Open Access Open Access  Restricted Access Subscription Access
Open Access Open Access Open Access  Restricted Access Restricted Access Subscription Access

Transgender: Revisiting the Concepts and Context


Affiliations
1 Department of Psychology, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
     

   Subscribe/Renew Journal


There are many misconceptions over the concept of transgender , which had immense impact on the life of the transgender people. They were ostracized by the mainstream society because of the concept of sex-gender binary. And the concept of cure made their life miserable for quite a long time. In line with this, research around the life of the transgender people majorly focused on biological, medical and pathological aspects. Researches were often done on trans people attending clinics, and the findings got generalized on whole transgender population. Only recently the lived experience of the transgender people started getting research attention, which is expected to create a space for the transgendered people to come out and exercise their agency .

Keywords

transgender , gender binary , gender identity , experienced gender , stigma
Subscription Login to verify subscription
User
Notifications
Font Size


  • American Psychiatric Association (1980). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (3rd ed.). Washington, D.C.: American Psychiatric Press.
  • American Psychiatric Association (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5th ed.). Washington, D.C.: American Psychiatric Press.
  • American Psychological Association (2014). https://www.apa.org/topics/lgbtq/t ransgender
  • American Psychological Association (n.d.). Answers to your questions about transgender people, gender identity, and gender expression. Retrieved 28.06.2022, from https://www.apa.org/topics/lgbtq/transgender.pdf
  • Badgett, M.V.L., Sear, B., Lau, H., & Ho, D. (2009). Bias in the workplace: Consistent evidence of sexual orientation and gender identity discrimination 1998-2008. CK Law Review, 84(2), 559-595.
  • Bilodeau, B. (2003). Gender queer: Understanding transgender student identities. Paper presented at the AERA Research on Women in Education Annual Conference, Knoxville, TN.
  • Bilodeau, B. (2005). Beyond the gender binary: A case study of two transgender students at a Midwestern research university. Journal of Gay and Lesbian Issues in Education, 3(1), 29-44.
  • Bornstein, K. (1994). Gender outlaw: On men, women and the rest of us. New York: Routledge: New York.
  • Butler, J. (1986). Sex and gender in simone de beauvoir's second sex. Yale French Studies, No. 72, Simone de Beauvoir: Witness to a Century, 35-49.
  • Butler, J. (1990). Gender trouble: Feminism and the subversion of identity. Routledge. Carroll, L. & Gilroy, P. J. (2002). Transgender issues in counselor preparation.Counselor Education and Supervision, 41(3), 233-242.
  • Census of India (2011). Transgender in India. https://www.census2011.co.in/transgender.php
  • D'Augelli, A. R. (1994). Identity development and sexual orientation: Toward a model of lesbian, gay, and bisexual development. In E. J. Trickett, R. J. Watts, and D.
  • Birman (Eds.), Human diversity: Perspectives on people in context. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
  • Delliswararao, K., & Hangsing, C. (2018). Socio-cultural exclusion and inclusion of trans-genders in India. International Journal of Social Sciences and Management, 5(1), 10-17.
  • Dewey, J. M., & Gesbeck, M. M. (2017). (Dys) functional diagnosing: Mental health diagnosis, medicalization, and the making of transgender patients. Humanity and Society, 41(1), 37-72. https://doi.org/10.1177/0160597615604651
  • Elkins, R., & King, D. (1996). Blending genders: An introduction. In R. Elkins and D. King (Eds.), Blending genders: Social aspects of cross-dressing and sex changing. New York: Routledge.
  • Friedman, M.S., Marshal, M.P., Guadamuz, T.E., Wei, C., Wong, C.F., Saewyc, E., & Stall, R. (2011) A meta-analysis of disparities in childhood sexual abuse, parental physical abuse, and peer victimization among sexual minority and sexual non- minority individuals. American Journal of Public Health, 101, 1481-1494.
  • George, A., Janardhana, N., & Muralidhar, D. (2015). Quality of life of transgender older adults. International Journal of Humanities Social Science Invention, 4(6), 7-11.
  • Gerhardstein, K. R. (2010). Attitudes toward transsexual people: Effects of gender and appearance. Indiana State University, Pro Quest Dissertations Publishing, 3404436. Retrieved on November 22, 2016 from http://search.proquest.com/docview/51 6293566
  • Grossman, A.H., & D'Augelli, A.R. (2006). Transgender youth: Invisible and vulnerable. Journal of Homosexuality, 51(1), 111-128.
  • Human Rights Campaign (n.d.). Sexual orientation and gender identity definitions. Retrieved April 07, 2022, from http://www.hrc.org/resources/sexual-orientation- and-gender-identity-terminology-and-definitions on April 07, 2022.
  • Human Rights Campaign Foundation Campaign (n.d.). Retrieved April 07, 2022, from https://www.hrc.org/resources/fatal-violence-against-the-transgender -and-gender- non-conforming-community-in-2022.
  • Intersex Society of North America (n.d.). What is inter sex? interact: Advocates for inter sex youth. Retrieved July 10, 2018, from http://www.isna.org/faq/what_ is_intersex
  • Kosciw, J. G., Greytak, E. A., Diaz, E. M., & Bartkiewicz, M. J. (2009). The 2009 national school climate survey. Retrieved May 09, 2018 from www.glsen.org/rese arch.
  • Lopez, G. (2016). From poverty to poor health outcomes, there's still a lot of progress left to be made. Retrieved on March 08, 2021 from https://www.vox.com/identit ies/2016/12/8/13890996/trans-survey.
  • Maharaj, Z. (1995). A social theory of gender: Connell's gender and power. Feminist Review, 49, 50-65.
  • Mogul, J. L., Ritchi, A.J., & Whitlock, K. (2012). Queer (In) justice: The criminalization of LGBT people in the United States. Boston, MA: Beacon Press.
  • Naskar, P., Roy, S., Naskar, S., & Gupta, I. (2018). An assessment of quality of life of transgender adults in an urban area of Burdwan district, West Bengal. International Journal of Community Medicine and Public Health, 5(3), 1089-1095.
  • Nuttbrock, L., Bockting, W.O., Hwahng, S., Rosenblum, A., Mason, M., Macri, M., & Becker, J. (2009). Gender identity affirmation among male-to-female transgender persons: A life course analysis across types of relationships and cultural/lifestyle factors. Sexual and Relationship Therapy, 24(2), 108-125. doi: 10.1080/146819909 02926764.
  • Peoples' Union for Civil Liberties, Karnataka (2003). Human rights violations against the transgender community. Retrieved April 10, 2021, from http://puclkarnataka.org
  • Poguri, M., Sarkar, S., & Hawa, S.N. (2016). A pilot study to assess emotional distress and quality of life among transgenders in South India. Neuropsychiatry, 6(1), 22-27.
  • Polat, A., Yuksel, S., Discigil, A.G., & Meteris, H. (2005) Family attitudes toward transgendered people in Turkey: Experience from a secular Islamic country. International Journal of Psychiatry Medicine, 35(4), 383-393.
  • Pusch, R. (2005). Objects of curiosity: Transgender college students' perception of the reactions of others. Journal of Gay and Lesbian Issues in Education, 3(1), 45-61.
  • Rankin, S. R. (2003). Campus climate for gay, lesbian, bisexual, and transgender people: A national perspective. New York: National Gay and Lesbian Task Force Policy Institute.
  • Reissman, H. (2015, June 8). 7 talks on the transgender experience. TED Blog. http://blog.ted.com/7-talks-on-the-transgender-experience/
  • Rubin, H. S. (1998). Phenomenology as method in trans studies. GLQ: A Journal of Lesbian and Gay Studies, 4(2), 263-281.
  • Ryan, C., Huebner, D., Diaz, R. M., & Sanchez, J. (2009). Family rejection as a predictor of negative health outcomes in white and Latino Lesbian, gay, and bisexual young adults. Pediatrics, 123(1), 346-352. doi: 10.1542/peds.2007-3524
  • Schaefer, L. C., & Wheeler, C. C. (2004). Guilt in cross gender identity conditions: Presentations and treatment. Journal of Gay and Lesbian Psychotherapy, 8(½), 117- 127.
  • Seil, D. (2004). The diagnosis and treatment of transgendered patients. Journal of Gay and Lesbian Psychotherapy, 8(½), 99-116.
  • Sengupta, I. (2005). Human rights of minority and women's: Transgender human rights. Kolkata: Gyan Publishing House.
  • Stewart, L. P., Cooper, P. J., Stewart, A. D., & Friedley, S. A. (2003). Communication and gender (4th Ed). London: Pearson.
  • Walker, C.A., Cohen, H., & Jenkins, D. (2016). An older transgender woman's quest for identity. Journal of Psychosocial Nursing & Mental Health Services, 54(2), 31-38. doi: 10.3928/02793695-20160119-04.
  • Wilchins, R. A. (1997). Read my lips: Sexual subversion and the end of gender. New York: Firebrand Books.
  • Wilchins, R. A. (2002). Queerer bodies. In J. Nestle, C. Howell, and R. A. Wilchins (Eds.), Gender queer: Voices from beyond the sexual binary. Los Angeles: Alyson.

Abstract Views: 111

PDF Views: 0




  • Transgender: Revisiting the Concepts and Context

Abstract Views: 111  |  PDF Views: 0

Authors

Sonali De
Department of Psychology, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, West Bengal, India

Abstract


There are many misconceptions over the concept of transgender , which had immense impact on the life of the transgender people. They were ostracized by the mainstream society because of the concept of sex-gender binary. And the concept of cure made their life miserable for quite a long time. In line with this, research around the life of the transgender people majorly focused on biological, medical and pathological aspects. Researches were often done on trans people attending clinics, and the findings got generalized on whole transgender population. Only recently the lived experience of the transgender people started getting research attention, which is expected to create a space for the transgendered people to come out and exercise their agency .

Keywords


transgender , gender binary , gender identity , experienced gender , stigma

References





DOI: https://doi.org/10.15614/ijpp%2F2022%2Fv13i2%2F215373