Experimental Investigation on Dimensional Characteristics and Surface Morphology of Microchannels Fabricated on Smart Ceramic by DPSS Nd:YAG Laser

Smart ceramic material like barium titanate (BaTiO₃) is in high demand in today's highly competitive precision industries; as it has numerous applications in electronic, biomedical, and aerospace engineering. In this endeavor, laser micro-milling approach (LMMA) has been attempted with a suitable experimental design plan; to scrutinize the laser influencing variables against the LMMA outcomes during the processing of BaTiO3 throughout the fabrication of micro-channels. This article presents an investigational act on the fabricated micro-channels to discern the impacts of LMMA parameters (gas pressure, scan strategy, current and scanning speed) against the dimensional (like deviations in channel upper and lower width) and surface characteristics of the surface feature. The surface morphology study has been accomplished with the support of energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) in conjunction with scanning electron microscope (SEM) to scrutinize the elemental alterations and surface characteristics at the zone of laser ablation. A statistical multi-objective optimization (MOO) technique known as grey relational analysis (GRA) has been used later in this paper to predict an optimal parametric setting. The MOO results’ efficacy has been validated further in the corroboration assessments, the predicted optimal solutions have been obtained with an error of 4.57 %, 3.89 % and 4.88 % for W-RCL, LWD and UWD respectively.