and rapid HPLC method has been developed, and validated for the determination of Aspirin, Atorvastatin and Pioglitazone simultaneously, in combined dosage form. Acetonitrile and phosphate buffer with pH 3.5 (40%:60% v/v) is used as the mobile phase, 261nm is the detection wavelength for this study. The applicability of the method for simultaneous determination of Aspirin, Atorvastatin and Pioglitazone was verified by the determination of these compounds in marketed tablets. Results of the analysis were validated statistically, and by recovery studies (98.29-101.12%). The recovery and RSD values within the limits given in ICH guide lines method developments indicates that the suitability of proposed methods for the routine determination of these compounds in tablets. The validation parameters: linearity (r>0.996), sensitivity (LOD (1.5-0.7×10^-4 mg ml^-1 and LOQ%x10^-4-1.05×10^-4), accuracy (recoveries:98.29-101.12%)and reproducibility were found to satisfactory. The proposed method can be successfully used to determine the drug contents of marketed formulation.

Keywords

RP-HPLC, Aspirin, Pioglitazone, Atorvastatin.

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R. D. Pennathur ¹, K. Srinivasan ¹

Affiliations
1 Nucor Group, Bangalore - 560 001, IN

Abstract

Maintenance Welding espouses the cause of conservation of fast dwindling scarce raw materials. Latest technologies available have regenerated worn-out/degraded components to their previous functional efficiency, which otherwise would have been consigned to scrapyard.

While the methods adopted are proven by experience of the field staff, a scientific approach is the need of the hour. This is all the more imperative as newer and newer alloy systems are coming into industrial use; as also stringent demands of Quality Assurance of the refurbished components are expected.

Nucor Group is engaged in this direction for a considerable time, as it is noted that this will ultimately benefit f\/laintenance Engineer in his day to day work. The basic concept and methodology are highlighted in this paper with specific reference.

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K. Srinivasan ¹, V. Balasubramanian ¹, M. Salahuddin ²

Affiliations
1 Centre for Materials Joining & Research (CEMAJOR), Department of Manufacturing Engineering, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar - 608002, Tamilnadu, IN
2 Clean Technology Division, Ministry of Environment & Forests, New Delhi - 110003, IN

Abstract

This paper reports the effect of welding heat input on welding emissions and its compositions during shielded metal arc welding (SMAW) of mildsteel plates. Five levels of heat input were used to fabricate the joints. Fume generation rate (FGR) and percent fume were determined by AWS methods. Composition of welding fume (particulate emission and gaseous emission) was evaluated. Mechanical properties (strength, hardness and toughness) and microstructural analysis of the weld deposits were evaluated. It is found that lower level of welding heat input is beneficial to weld mild steel by SMAW process due to lower level of welding emissions and superior mechanical properties of the joints.

Keywords

Shielded Metal Arc Welding, Fume Generation Rate, Mildsteel, Tensile Properties.

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R. Parkavi ¹, G. Madhan ², K. Srinivasan ², K. Sathishkumar ³, A. Chandramohan ⁴, K. Dinakaran ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Chemistry, Thiruvalluvar University, Vellore - 632115, India, IN
2 Department of Chemistry, Thiruvalluvar University, Vellore - 632115, India., IN
3 Department of Chemical Engineering, Sri Sivasubramaniya Nadar College of Engineering, Kalavakkam, Chennai - 603110, India .i, IN
4 Department of Chemical Engineering, Sri Sivasubramaniya Nadar College of Engineering, Kalavakkam, Chennai - 603110, India., IN

Abstract

We have synthesized new fluorescent organic molecules namely arylidene malanonitriles, through Knovenegal condensation reaction of aryl aldehydes and malanonitrile, which are capable of detectingCd2+and Cu2+ ions in water with sensitivity. The synthesized molecules are characterized through infrared spectrometry, high resolution Mass spectrometry and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance spectroscopy. The fluorescent organic molecules exhibited a fluorescent emission and significant UV-Vis absorption, the intensity of which is increased proportional to the addition of Cd2+ and Cu2+ ions. The lowest detection limit for the Cd2+and Cu2+ were found to be 2.0×10-10 M and 4×10-12 M, respectively.

Keywords

Knovenegal reaction, Malanonitrile, Fluorescent sensor, Photoluminescence, Heavy metal detection.

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