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Mamatha, K.
- A Prospective Study on ADR Monitoring in General Medicine Department
Authors
1 Department of Pharmacy Practice, M S Ramaiah University of Applied Sciences, Bangalore-560054, IN
Source
Journal of Pharmaceutical Research, Vol 14, No Special Ed (2015), Pagination: 77-77Abstract
Background: Adverse Drug Reactions (ADRs) are recognised hazards caused by any class of drugs. ADRs impose major effects on public health by reducing patient's quality of life and increasing financial burden.Aim: The objectives of the study were to analyse the pattern and extent of occurrence of ADR, to assess the causality and severity of ADR, to evaluate the management of ADR and to document and report the detected ADR.
Method: It is a hospital based prospective observational study which was carried out in inpatients of general medicine department over a 6 months period. The data obtained includes demographic details, past history, findings on general and systemic examination, laboratory investigation reports, diagnosis, treatment, description of reaction, date and time of onset of reaction, suspected drugs and management of ADR. ADRs obtained were categorized based on causality and severity. They were also be categorized based on consequence of ADR, the organ system affected, group of drugs involved, length of stay.
Results: A total number of 16 ADRs were found during the study period. Out of 16 ADRs, 3 (18.7%) ADR as a cause of admission and 13 (81.2%) ADRs occurring during the hospital stay.
Assessment of ADRs by Naranjo's showed that out of 16 ADRs 5(31.25%) were probable and 11 (68.75%) were possible and that of WHO showed 3 (18.75%) probable and 13 (81.25%) possible. Severity assessment showed that 62.5% were moderate and 37.5% were mild reactions. In our study, the ADRs were marginally more documented in females than in males. Systems most commonly affected were skin (56.25%), CNS (25.0%), GI (12.5%) and haemopoetic system (6.25%). Drug classes that are mostly associated with ADRs were antibiotics (37.5%).
Conclusion: In our study 16 ADRs were confirmed. Of which 3 (18.7%) ADR as cause of admission and 13 (81.2%) ADRs occurred during the hospital stay. Females are slightly more susceptible to ADR than males.
The age group highly affected was found to be in range of 25-40 years. The highly implicated class of drugs were antibiotics accounting for 37.5%. The highly affected organ system was skin (56.25%). Among the ADRs 62.5% were moderate and 37.5% were mild reactions.
Keywords
Adverse Drug Reaction, Causality, Severity.- Adsorption of Aqueous Solution of NO2 by Certain Waste Materials
Authors
1 Centre for Environment and Climate Change, Jawaharlal Nehru Institute of Advanced Studies, 6th floor, Buddha bhavan, Secunderabad – 500003, Andhra Pradesh, IN
Source
Asian Journal of Research in Chemistry, Vol 5, No 1 (2012), Pagination: 143-145Abstract
Nitrogen oxides are formed during high temperature combustion processes from the oxidation of nitrogen in the air or fuel. The principal source of nitrogen oxides - nitric oxide (NO) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2), collectively known as NOx - is road traffic. NO and NO2 concentrations are therefore greatest in urban areas where traffic is heaviest. Other important sources are power stations, heating plants and industrial processes. Long-term exposure to nitrogen dioxide may affect lung function and that exposure to nitrogen dioxide enhances the response to allergens in sensitized individuals. The feasibility of using waste materials as adsorbent for air pollutant NOx was evaluated in the present study. The experiments were carried out in laboratory on certain waste materials like Neem wood, brick powder, Coal and paper pulp. The experimental investigations were carried out by traditional adsorption studies and it showed that all substances have certain capacity to adsorb the NOx from aqueous solution of NOx. The adsorption of NOx due to Neem dust is 100%. The adsorption due to paper pulp is in the range of 85-100%. The adsorption by brick powder is about 85%. At lower concentration the adsorption is more compared to higher concentration. It is found that the adsorption increases with increase in surface area.Keywords
Air Pollution, NOx, Adsorption, Waste Materials, Neem Bark Dust, Brick Powder.- Fostering Employability - Synergy between Industry and Academia
Authors
1 Professor, Anurag Group of Institutions, Hyderabad, IN
2 Secretary, Anurag Group of Institutions, Hyderabad, IN