Journal of Pharmaceutical Research

Nagappa Anantha Naik ¹

Affiliations
1 Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal University, Manipal - 576 104, IN

Abstract

The community pharmacy (CP) is an important link between the Doctor, Nurse and Patients. CP plays a vital role in ensuring the patient safety and efficacy in therapeutic set up. Unfortunately the CP is not developed in most of the developing countries like India. The CP is mainly represented by retail pharmacies, which are mainly focussed on sale or dispensing of medicines rather than acting as facilitators in therapy of patients. There is a need to learn how the CP was developed in UK, what are its roles and responsibilities in health care, so that such system can be adopted in India, which will ensure patient safety but also provide the much-required jobs for pharmacist.

Keywords

Health Care Delivery, Community Pharmacy, Retail Pharmacy, Pharmacist.

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Nagappa Anantha Naik ¹, Wal Pranay ¹, Puja Kumari ², Wal Ankita ²

Affiliations
1 Department of Pharma Mangement, Manipal College of Pharmacuetical Sciences, Manipal University, Manipal, 576104, IN
2 Pranveer Singh Institute of Technology, Kanpur-208011. (U.P), IN

Abstract

Trade names of medicine in India are coined irrationally without any bearing and any relevance to the therapeutic class, molecule or disease for which it is to be used. This has developed into a therapeutic complexity, which is confusing to health care professionals. The study measured the extent of irrational naming practice of branded medicine in India and highlights the possibility of Look alike and Sound Alike (LASA) drugs leading to confusion by classifying the drug names on the basis of generic category. The study tries to quantify the extent of irrational naming practice of branded medicines by classifying branded medicine names into irrational and rational category. If the trade names of drugs had any bearing related to the therapeutic class, molecule or disease for which it is used, it is classified all together in rational category. Any trade name of drug which didn't meet these criteria is classified into irrational category. The result was measured and the percentages of irrelevant brand names were found to be 82%. LASAbranded drugs were categorized on basis of generic name to highlight the extent of confusing medicine names in the Indian pharmaceutical market.

Keywords

LASA, Branded Medicines, Irrational Drug Names, Confusing Drug Names.

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Nagappa Anantha Naik ¹, Saxena Kunal ¹, Patil Harshad Ratan ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Pharmacy Management, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal University, Madhav Nagar, Manipal-576 104, Karnataka, IN

Abstract

Some months ago, Swine flu was spreading like wildfire affecting people from all walks of life. Swine flu, which was unheard before, is suspected to be the mutated virus of Avian, Classical Swine and Human influenza. Its virulence is very strong leading to respiratory failure and death. There were several hundred lives lost due to H1N1 infection recently. The H1N1 appeared as a blitz, which caught the public unaware and caused nightmare throughout the country. The Health care emergency was declared to effectively control and contain the spread of H1N1. The threat of emergence looms over our head in coming seasons of winter.

Keywords

H1N1, Swine Flu, Oseltamivir, H1N1 Vaccine, N95 Mask.

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Nagappa Anantha Naik ¹, P. A. Daisy ¹, Agarwal Saumya ¹, Amit Kumar ¹, Prasad Virendra ¹, Anand Vivek ¹, Singh Sukruthi ¹, Bhusare Kiran ¹

Affiliations
1 Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Madhav Nagar, Manipal-576 104, Karnataka, IN

Abstract

The disease knowledge is an important factor in motivating the youth to adopt healthy life style and management of health. The health illiteracy acts as a stumbling block in the treatment of diseases, as person is unable to understand and appreciate the significance of the health, disease and the drugs. He/ she needs some help in relief of the symptoms and disease. The awareness of the disease knowledge is an important factor for the management of health. It is usually presumed that educated youth will have adequate knowledge regarding disease and healthy life style. There are no serious studies conducted to assess the extent of disease knowledge. In this study a survey is conducted to assess the knowledge levels of youth from health care and non health care sector. The result of the study mobilizes the necessity of health education among youth in the disease areas like AIDS, asthma, hypertension and diabetes mellitus.

Keywords

Disease Knowledge, Diabetes Mellitus, AIDS, Asthma, Hypertension.

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S. Kadam Manish ¹, Nagappa Anantha Naik ², Kishore Gnana Sam ²

Affiliations
1 Pharmacy Practice Department, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal - 576104, IN
2 Pharma Management Department, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal - 576104, IN

Abstract

Tuberculosis is a scourge for human race for millennia with huge morbidity and mortality. Among the main obstacles to the global control of the disease are the HIV epidemic that has dramatically increased the risk for developing active TB, the increasing emergence of multi-drug resistant TB (MDR-TB), Extensive drug resistant tuberculosis (XDR-TB) and the recalcitrance of persistent infections to treatment with conventional anti-TB drugs. Anti-tuberculosis drug resistance is a major public health problem that threatens the success of Directly Observed Treatment Short Course (DOTS), the WHO-recommended treatment strategy for detection and cure of TB, as well as global tuberculosis control. This has made the currently available anti tubercular drugs into less effective and futile tools to control tuberculosis. Not only to radically transform the fight against tuberculosis but also to shortening the current six to eight-month treatment to two months or less. This in turn will improve patient adherence, increase cure rates, and lessen the likelihood of patients developing drug resistance. New drugs are also needed to benefit the growing number of people around the globe who are co-infected with TB and HIV, as well as those who have been exposed to TB but are not yet ill with disease i.e. latent TB.

Keywords

Tuberculosis, Anti-Tuberculosis Drug, Fluoroquinolones.

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Naila Haris ¹, Bhere Deepak ¹, Shilpee ¹, Chaturvedi Piyush ², Nagappa Anantha Naik ³

Affiliations
1 Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Madhavnagar, Manipal- 576 104, Karnataka, IN
2 Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Madhavnagar, Manipal–576104, Karnataka, IN
3 Department of Pharmacy Management, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Madhavnagar, Manipal–576104, Karnataka, IN

Abstract

Objectives: To review the concept of metabolomics, the methods and analytical techniques employed in metabolic profiling and applications of metabolomics in pharmacology.

Data Sources: Primary literature and review articles were obtained via PUBMED, Science Direct and BioMed Central search using the key term metabolomics. Additional studies were identified from bibliography of reviewed literature.

Data Synthesis: Metabolomics is the study of metabolism at a global level in a cell, tissue or organism mostly by means of analyzing biological fluids. Thousands of molecules known and unknown can be identified and quantified using various analytical techniques, the widely used being mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The large amount of data generated through these methods is managed through bioinformatic tools that help to simplify the complex data. Lastly, this review discusses the application of metabolomics in various aspects of pharmacology such as drug discovery, disease diagnosis and therapeutic monitoring. The potential of pharmacometabolomics to achieve the goal of individualized drug therapy has also been studied.

Conclusion: Metabolomics will have an impact on pharmaceutical research and development. Along with pharmacogenomics, pharmacometabolomics will aid in better understanding of variations in individual response to drug treatment and also adverse drug effects.

Keywords

Metabolomics, Mass Spectrometry, Bioinformatics, Biomarkers, Pharmacometabolomics.

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