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Gulzar, Farzana
- Brand Failures-When do Good Brands do Bad " (A Case Study of Classic Example of Brand Failure:Pepsi Cafe Chino)
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1 The Business School, University of Kashmir, Hazratbal, Srinagar, 190006, Kashmir, IN
1 The Business School, University of Kashmir, Hazratbal, Srinagar, 190006, Kashmir, IN
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KHOJ: Journal of Indian Management Research and Practices, No 2015 Spl, Pagination: 94-101Abstract
Pepsi was first introduced as "Brad's Drink" in New Bern, North Carolina, United States, in 1898 by Caleb Bradham, who made it at his home where the drink was sold. It was later labeled Pepsi Cola, named after the digestive enzyme pepsin and kola nuts used in the recipe. Pepsi's branding for many years failed to give the product a stand-alone identity and introduced many extensions. Successful brand line extensions are not entirely new products; they are simply new branches on the main plant. In order to optimize the power of the overall brand, line extensions have to make sense, be part of a long-term plan and reflect the core images and message of the brand. The present study empirically tests the factors which are responsible for brand failure in emerging markets by analyzing the example of Pepsi café Chino. The basic aim of this piece of research is to understand the way consumers evaluate the reasons as to why brands fail and seeks to make an attempt to learn where the main threats lie for brand failures. After all, we learn more from failure than from success. Emerging Indian market has witnessed failures varying from low magnitude to very high magnitude, however not much research has been done in this area. The present study empirically tests the factors which are responsible for brand failure in these emerging markets. The objectives of the present study for the Brand under study are :
To identify the factors which have led to brand failure of the brand under study.
• To assess the underlying perceptions developed by consumers in emerging markets regarding as to why brands fail.
• To compare the brand failures viz a viz ideal brand concept in terms of consumer acceptance/importance using perceptual maps.
• To formulate an optimal strategy to avoid brand mistakes and escape brand failures.
The following hypothesis has been laid down as Null Form:
- H0 (I) There is a significant relationship between brand line extensions and brand failures.
- H0 (II) There is a significant difference between the perception of the companies and customers regarding the brand line extension products.
The total sample size of this survey was 1450. A stratified random sampling method was used for this study. Field interviews were conducted in the four cities with a proper self administered questionnaire. Each city was divided into our different regions-north, south, east and west. The total sample was distributed among each region of the three selected cities.The data was analysis was done through Descriptive Statistics, Aggregate Statistics, Factor Analysis,KMO And Bartlett's Test of Sphericity, conjoint analysis, cluster analysis ,MDS, Perceptual mapping, factor analysis etc for developing relevant and useful influences for achieving the objectives of the study and were used through SPSS.some of the main implications:
• Brands to be developed in emerging economies should concentrate on three major factors which include Positioning factor, Communication factor and Expectation factor.
• Brands developed in emerging economies should be differentiated products and consumers should perceive it.
• The net combined sales of the established product and the line extension product be greater than sales of the established product alone.
• In order to avoid brand failures and have acceptance of the brand extensions, companies should have well planned market entry strategy.
• It is strongly suggested that companies should develop and generate deep consumer insight with regard to their brands. This can be achieved by conducting in depth individual interviews with consumers before launch of extension products.
• It is also suggested that proper promotional plans should be followed by the companies for launch of product extensions.
• The companies' should try to make their consumers well informed about their policies about any change in the products.
• The ultimate aim of the company should be to save the image of the parent brand.
Keywords
Brand, Brand Line Extensions, Emerging Markets Pepsi Cafe Chino, Brand Failure, Consumer Evaluation.Full Text
- Understanding the Necessity to Bridge the Digital Divide:An Evaluative Study
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Authors
Affiliations
1 The Business School, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, Kashmir, Jammu & Kashmir, IN
1 The Business School, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, Kashmir, Jammu & Kashmir, IN
Source
International Journal of Knowledge Management and Practices, Vol 6, No 1 (2018), Pagination: 1-4Abstract
The term ‘Digital Divide’ refers to the difference in the amount of information among individuals who have an access to the Internet and those who lack such access. This gap includes imbalances in terms of access to Internet infrastructure, information and knowledge, and equality of opportunity depending on income, race, ethnicity, gender, or other similar criteria. This paper explores the meaning of digital divide and connects it to Indian scenario. It talks about the causes of digital divide in the society like gender, physical access, age, income, and lack of information and communication technology (ICT) skills. It also analyses the causes and remedies of Digital Divide and further discusses the role of digital libraries in eradicating the digital divide. Finally, the paper suggests some steps that need to be taken by government in order to bridge the digital divide in the country.Keywords
Digital Divide, Digital Libraries, Gender Divide, ICTs, Role of Government.
References
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- Gobhinda, C. G. (n.d.). Digital Divide: How can digital libraries bridge the gap?
- Hilbert, M. (2011, November). Digital gender divide or technologically empowered women in developing countries? A typical case of lies, damned lies, and statistics. Women’s Studies International Forum, 34(6), 479-489.
- Kukshal, A., & Pant, D. (2013, July). Bridging digital divide: Challenges in Uttarakhand. International Journal of Advanced Research in Computer Science and Software Engineering, 3(7), 1425-1428.
- Panda, M. I., Chhatar, M. C., & Bulu, D. M. (2013, December). A brief view to digital divide in Indian scenario. International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications, 3(12).
- Singh, D. S. (2010). Digital divide in India: Measurement, determinants and policy for addressing the challenges in bridging the digital divide. International Journal of Innovation in the Digital Economy, 1(2), 1-24.
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- Warschauer, M. (2003). Technology and social inclusion: Rethinking the digital divide. Boston: MIT Press.
- Study of Reengineering Practices in Tourism Industry
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Authors
Affiliations
1 Department of Management Studies, University of Kashmir, Jammu & Kashmir, IN
1 Department of Management Studies, University of Kashmir, Jammu & Kashmir, IN
Source
International Journal of Knowledge Management and Practices, Vol 6, No 2 (2018), Pagination: 52-59Abstract
The dynamic market conditions characterized by increasing competitive pressures and customer requirements have always prompted organizations (particularly, learning organizations) to adopt innovative management approaches for survival and attain a competitive advantage. Of the various innovative approaches, one that promises extraordinary benefits is the concept of Business Process Reengineering (BPR) introduced by Hammer in the 1990s. BPR brings sweeping changes in the ways organizations operate and serve. It involves a radical shift, a shift from a task orientation/functional orientation to a process orientation. Process Reengineering is a disruptive/obliterative approach; it does away with the existing systems – the organizational, the people, and the technical, thereby, completely transforming an organization. Reengineering efforts are directed toward the objectives of speed, compression, flexibility, quality, innovation, and productivity. The application of this approach can lead to the development of “customer oriented effective organizations”. On account of the large and exceptional benefits that BPR promises, it has appealed to and attracted many takers from various industries. Reengineering efforts have been initiated and applied worldwide in various fields (manufacturing, retailing, services) in public and private sectors, multinational corporations, and small and medium enterprises (SMEs). The tourism industry is one with a huge potential and contributes enormously to the economy of a country. Given the growth prospects of this industry, it becomes interesting and imperative to understand how the industry has been keeping pace with changes and adapting innovative approaches. The present study, therefore, is an attempt to provide an account of application of BPR in the field of tourism. BPR has to be a synergistic and synchronized effort. A number of factors exercise their influence in making reengineering projects successful but the Information Technology (IT) plays a pivotal role. The researchers intend to identify all the factors that affect the success of reengineering effort in the tourism industry with a special emphasis on the IT.Keywords
Business Process Reengineering, Tourism, Process Orientation, Information Technology (IT).References
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- Hammer, M., & Champy, J. (1993). Re-engineering the corporation: A manifesto for business revolution. London: Nicholas Brealey. DOI:10.1002/qre.4680100613
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- Antecedents of Entrepreneurial Intentions:A Conceptual Framework
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Authors
Affiliations
1 Department of Management Studies, University of Kashmir, Jammu & Kashmir, IN
1 Department of Management Studies, University of Kashmir, Jammu & Kashmir, IN
Source
Journal of Entrepreneurship & Management, Vol 8, No 1 (2019), Pagination: 48-53Abstract
Entrepreneurship is considered to be an important input in fuelling the economy. It is an attractive career choice for people particularly in the economies where unemployment is a serious issue. However, studies across the world have mostly confirmed that developing nations show low rate of entrepreneurship activities as compared to the developed nations. Therefore, various studies have been dedicated toward establishing the reasons behind low rate of entrepreneurship among various nations. Studies on the determinants of entrepreneurial intentions have been inconclusive. Literature suggests various pull and push factors that help in developing entrepreneurial intentions. Therefore, the current study discusses about the possible antecedents of entrepreneurial intentions that make it feasible as well as desirable as a career choice. The study also suggests a conceptual model that discusses about the factors that could be instrumental in developing entrepreneurial intentions.Keywords
Entrepreneurship, Entrepreneurial Intention, Entrepreneurial Behaviour, Education.References
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- Sexual Harassment of Women: A Conceptual Review
Abstract Views :247 |
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Authors
Affiliations
1 Department of Management Studies, University of Kashmir, Jammu & Kashmir, IN
2 ICMR Project, Jammu & Kashmir, IN
1 Department of Management Studies, University of Kashmir, Jammu & Kashmir, IN
2 ICMR Project, Jammu & Kashmir, IN
Source
Social Work Chronicle, Vol 9, No 1 (2020), Pagination: 39-47Abstract
Every individual has certain rights guaranteed by the law of the land, and these rights are important for an individual to lead a life worth living. As the world is evolving with each passing minute and man is trying to reach the apex of civilization, there are certain issues that need to be addressed so that everyday life remains beautiful to all with no gender bias. One important issue that women face is harassment, which can take many forms. Although the definition of it is seemingly different for everyone, the outcome of harassment is a common thread. The paper is an attempt to understand the causes and impact of harassment, and the genesis of legal framework to address the issue.Keywords
Harassment, Equality, Stress.- An Insight into the Factors Affecting Women Technopreneurs
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Authors
Affiliations
1 Research Scholar, Department of Management Studies, University of Kashmir, Jammu & Kashmir, IN
2 Senior Assistant Professor, Department of Management Studies, University of Kashmir, Jammu & Kashmir, IN
1 Research Scholar, Department of Management Studies, University of Kashmir, Jammu & Kashmir, IN
2 Senior Assistant Professor, Department of Management Studies, University of Kashmir, Jammu & Kashmir, IN
Source
International Journal of Knowledge Management and Practices, Vol 8, No 1 (2020), Pagination: 33-40Abstract
Purpose: Participation of women in different types of entrepreneurship is on an all-time high with females actively embarking on these fields to pursue a career. Technology-based businesses have always been the domain of men essentially because of the field’s maledominated character. Despite of this fact, many women have ventured into this industry against all odds and made inroads in this field. However, the population of women entrepreneurs in technology sector is still marginal primarily because the climate for female technopreneurship in the country is not yet positive. The purpose of this paper is to investigate and examine into the various motivating and inhibiting factors that affect existing or potential women entrepreneurs in the technology field. The study will provide deeper insights to women considering starting a technopreneurial venture and has policy implications. Methodology: For the purpose of this study, insights were derived through an extensive review of theoretical and empirical papers on women entrepreneurship and women technopreneurship.
Objectives:
● To provide an account of women technopreneurship
● To identify and explain the various motivating and inhibiting factors that affect women technopreneurs
Keywords
Women Entrepreneurship, Technopreneurship, Inhibiting Factors, Motivating Factors.- Performance Appraisal System: A Study on Employees Central Issues and Challenges in Healthcare
Abstract Views :272 |
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Authors
Affiliations
1 Department of Management Studies, University of Kashmir, Jammu & Kashmir, IN
2 ICMR Project, Jammu & Kashmir, IN
1 Department of Management Studies, University of Kashmir, Jammu & Kashmir, IN
2 ICMR Project, Jammu & Kashmir, IN
Source
Journal of Organization and Human Behaviour, Vol 9, No 1&2 (2020), Pagination: 21-29Abstract
The purpose of this paper is to review the findings of research papers of various authors to derive the main issues, problems and challenges faced by the healthcare employees with respect to the practice and implementation of effective performance appraisal system (PAS) that impacts employee satisfaction, trust, commitment and retention in a work environment. Findings were categorized using a framework analysis. This approach gives rise to a hierarchical thematic framework, which is then used to classify findings according to key themes and emergent categories. Four major themes emerged from the analysis of the research studies. All the problems and challenges are categorized in the following themes in a conceptual manner: contextual problems, problems related to performance appraisal (PA) structure, problems related to PA process, problems related to PA results. Based on our understanding of the papers reviewed by us, suggestions are drawn which give a holistic view on the issues and problems faced by the employees w.r.t. the PAS and various practices that organizations should adopt so that their employees perceive this system as unbiased, challenge free and satisfying. Keeping in mind the end goal to accomplish quality patient care and most extreme employee satisfaction, the current PAS being led in the healthcare organizations should be changed and amended to a great extentKeywords
Performance Appraisal System, Rater Motivation, Employee Satisfaction, Organizational Context, Meritocratic Abilities.- Role of Government Support System in Promoting Entrepreneurship Development Programs(EDP’s) in J&K: An Empirical Study
Abstract Views :361 |
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Authors
Affiliations
1 Department of Management Studies, University of Kashmir, Jammu & Kashmir, IN
1 Department of Management Studies, University of Kashmir, Jammu & Kashmir, IN