Journal of Environment and Sociobiology

Open Access Open Access  Restricted Access Subscription Access
Open Access Open Access Open Access  Restricted Access Restricted Access Subscription Access

Effect of Some Heavy Metal (Zn, Cu, Pb) Pollutants and Microbial Load on the Edible Oyster (Saccostrea cucullata) in Sundarban, West Bengal


Affiliations
1 Department of Microbiology, Raja N. L. Khan Women’s College, Paschim Medinipur, Pin-721102, West Bengal, India
2 Department of Microbiology, Vidyasagar University, Paschim Medinipur Pin-721102, West Bengal, India
     

   Subscribe/Renew Journal


Total bacterial count (TBC), total coliform (TC), total faecal coliform (TFC), E. coli and Bifidobacterium sp. in the flesh of edible oyster (Saccostrea cucullata), in three collecting stations of Sundarban, varied during different seasons of a year. The bacterial load was maximum in monsoon and minimum in pre monsoon. Heavy metal content in the flesh showed following sequence: Zn>Cu>Pb, with maximum values during monsoon and minimum values during pre-monsoon. Further, maximum antioxidant enzyme (Catalase and Superoxide dismutase) activities in the oyster were recorded during pre-monsoon which decreased in monsoon, while the level of lipid peroxidation (free radical) was minimum in pre-monsoon. It appears, therefore, that the antioxidant activity in oyster was inversely proportional to the heavy metal concentration in the flesh. Hence, monitoring of heavy metal content in the water of Sundarban estuary is considered vital towards the survivability of the oysters.

Keywords

Bacterial Load, Heavy Metals, Antioxidant Enzyme, Oyster, Sundarban.
Subscription Login to verify subscription
User
Notifications
Font Size


  • Anonymous. 1984. Final report on the ICAR project Taxonomy and distribution of oysters along the Wes coast of India. Dept. of Fisheries and Limnology. Rajasthan College of Agriculture, Sukhadia University, Udaipur, 36 pp.

  • APHA 1970. Recommended Procedures for the Examination of Sea Water and Shellfish. 4th ed., pp. 1-71, app. - 1.

  • APHA 1998. Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Waste Water. 20th ed., Washington D. C, pp. 7-11.

  • Beers, R. F. and Sizer, J. W. 1952. A spectrophotometric method for measuring the breakdown of hydrogen peroxide by catalase. J. Bio. Chem., 195: 133-140.

  • Booth, D. B. and Jackson, C. R. 1997. Urbanization of aquatic systems: degradation thresholds, storm water detention and the limits of mitigation. J. Am. water resou. Assoc., 33: 1077-1090.

  • Box, A., Sureda, A., Galgani, F., Pons, A. and Deudero, S. 2007. Assessment of environmental pollution at Balearic Islands applying oxidative stress biomarkers in the mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis. Comp. Biochem. Physiol., 146: 531-539.

  • Cabelli, V. J., Dufour, A. P., Mc Cabe, L. J. and Levin, M. A. 1983. A marine recreational water quality criterion consistent with indicator concept and risk analysis. J. water. Pollut. Control. fed., 55: 1306-1314.

  • Chevre, N., Gange, F., Gagnon, P. and Blaise, C. 2003. Application of rough sets analysis to identify polluted aquatic sites based on a battery of biomarkers: a comparison with classical methods. Chemosphere, 51: 13-23.

  • Cossu, C., Doyotte, A., Bubut, M., Exinger, A. and Vasseur, P. 2000. Antioxidant biomarkers in freshwater bivalves, Unio tumidus, in response to different contamination profiles of aquatic sediments. Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf., 45: 106-121.

  • Craig, D. L., Fallowfield, H. J. and Cromar, J. N. 2002. Enumeration of faecal coliform from recreational coastal sites: evaluation of techniques for the separation of bacteria from sediments. J. Appl. Microbiol, 93: 557-565.

  • De Zwart, L. L., Meerman, J. H. N., Commandeur, J. N. M., and Vermemem, N. P. L. 1998. Biomarkers of free radicals damage application in experimental animals and in humans. Free. Radic. Biol. Med., 26: 202-206.

  • Etxeberria, M., Cajarville, M. P. and Marigomez, I. 1995. Change in digestive cell lysosomal structure in mussels as biomarker of environmental stress in the urbadaibai estuary (Biscay coast, Liberian peninsula). Pollut. Bull., 30: 599-603.

  • FDA 1997. National Shellfish Sanitation Program (NSSP): Guide for the Control of Molluscan Shellfish. Interstate Shellfish Sanitation Conference. U. S. Department of Health and Human Services. Public Health Service, pp. 28-34.

  • Goldberg, E. 1975. The mussel watch: a first step in global marine monitoring. Mar. Pollut. Bull., 6: 111-132.

  • Kator, H. and Rhodes, M. 1996. Microbial and chemical indicators. In: Environmental Indicators and Shellfish Safety. C. M. Hackney and M. D. Pierson (eds), Chapman and Hall Publishers, New York, pp. 30-91.

  • Lam, P. and Gray, J. 2003. The use of biomarkers in environmental monitoring programmes. Mar. Pollut. Bull., 46: 182-186.

  • Lipp, E. K. and Rose, J. B. 2001. Microbial fecal pollution in tidal creeks and canals in developed regions of southwest Florida. In: Estuarine Research Federation Conference, 16th Biennial Conference. St. Pete Beach, Florida., p. 1 (abstract).

  • Marklund, S. and Marklund, G. 1974. Involvement of superoxide anion radical in autoxidation of pyrogallol and a convenient assay of superoxide dismutase. Eur. J. Biochem., 47: 469-474.

  • McCrady, M. H. 1915. The numerical interpretation of fermentation-tube results. J. Infect. Dis, 17: 183-212.

  • Mitra, A. and Choudhury, A. 1993. Trace metals in macrobenthic molluscs of the Hooghly estuary, India. Mar. Pollut. Bull., 26: 521-522.

  • Morales-Caselles, Martin-Diaz, M. L. L., Riba, I. and Sarasquete, C. and Delvalls, A. 2008. Sublethal responses in caged organisms exposed to sediment affected by oil spills. Chemosphere, 72: 819-825.

  • Nagabhushanam, R. and Bidarkar, D. S. 1978. Studies on seasonal changes in the biochemical constituents of the oyster Crassostrea cucullata. Indian J. Fish., 25: 156-164.

  • Ohkawa, H., Ohishi, N. and Yagi, K. 1979. Assay for lipid peroxides in animal tissues by thiobarbituric acid reaction. Anal. Biochem., 95: 351-358.

  • Osman, A., Heuvel, H. and Noort, P. C. M. 2007. Differential responses of biomarkers in tissues of a freshwater mussel, Dreissena polymorpha, to the exposure of sediment extracts with different levels of contamination. J. Appl. Toxicol, 27: 51-59.

  • Pommepuy, M. 1996. Behavior of pathogenic microorganism in coastal areas. Appl. Environ. Microbiol, 62: 4621-4626.

  • Roméo, M., Hoarau, P., Garello, G., Gnassia-Barelli, M. and Grand, J. P. 2003. Mussel transplantation and biomarker as useful tools for assessing water quality in the NW Mediterranean. Environ. Pollut., 122: 369-378.

  • Santhanam, R., Ramanathan, N. and Jegatheesan, G. 1990. Coastal aquaculture in India. CBS Publishers and Distributors, Delhi, 180 pp.

  • Sheehan, D. and Power, A. 1999. Effect of seasonality on xenobiotic and antioxidant defense mechanisms of bivalve molluscs. Comp. Biochem. and Physiol. C, 123: 193-199.

  • Strozier, S. H. 1993. Effects of Urbanization on the American oyster, Crassostrea virginica, in terms of Bacterial and Parasitic Infection and Physiological Condition. University of South Carolina, School of Public Health, Ph.D. Dissertation, 231 pp.

  • Tsangaris, C., Papathanasiou, E. and Cotou, E. 2007. Assessment of the impact of heavy metal pollution from a ferro-nickel smelting plant using biomarkers. Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf., 66: 232-243.

  • Verlecar, X., Jena, K. and Chainy, G. B. 2008. Seasonal variation of oxidative biomarkers in the gills and digestive gland of green-lipped mussel Perna viridis from Arabian Sea. Estuar. Coast. Shelf Sci., 76: 745-752.

  • White, D. L., Porter, D. E. and Lweitus, A. J. 2004. Spatial and temporal analyses of water quality and phytoplankton biomass in an urbanized versus a relatively pristine salt marsh estuary. J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol., 298: 255-273.


Abstract Views: 368

PDF Views: 0




  • Effect of Some Heavy Metal (Zn, Cu, Pb) Pollutants and Microbial Load on the Edible Oyster (Saccostrea cucullata) in Sundarban, West Bengal

Abstract Views: 368  |  PDF Views: 0

Authors

Harekrishna Jana
Department of Microbiology, Raja N. L. Khan Women’s College, Paschim Medinipur, Pin-721102, West Bengal, India
Bivas Kumar Malik
Department of Microbiology, Raja N. L. Khan Women’s College, Paschim Medinipur, Pin-721102, West Bengal, India
Puspendu Shit
Department of Microbiology, Raja N. L. Khan Women’s College, Paschim Medinipur, Pin-721102, West Bengal, India
Partha Pratim Chakraborty
Department of Microbiology, Raja N. L. Khan Women’s College, Paschim Medinipur, Pin-721102, West Bengal, India
Keshab Chandra Mondal
Department of Microbiology, Vidyasagar University, Paschim Medinipur Pin-721102, West Bengal, India

Abstract


Total bacterial count (TBC), total coliform (TC), total faecal coliform (TFC), E. coli and Bifidobacterium sp. in the flesh of edible oyster (Saccostrea cucullata), in three collecting stations of Sundarban, varied during different seasons of a year. The bacterial load was maximum in monsoon and minimum in pre monsoon. Heavy metal content in the flesh showed following sequence: Zn>Cu>Pb, with maximum values during monsoon and minimum values during pre-monsoon. Further, maximum antioxidant enzyme (Catalase and Superoxide dismutase) activities in the oyster were recorded during pre-monsoon which decreased in monsoon, while the level of lipid peroxidation (free radical) was minimum in pre-monsoon. It appears, therefore, that the antioxidant activity in oyster was inversely proportional to the heavy metal concentration in the flesh. Hence, monitoring of heavy metal content in the water of Sundarban estuary is considered vital towards the survivability of the oysters.

Keywords


Bacterial Load, Heavy Metals, Antioxidant Enzyme, Oyster, Sundarban.

References