The International Journal of Biomedical and Healthcare Science (IJBHS) aims to advance and foster cutting edge research in the multi-disciplinary area of biomedical engineering and healthcare science. Medical science is rapidly incorporating advances in science and technology that are combining to produce more accurate diagnoses, more effective treatments with fewer side effects, and improved ability to prevent disease and provide superior quality healthcare. One of the fields’ central to this endeavour is biomedical engineering and technology.