Journal of Surface Science and Technology

Open Access Open Access  Restricted Access Subscription Access
Open Access Open Access Open Access  Restricted Access Restricted Access Subscription Access

Shampoos Then and Now: Synthetic Versus Natural


Affiliations
1 Department of Physics, School of Physical Sciences, Sikkim University, 6th Mile, Samdur, Tadong, Gangtok, Sikkim-737 102, India
     

   Subscribe/Renew Journal


Hair care has been important to mankind from times immemorial. The market today is replete with synthetic hair care products, pushing natural materials to the background. These natural materials, being produced from plants, are bio-degradable and non-toxic. In a bid to investigate natural products, we studied the surface tension, foaming and relevant parameters of natural surfactants extracted from Shikakai (Acacia concinna) and Seto Siris (Albizia procera), traditionally used in hair care. In order to get a better understanding, Johnson's Baby Shampoo has also been studied. Shikakai showed very prominent surface tension reduction and high foaming, showing that it can be a potential candidate for good hair care. These effects are not so prominent for Seto Siris. However, as it is widely available in the hills, large quantities can be used. Qualitative measurement of their cleaning properties and subsequent comparison with commercial shampoo show that both plants have a large potential in providing nontoxic natural hair care products.

Keywords

Natural Surfactants, Foam Formation, Foam Stability, Surface Tension.
Subscription Login to verify subscription
User
Notifications
Font Size


  • A. H. Saad and R. B. Kadhim, "Formulation and Evaluation of Herbal Shampoo from Ziziphusspina Leaves Extract", International Journal of Research in Ayurveda and Pharmacy, 2, 1802-1806 (2011).

  • Consumer Voice, Mar-Apr 2001, Attributed to in Toxics Link Factsheet Number 16/June 2002 Assessed on 21st Feb 2014, http://toxicslink.org/docs/06031_Detergent_Factheet_English.pdf.

  • Global Healing Centre, (1998), "The Benefits of Organic Laundry Detergent" Accessed on 28th Aug 2012, http://www.globalhealingcenter.com/miscellaneoushealthand-wellness/organic-laundry-detergent.

  • D. F. Ogeleka, L. I. Ezemonye and F. E. Okieimen, "The Toxicity of a Synthetic Industrial Detergent and a Corrosion Inhibitor to Brackish Water Fish (Tilapia guineensis)", Turk J. Biol., 35, 161-166 (2011).

  • M. A. Lewis, "Chronic Toxicities of Surfactants and Detergent Builders to Algae : A Review and Risk Assessment", Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 20, 123-140 (1990).

  • T. Madsen, H. B. Boyd, D. Nylen, A. R. Pedersen, G. I. Petersen and F. Simonsen, Environmental and Health Assessment of Substances in Household Detergents and Cosmetic Detergent Products, Environmental Project, 615 (2001).

  • "Contact Dermatitis-Soaps and Detergents", Accessed on 6th Aug 2013, http://telemedicine.org/soaps.htm.

  • B. Bridges, "Fragrance : Emerging Health and Environmental Concerns", Flavour Fragr. J., 17, 361-371 (2002).

  • Eco Logical Surfactant, (2012), "Saponins", Accessed on 26th July 2012, http://www.ecologicalsurfactants.com/saponin.

  • I. L. Finar, Organic Chemistry, Stereochemistry and the Chemistry of Natural Products: In Saponins, 5th Edn., Dorling Kindersley (India) Pvt. Ltd. Pearson Education, South Asia, 2, 532 (2008).

  • W. Oleszek, Z. Bialy, "Chromatographic Determination of Plant Saponins-An Update (2002-2005)", Journal of Chromatography A, 1112, 78-91 (2006).

  • Flowers of India, "Shikakai", Accessed on 21st Aug 2012, http://www.flowersofindia.net/catalog/slides/Shikakai.html.

  • Biodiversity of India, (2010), "Acacia concinna" Accessed on 21st Aug 2012, http://www.biodiversityofindia.org/index.php?title=Acacia_concinna.

  • Orwa et al. (2009), "Albizia procera", Accessed on 16th July 2012, http://www.worldagroforestry.org/treedb/AFTPDFS/Albizia_procera.pdf.

  • A. R. Mainkar, C. I. Jolly, "Evaluation of commercial herbal shampoos", Int. J. Cosmet. Sci., 22, 385-391 (2000).

  • A. Sofowora, Screening Plants for Bioactive Agents. In : Medicinal Plants and Traditional Medicine in Africa, 2nd Edn., Spectrum Books Ltd., Sunshine House, Ibadan, Nigeria, 134-156 (1993).

  • J. Drelich, Ch. Fang, And C. L. White, "Measurement of Interfacial Tension in Fluid-Fluid Systems", Encyclopaedia of Surface and Colloid Science, 3152-3166 (2002).

  • H. Ritacco, P-A. Albouy, A. Bhattacharyya and D. Langevin, "Influence of the Polymer Backbone Rigidity on Polyelectrolyte-Surfactant Complexes at the Air/Water Interface", Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 2, 5243-5251 (2000).

  • S. C. Sharma, L. K. Shrestha and K. Aramaki, "Foam Stability Study of Dilute Aqueous Nonionic Fluorinated Surfactant Systems", J. Nepal Chem. Soc., 22, 47-54 (2007).

  • U. K. Sur and A. Bhattacharyya, (2013), Emerging Frontiers in Material Science, Chapter 3, LAP Lambert Academic Publishing, Saarbucken, Germany.

  • A. Bhattacharyya, F. Monroy, D. Langevin and J-F. Argillier, "Surface Rheology and Foam Stability of Mixed Surfactant Polyelectrolyte Solutions", Langmuir, 16, 8727-8732 (2000).

  • K. Lunkenheimer and K. Malysa, "Simple and Generally Applicable Method of Determination and Evaluation of foam Properties", Journal of Surfactant and Detergent, 6, 69-74 (2003).

  • I. Edinzo, A. Jose, F. Ana and S. Jean-Louis, "A New Method to Estimate the Stability of Short-life Foams", Colloids and Surfaces A : Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects, 98, 167-174 (1995).

  • S. C. Kothekar, A. M. Ware, J. T. Waghmare and S. A. Momin, "Comparative Analysis of the Properties of Tween-20, Tween-60, Tween-80, Arlacel-60, and Arlacel-80", Journal of Dispersion Science and Technology, 28, 477-484 (2007).

  • L. Arnaudov, N. D. Denkov, I. Surcheva, P. Durbut, G. Broze and A. Mehreteab, "Effect of Oily Additives on Foamability and Foam Stability. I. Role of Interfacial Properties", Langmuir, 17, 6999 (2001).

  • Y-F. Chen, C-H. Yang, M-S. Chang, Y-P. Ciou and Y-C. Huang, "Foam Properties and Detergent Abilities of the Saponins from Camellia oleifera", Int. J. Mol.Sci., 11, 4417-4425 (2010).

  • H. Seyferth and O. M. Morgan, "The Canvas Disc Wetting Test", Am Dyestuff Reptr, 27, 525-532 (1977).

  • A. Kumar and R. R. Mali, "Evaluation of Prepared Shampoo Formulations and to Compare Formulated Shampoo with Marketed Shampoos", International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences Review and Research, 3, 120-126 (2010).

  • Sharma, P. P., "Cosmetic Formulation Manufacturing and Quality Control", 3rd ed., Vandana Publication, Delhi, 644-647 (2002).

  • K. S. Birdi, (2010), Surface and Colloid Chemistry Principles and Applications, CRC Press, Taylor and Francis Group. UK.

  • D. Myers, (1999,) Surfaces, Interfaces, and Colloids : Principles and Applications, Second Edition, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

  • M. K. Sharma, D. O. Shah and W. E. Brigham, "The Influence of Temperature on Surface and Microscopic Properties of Surfactant Solutions in Relation to Fluid Displacement Efficiency in Porous" AIChE Journal, 31, 222-228 (1985).

  • P. S. Piispanen, (2002), Synthesis and Characterization of Surfactants Based on Natural Products, Thesis, Kungl Tekniska Hogskolan, Stockholm.

  • L. K. Shrestha, D. P. Acharya, S. C. Sharma, K. Aramaki, H. Asaoka, K. Ihara, T. Tsunehiro and H. Kunieda, "Aqueous foam stabilized by dispersed surfactant solid and lamellar liquid crystalline phase" Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, 301, 274-281 (2006).

  • A. Bhattacharyya, F. Monroy, D. Langevin and J-F. Argillier, "Surface Rheology and Foam Stability of Mixed Surfactant 0Polyelectrolyte Solutions", Langmuir, 16, 8727-8732 (2000).

  • R. Mousli and A. Tazerouti, "Direct Method of Preparation of Dodecanesulfonamide Derivatives and Some Surface Properties", J. Surf. Deterg., 10, 279-285 (2007).

  • G. Pratap and V. S. B. Rao, "Evaluation of Surface Active Properties of Saponins Isolated from Acacia concinna D. C. Pods," European Journal of Lipid Science and Technology, 89, 205-208 (1987).


Abstract Views: 372

PDF Views: 2




  • Shampoos Then and Now: Synthetic Versus Natural

Abstract Views: 372  |  PDF Views: 2

Authors

Ambika Pradhan
Department of Physics, School of Physical Sciences, Sikkim University, 6th Mile, Samdur, Tadong, Gangtok, Sikkim-737 102, India
Amitabha Bhattacharyya
Department of Physics, School of Physical Sciences, Sikkim University, 6th Mile, Samdur, Tadong, Gangtok, Sikkim-737 102, India

Abstract


Hair care has been important to mankind from times immemorial. The market today is replete with synthetic hair care products, pushing natural materials to the background. These natural materials, being produced from plants, are bio-degradable and non-toxic. In a bid to investigate natural products, we studied the surface tension, foaming and relevant parameters of natural surfactants extracted from Shikakai (Acacia concinna) and Seto Siris (Albizia procera), traditionally used in hair care. In order to get a better understanding, Johnson's Baby Shampoo has also been studied. Shikakai showed very prominent surface tension reduction and high foaming, showing that it can be a potential candidate for good hair care. These effects are not so prominent for Seto Siris. However, as it is widely available in the hills, large quantities can be used. Qualitative measurement of their cleaning properties and subsequent comparison with commercial shampoo show that both plants have a large potential in providing nontoxic natural hair care products.

Keywords


Natural Surfactants, Foam Formation, Foam Stability, Surface Tension.

References