Refine your search
Collections
Co-Authors
Journals
A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z All
Srikanth, M.
- Social Problems in India
Abstract Views :222 |
PDF Views:0
Authors
Source
Journal of Rural Development, Vol 37, No 1 (2018), Pagination: 154-155Abstract
Each chapter of this book highlights a unique social problem, potential reasons behind it and plausible solutions to eradicate the same. If not addressed, these problems may plunge the nation into darkness and lead the country into socio-economic backwardness. The editors of the book made a good attempt to compile 15 articles on various burning issues the Indian society has been facing. One of the authors elaborated the evil of corruption which is the most pertinent issue today. He remarks that corruption in a civilised society is like a deadly disease, which will lead to disastrous consequences for the country in general and the society in particular, if not prevented through proper measures.
- Farmers' Risk Coping Strategies in Rain-Fed Agricultural Regions:An Empirical Study from India
Abstract Views :180 |
PDF Views:0
Authors
Affiliations
1 Associate Professor, Centre for Climate Change and Disaster Management, NIRDPR, IN
2 Associate Professor & Head, Centre for Financial Inclusion and Entrepreneurship, NIRDPR, IN
3 Research Associate, Centre for Wage Employment, NIRDPR, IN
1 Associate Professor, Centre for Climate Change and Disaster Management, NIRDPR, IN
2 Associate Professor & Head, Centre for Financial Inclusion and Entrepreneurship, NIRDPR, IN
3 Research Associate, Centre for Wage Employment, NIRDPR, IN
Source
Journal of Rural Development, Vol 38, No 4 (2019), Pagination: 653-674Abstract
Drought is as natural as climate and its variability. We are motivated to conduct the present research study with a special focus on risk coping strategies of farmers in rain-fed agricultural States of Karnataka, Maharashtra, and Madhya Pradesh – in three out of the 'Big Five' States in India.
Through primary data, we found that there is a substantial decline of 71.8 per cent in the total income of the respondents in the three study regions during the drought period. The extent of inequality in the incomes in the sample households is also high at 0.87 (Gini-coefficient) during the normal rainfall year and this declined to 0.25 during the drought period indicating that the inequality in the income distribution of the sample group is relatively lower during the drought period. While large and medium farmers households are the worst affected due to occurrence of drought, small and marginal farmers are relatively unscathed as they might have depended on other sources of income during the drought period.
Most of the farmers could not repay the loans as they are unable to receive remunerative prices for their agricultural produce and some of them are expecting loan waivers from the government. Our results showed that adopting crop saving irrigation followed by cultivating long duration crops, and using family labour to reduce cost of cultivation are the most preferred strategies embraced by the farmers when they face early drought situation.
Keywords
Risk Coping Strategies, Rain-Fed Agriculture, Drought, Farmers, India, Karnataka, Maharashtra, Madhya Pradesh.References
- Adger, W.N.; S Huq, K Brown, D. Conway and M. Hulme (2003), "Adaptation to Climate Change in the Developing World", Progress in Development Studies, 3 (3): 179-195.
- Choudhury, P. R.; and Sindhi S (2017), "Improving the Drought Resilience of the Small Farmer Agroecosystem", Economic & Political Weekly. LII (32): 41-46.
- Chowdhury, A., Dandekar, M.M. and Raut, P.S (1989). "Variability of drought incidence over India: A Statistical Approach", Mausam, 40 (2): 207-214.
- Denevan, W M (1995), "Prehistoric Agricultural Methods as Models for Sustainability". Adv. Plant Pathology. 11: 21-43.
- Dogra, Bharat (2016), "Bundelkhand Drought: Linking Short-term Urgent Relief with Longer-term Sustainable Development and Protection of Environment", Mainstream, 54 (25):32-35 (June).
- Goswami BN (2006), "Increasing trend of extreme rain events and possibility of extremes of seasonal mean Indian monsoon in a warming world" (http://saarcsdmc.nic.in/pdf/workshops/Kathmandu/pres 16.pdf)
- India Meteorological Department (2018), Ministry of Earth Sciences, Government of India, http://www.imd.gov.in; accessed on May 17, 2018.
- Kaur, Pavneet and Kaur, Manpreet (2016), "Indebtedness and Farmer Suicides in Punjab", Agricultural Situation in India, December, pp.23-27.
- National Crime Records Bureau NCRB (2014), (various Issues). Annual report titled 'Accidental Deaths and Suicides in India' (ADSI).
- NRSC (2008). Agricultural Drought. New Delhi: National remote Sensing Centre, Indian Space Research Organization, Department of Space, Government of India, http://www.dsc.nrsc.gov.in/DSC/Drought.index.jsp?include1=homelink2_bi.jsp&&include2=homelink2_b2.jsp.
- O’Farrell.; P J and P M L Anderson (2010), "Sustainable Multifunctional Landscapses: A Review to Implementation", Current Opinions in Enviornmental Sustainability, 2: 59-65.
- Rangarajan, C.; and Kannan, R (2018), "Analysing Rainfall Impact on Farm Output", Business Line, May 17, pp.8.
- Reserve Bank of India (2013), Reserve Bank of India Annual Report 2012-13, Mumbai.
- Singh, A.K (2013), "Income and Livelihood Issues of Farmers: A Field Study in Uttar Pradesh", Agricultural Economics Research Review, Vol. 26, Conference Number, pp.86-96.
- Singh, R. M (2016). Union Minister for Agriculture, Economic Times, February 13. https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/economy/agriculture/91-land-holding-would-belong-to-small-farmers-by-2030-radha-mohan-singh/articleshow/50978336.cms
- Sainath P (2000), "Everybody Loves a Good Drought", New Delhi, Penguin India Limited.
- Srinivasarao, Ch.; Ravindra Chary, G., Mishra, PK, Nagarjuna Kumar, R., Maruthi Sankar, GR., Venkateswarulu, B and Sikka, AK (2013), "Real Time Contingency Planning: Initial Experiences from AICRPDA". Published by Central Research Institute for Dryland Agriculture, Hyderabad.
- The Economic Survey 2017-18 (2018), Agriculture & Food Management, Government of India, Vol. 2:99-119.
- Van Loon.; A F, T Gleeson, J Clark, A I J M Van Dijk, K Stahl, J Hannaford, G Di Baldassarre, A J Teuling, I M tallaksen, R Uijlenhoet, D M Hannah, J Sheffield, M Svobada, B verbeiren, T Wagener, S Rangecroft, N Wanders and H A J Van Lanen (2016), Drought in the Antropocene, Nature Geoscience, 9:89-91.
- Wilhite D A.; and M H Glantz (1985), Understanding the Drought Phenomenon: The Role of Definitions, Water Int, 10: 111-120.
- Wilhite D A.; MV K Sivakumar and Pulwarty (2014), "Managing Drought Risk in a Changing Climate: The Role of National Drought Policy." Weather and Climate Extremes. 3: 4-13.
- Whether the Self-Help Group - Bank Linkage Programme is Sustainable? An Empirical Evidence from India
Abstract Views :97 |
PDF Views:0
Authors
M. Srikanth
1,
Lagesh M. A.
2
Affiliations
1 Associate Professor & Head, Centre for Entrepreneurship Development & Financial Inclusion, NIRDPR, Hyderabad - 500030, IN
2 Assistant Professor, Department of Economics, IBS Hyderabad, Shankarapalli Road, Hyderabad - 501203, IN
1 Associate Professor & Head, Centre for Entrepreneurship Development & Financial Inclusion, NIRDPR, Hyderabad - 500030, IN
2 Assistant Professor, Department of Economics, IBS Hyderabad, Shankarapalli Road, Hyderabad - 501203, IN
Source
Journal of Rural Development, Vol 40, No 3 (2021), Pagination: 351-372Abstract
In this paper, we examined the sustainability of Self-Help Group-Bank Linkage Programme (SHG- BLP) in India by collecting primary data on 133 SHGs across three states namely, Andhra Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh and Odisha. By constructing a composite index on various forms of sustainability of the SHGs, we found that about two-thirds of the SHGs have a ‘medium level of sustainability’ and over one-fifth of them have a ‘high level of sustainability.’ While Andhra Pradesh and Odisha (with low and medium levels of NPAs, respectively, compared to the national average) possess SHGs with ‘medium to high’ composite sustainability, Madhya Pradesh (with a high level of NPAs) has SHGs associated with ‘low to medium’ composite sustainability. Our findings have policy implications for the stakeholders since the lower level of NPAs reflects the longer sustainability of the SHG-BLP.Keywords
Micro Finance, SHG-BLP, Sustainability, India, Composite Index.References
- Adjei, J. K., Arun, T., & Hossain, F. (2009). The Role of Microfinance in Asset Building and Poverty Reduction: The Case of Sinapi Aba Trust of Ghana. Manchester: Brooks World Poverty Institute.
- Ahlin, C., & Jiang, N. (2008). Can Micro-credit Bring Development? Journal of Development Economics, 86 (1), 01-21.
- APMAS. (2017). Impact and Sustainability of Self Help Group Bank Linkage Programme in India, APMAS, Hyderabad.
- Baland, J.M., Somanathan, R., & Vandewalle, L. (2008). Microfinance Lifespans: a Study of Attrition and Exclusion in Self-Help Groups in India. India Policy Forum, 4 (1), 159-210.
- Banerjee, Abhijit, Esther Duflo, Rachel Glennerster, & Cynthia Kinnan. (2015). The Miracle of Microfinance? Evidence from a Randomized Evaluation. American Economic Journal: Applied Economics, 7 (1), 22-53.
- Barnes, C., Gaile, G., & Kibombo, R. (2001). The Impact of Three Microfinance Programs in Uganda. Washington, DC: Development Experience Clearinghouse, USAID.
- Barnes, C., Keogh, E., & Nemarundwe, N. (2001). Microfinance Program Clients and Impact: An Assessment of Zambuko Trust Zimbabwe. Washington, DC: Assessing the Impact of Microenterprise Services (AIMS).
- Bhanot, D., & Bapat, V. (2019). Contributory Factors towards Sustainability of Bank-linked Self-Help Groups in India. Asia Pacific Sustainable Development Journal, 26 (2), 25-55.
- Bhatia, N. (2007). Revisiting Bank-linked Self-Help Groups (SHGs) — A Study of Rajasthan State. Reserve Bank of India Occasional Papers, 28 (2), 125-156.
- Bhuiya, M. M. M., Khanam, R., Rahman, M. M., & H. S. Nghiem. (2016). Impact of Microfinance on Household Income and Consumption in Bangladesh: Empirical Evidence from a QuasiExperimental Survey, The Journal of Developing Areas, 50 (3), 305-318.
- Brannen, C. (2010). An Impact Study of the Village Savings and Loan Association (VSLA) Program in Zanzibar, Tanzania. BA Dissertation, Wesleyan University.
- Chakrabarti, R. (2004). The India Microfinance Experience: Accomplishments and Challenges, in Debroy, B. and Khan, A. U. (Eds.), Integrating the Rural Poor into Markets, Academic Foundation, New Delhi, 32-67.
- Chavan, P. & Ramakumar, R. (2002). Micro-credit and Rural Poverty: An Analysis of Empirical Evidence. Economic and Political Weekly, 37(10), 955-965.
- Christen, P. B. & lvatury, G. (2007). Sustainability of Self-Help Groups in India: Two Analyses, Occasional Paper 12 (part Il), CGAP, Washington DC, August 2007.
- Das, T. & Guha, P. (2019). Measuring Women’s Self-Help Group Sustainability: A Study of Rural Assam.International Journal of Rural Management, 15(1), 116-136.
- Das. (2018). ls Awareness of Credit Sources Prerequisite for their Use? A Study of Rural Assam, available at: https://doi.org/10.1108/IGDR-01-2018-0010 (accessed on 09 August 2020)
- Deininger, K. & Liu, Y. (2009). Determinants of Repayment Performance in India Microcredit Groups.Policy Research Working Paper No. 4885, World Bank, Washington D.C.
- Deshpande, V., Sharma, D. & Kailash, C. (2016). Self-Help Group Bank Linkage Programme in India as a means of financial inclusion — Status and Emerging Challenges. African — Asian Journal of Rural Development, 4% 2), 84-104.
- di Magliano R.P., Vaccaro, A. (2020). A Macro-Level Analysis of the Economic and Social Impact of Microfinance in Sub-Saharan Africa. In: La Torre M., Chiappini H. (eds), Contemporary Issues in Sustainable Finance. Palgrave Studies in Impact Finance. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https:// doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-40248-8_6
- Dupas, P., & Robinson, J. (2008). Savings Constraints and Microenterprise Development: Evidence from a Field Experiment in Kenya (Working Paper No. 14693). Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research
- Dutta, A. & Banerjee, S. (2018). Does Microfinance Impede Sustainable Entrepreneurial Initiatives among Women Borrowers? Evidence from Rural Bangladesh. Journal of Rural Studies, 60 (5), 70 —-81.
- Ericksen, J, E Ericksen and S Graham (2014): Over-Indebtedness in Mexico: Giving Borrowers a Voice, Washington, DC: FINCA.
- Fletschner, D., & Kenney, L. (2014). Rural Women’s Access to Financial Services: Credit, Savings, and Insurance, Quisumbing, A.R. and Others (Eds.), Gender in Agriculture: Closing the Knowledge Gap, Springer, Dordrecht, Germany, 187-208.
- Gonzalez, A. (2008): Microfinance, Incentives to Repay and Over-indebtedness: Evidence from a Household Survey in Bolivia, Doctoral thesis, Ohio State University, Ohio.
- Haldar, A., & J. E. Stiglitz. (2014): The Indian Microfinance Crisis: The Role of Social Capital, the Shift to for-Profit Lending and Implications for Microfinance Theory and Practice, Mimeo, Columbia University.
- Hulme, D., & M. Maitrot. (2014): Has Microfinance Lost Its Moral Compass? Economic & Political Weekly, 49 (48), 77-85.
- Isern, J., Agbakoba, A., Flaming, M., Mantilla, J., Pellegrini, G. and Tarazi, M. (2009). Access to Finance in Nigeria: Microfinance, Branchless Banking, and SME Finance, Consultative Group to Assist the Poor (CGAP), Washington DC.
- Isern, J., Prakash, L.B., Pillai, A. and Hashemi, S. (2007). Sustainability of Self-Help Groups in India: Two Analyses, Occasional Paper 12 (part I), CGAP, Washington DC, August 2007.
- Jayadev, M. & Sundar, D. K. (2016). Changing Contours of Microfinance in India, Routledge, New York.
- Kabeer, N. (2005), Gender Equality and Women’s Empowerment: A Critical Analysis of the Third Millennium Development Goal 1. Gender & Development, 13(1), 13-24.
- Karlan, D. & J., Zinman. (2010): Expanding Credit Access: Using Randomized Supply Decisions to Estimate the Impacts. Review of Financial Studies, 23 (1), 433-64.
- Karmakar, K. G. (2009). Emerging trends in Microfinance, Economic and Political Weekly, 44 (13), 21-24.
- Kashyap, P. (2008). Livelihood Promotion among SHGs, Microfinance in India, K. Karmakar (Ed.). New Delhi: SAGE Publications, 33-56.
- Khaki, A. R. & Sangmi, M. (2017). Does Access to Finance Alleviate Poverty? A Case Study of SGSY Beneficiaries in Kashmir Valley. International Journal of Social Economics, 44 (8), 1032-1045.
- Khandker, S. R. & Samad, H. A. (2013). Are Microcredit Participants in Bangladesh Trapped in Poverty and Debt?, Policy Research Working Paper 6404, The World Bank, Washington DC.
- Kolstad, I., Armando, J., Pires, G. & Wiig, A. (2016). Within-Group Heterogeneity and Group Dynamics: Analyzing Exit of Microcredit Groups in Angola. Oxford Development Studies, 45 (3), 338-351.
- Kumaran, K. P. (2002). Role of Self-Help Groups in Promoting Micro Enterprises through Micro Credit: An Empirical Study. Journal of Rural Development, 21 (2), 231-250.
- Lascelles, D, S., Mendelson. & D., Rozes. (2014): Microfinance Banana Skins, London: Centre for the Study of Financial Innovation.
- Ledgerwood, J. (1998). Microfinance Handbook: An Institutional and Financial Perspective (Sustainable Banking with the Poor). World Bank Publications
- Mahajan, V. (1998). Sustainability of MFls, Karmakar, K. G. (Ed.), Microfinance in India, SAGE Publications, New Delhi, 95-109.
- Mahajan, V. (2005). From Microcredit to Livelihood Finance. Economic and Political Weekly, 40 (41), 4416-4419.
- Mahapatra, M. S. & Dutta, S. (2016). Determinants of Sustainability of Microfinance Sector in India. Journal of Rural Development, 35 (3), 507-522.
- Mani, N. (2015). Financial Inclusion in India: Policies and Programmes, Century Publications, New Delhi.
- Mawire, F. (2012). Repayment Performance and Determinants of the Repayment Rate of Self-Help Groups in Andhra Pradesh India. Masters Dissertation. The Netherlands: Wageningen University.
- Meyer, R. L. (2002). Track Record of Financial Institutions in Assisting the Poor in Asia, Research Paper No. 49, Asian Development Bank Institute (ADB), Tokyo.
- Misra, R. & Lee, N. (2007). Primary Agricultural Society Linkage: The Best Remote Self-Help Groups in India can do? Small Enterprise Development, 18 (1), 25-36.
- Mohapatra, N. P. (2016). This is Financial Inclusion. Economic and Political Weekly, 51 (35), 4.
- Morduch, J. (1999). The Microfinance Promise. Journal of Economic Literature, 37 (4), 1569-1614.
- NABARD, Status of Micro-finance in India, Various Issues, NABARD, Mumbai.
- Nair, A. (2005). Sustainability of Microfinance Self Help Group in India: Would Federating Help? Policy Research Working Paper 3516, Finance and Private Sector Development Unit, The World Bank, South Asia Region, Washington DC, February 2005.
- NCAER. (2008). Impact and Sustainability of SHG Bank Linkage Programme, NCAER, New Delhi.
- NIRDPR. (2019). An Evaluation of the SHG-Bank Linkage Programme with Special Reference to its Loan Portfolio and Asset Quality, NIRDPR, Hyderabad.
- Parida, P. C. & Sinha, A. (2010). Performance and Sustainability of Self-Help Groups in India: A Gender Perspective. Asian Development Review, 27 (1), 80-103.
- Pati, A. (2009). Subsidy Impact on Sustainability of SHGs: An Empirical Analysis of microlending through SGSY Scheme. Indian Journal of Agricultural Economics, 64 (2), 01-13.
- Pati, A. P. (2017). Contribution of Microfinance in Achieving Millennium Development Goals: Evidences from Global Pool Data. International Journal of Rural Management, 13 (2), 182-198.
- Pitt, M. M., Khandker, S. R. & Cartwright, J. (2006). Empowering Women with Micro Finance: Evidence from Bangladesh. Economic Development and Cultural Change, 54 (4), 791-831.
- Puhazhendi, V., & Badatya, K. C. (2002). SHG-Bank Linkage Programme for Rural Poor—An Impact Assessment, Paper Presented at the Seminar on e-Social Sciences, 25-26 November, New Delhi.
- Rahman, M. M., Khanam, R. & Nghiem, S. (2017). The Effects of Microfinance on Women’s Empowerment: New Evidence from Bangladesh. International Journal of Social Economics, 44 (12), 1745-1757.
- Rajasekhar, D. (2002). Impact of Micro Finance Programmes on Poverty and Gender Equality: Some Evidences from Indian NGOs, in Ravazi, S. (Ed.), Shifting Burdens: Gender and Agrarian Change under Neoliberalism, Kumarian Press, Bloomfield, NJ, 151-196.
- Rao, G. (2009). Quality and sustainability of SHGs in Assam available at www.academia.edu/5754486/ Quality_and_Sustainability_of_SHGs_in_Assam_Sponsored_by_NABARD (accessed on 20 June 2020)
- Ray., Sougata., Sushanta Kumar., Mahapatra. (2016): Penetration of MFIs among Indian States: An Understanding through Macro Variables. International Journal of Development Issues, 15 (3), 294-305, September, DOI 10.1108/IJDI-05-20160030
- Ray., Sougata., Sushanta Kumar., Mahapatra. (2019): Asset Quality and Performance: An Empirical Study of Indian Microfinance Institutions. International Journal of Services, Economics and Management, 10 (3), 248-265.
- Ray., Sougata., Sushanta Kumar., Mahapatra., ShyamNath. (2019): Over-indebtedness and its Drivers among Microfinance Borrowers in India. Economic and Political Weekly, Special Issue, 54 (7), 47 -53. February 16.
- Reddy, C. S. (2008). Emerging SHG Federations and Challenges, in Karmakar, K. G. (Ed.), Micro Finance in India, SAGE Publications, New Delhi, 146-147.
- Reddy, C.S., & Prakash, L. (2003). Status of SHG federations in Andhra Pradesh, paper presented at the SHG Federation Workshop, 2425 March, Hyderabad, India, available at www .findevgateway.org/library/status-shg-federations-andhra-pradesh.
- Reddy, K. R. & Reddy, C. S. (2012). Self Help Groups in India—A Study on Quality and Sustainability, ENABLE Publication, Hyderabad, India.
- Reji, E. M. (2010). What Makes Self-Help Groups Successful?. Journal of Rural Development, 29 (1) 8996.
- Robinson, M. (2001). The Microfinance Revolution: Sustainable Finance for the Poor, The World Bank, Washington DC.
- Rooyen, Van, C, Stewart, R, Wet, T. De. (2012). The Impact of Micro Finance in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Systematic Review of the Evidence, World Development, 40 (11), 2249-2262. http:// dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2012.03.012
- Rosenberg, R. G. (2009). The New Moneylenders: Are the Poor Being Exploited by High Microcredit Interest Rates. CGAP Occasional Paper No., 145-181.
- Ryne, Elizabeth. (2009). Microfinance for Bankers and Investors: Understanding the Opportunities and Challenges of the Market at the Bottom of the Pyramid. Europe: McGraw-Hill Education.
- Sarma, M. (2008). Index of Financial Inclusion. ICRIER Working Paper 215. New Delhi: ICRIER.
- Schreiner, M. (1997). A Framework for the Analysis of the Performance and Sustainability of Subsidized Microfinance Organizations with Application to BancoSol of Bolivia and Grameen Bank of Bangladesh. PhD dissertation, Columbus: The Ohio State University.
- Seibel, H. (2006). Ensuring Quality in Self-Help Banking, An Assessment, APMAS, Hyderabad, India.
- Sharma, A. (2017). Microfinance in the North-eastern Region: Growth and Challenges, Mishra, D. and Upadhyay, V. (Eds), Rethinking Economic Development in Northeast India, Routledge, New Delhi, India.
- Sharma, M. & Zeller, M. (1997). Repayment Performance in Group-based Credit Programs in Bangladesh: An Empirical Analysis. World Development, 25 (10), 1731-1742.
- Shetty, K. N. & Madheswaran, S. (2008). Whether Micro Finance Groups Are Sustainable? Evidence from India, paper presented at the Conference of the All India Econometric Society, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad.
- Shylendra, H. S. (2018). Federating the Self-Help Groups in India: Emerging Conceptual and Policy Challenges. International Journal of Rural Management, 14 (2), 154-181.
- Singh, S. (2008). Microfinance in India, SAGE Publications, New Delhi, India.
- Srinivasan, N. (2008). Sustainability of SHGs in India, Karmakar, K. G. (Ed.), Micro Finance in India, SAGE Publications, New Delhi, 177-178.
- Srinivasan, N. (2009), Microfinance India-State of the Sector Report 2008, SAGE Publications, New Delhi, India.
- Ssewamala, F. M., Ismayilova, L., McKay, M., Sperber, E., Bannon, W.,& Alice, S. (2010). Gender and the Effects of an Economic Empowerment Program on Attitudes toward Sexual Risk-taking among AIDS Orphaned Adolescent Youth in Uganda. Journal of Adolescent Health, 46, 372-378.
- Sukanya, N. (2017). The SHG-Bank Linkage Programme and Financial Inclusion in India: A Review of the Recent Trends. GITAM Journal of Management, 15 (2), 33-42.
- Sundaram, K. (2007). Employment and Poverty in India 2000-2005, Working Paper 155, Centre for Development Economics, Delhi School of Economics, New Delhi.
- Suprabha, K. R. (2014). Empowerment of Self-Help Groups Towards Microenterprise Development. Procedia Economics and Finance, 11 (1), 410-422.
- Swain, R. B. & Varghese, A. (2009). Does Self-Help Group Participation Lead to Asset Creation?. World Development, 37 (10), 1674-1682.
- Tankha, A. (2002). Self-help Groups as Financial Intermediaries in India: Cost of Promotion, Sustainability and Impact, Sa-Dhan, New Delhi.
- Thekkekara, T. (2011). Sustainability and Women’s Empowerment in Microfinance Self-Help Groups — A Case Study of Dharni Taluka, Melghat, Amravati (Maharashtra). PhD Thesis. Mumbai: IIT, Bombay.
- Tuckman, B. W. (1965), Developmental Sequence in Small Groups. Psychological Bulletin, 63 (6), 384.
- Tuckman, B. W. and Jensen, M. A. C. (1977). Stages of Small-group Development Revisited. Group & Organization Studies, 2 (4), 419-427.
- Von Pischke, J. D. (1996). Measuring the Trade-off between Outreach and Sustainability of Microenterprise Lenders. Journal of International Development, 8 (2), 225-39.