International Journal of Plant Protection

Open Access Open Access  Restricted Access Subscription Access
Open Access Open Access Open Access  Restricted Access Restricted Access Subscription Access

Scenario of Arthropod Diversity in Organic Farming System


Affiliations
1 School of Organic Farming, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana (Punjab), India
     

   Subscribe/Renew Journal


Major reasons of loss of arthropod diversity, species richness, dominance and abundance are due to the application of synthetic pesticides, deforestation for conventional farmingand lack of habitat and microclimate, and all these occur under conventional farming system. A detailed review revealed the organic farming system to have an holistic approach in performing better than the conventional farming system as former provided important advantages like harmless chemicals, safety to human and animal health, species richness, abundance of insect predators and the pollinators.

Keywords

Organic Farming System, Conventional Farming System, Arthropod Diversity, Predatory Fauna, Species Richness.
Subscription Login to verify subscription
User
Notifications
Font Size


  • Ambalaparabil, V.S., Mundackatharappel, J.M., Enathayil, S. and Pothalil, A.S. (2005).Seasonal variation in spider abundance in Kuttanad rice agroecosystem, Kerala, India (Araneae).Acta Zool. Bulgarica, 1: 188-90.

  • Altieri, Miguel A. (1989).Agroecology: A new research and development paradigm for world agriculture. Agric., Ecosystems & Environ., 27(1–4) : 37-46.

  • Altieri, M.A. and Letourneau, D.K. (1982).Vegetation management and biological control in agro-ecosystems. Crop Protection, 1: 405-430

  • Altieri, Miguel A. and Nicholls, Clara I. (2000).Agroecology and the search for a truly sustainable agriculture, University of California, Berkeley.

  • Bambaradeniya, C.N.B., Fonseka, K.T. and Ambagahawatte, C.L. (1998).A preliminary study of fauna and flora of a rice field in Kandy, Sri Lanka. Ceylon J. Sci. (Biological Science), 25: 1-22

  • Bambaradeniy, C.N.B., Edirisinghe, J.P., De Silva, D.N., Gunatilleke, C.V.S., Ranawana, K.B. and Wijekoon, S. (2004). Biodiversity associated with an irrigated rice agro-ecosystem in Sri Lanka. Biodiver. Conserv., 13: 17150-53.

  • Bambaradeniya, C.N.B. (2000).Ecology and biodiversity in an irrigated rice field ecosystem in Sri Lanka. Ph.D. Thesis. University of Peradeniya, Sri Lanka pp. 525.

  • Bambaradeniya, C.N.B. and Edirisinghe, J.P. (2001).The ecological role of spiders in the rice fields of Sri Lanka. Biodiv., 2 : 3-10.

  • Bambaradeniya, C.N.B., Fonseka, K.T. and Ambagahawatte, C.L. (1998).A preliminary study of fauna and flora of a rice field in Kandy, Sri Lanka.Ceylon J. Sci.(Biol. Sci.), 25 : 1-22.

  • Bambaradeniya, C.N.B. and Edirisinghe, J.P. (2008). Composition, structure and dynamics of arthropod communities in a rice agro-ecosystem. Cey. J. Sci. (Bio. Sci.) 37(1): 23-48

  • Basedow, T., Liedtke, W. and Rzehak, H. (1990).Mitteilungen der Deutschen Gesellschaft fur Allgemeine Aangewandte Entomologie, 7: 600-607.

  • Bengtsson, J., Ahnström, J. and Weibull, A.C. (2005).The effects of organic agriculture on biodiversity and abundance: a meta-analysis. J. Appl. Ecol., 42 : 261-269.

  • Benton, T.G., Bryant, D.M., Cole, L. and Crick, H.Q.P. (2002). Linking agricultural practice to insect and bird populations: a historical study over three decades.J. Appl. Ecol., 39 : 673-687.

  • Benton, T.G., Vickery, J.A. and Wilson, J.D. (2003).Farmland biodiversity: is habitat heterogeneity the key? Trends in Ecol. Evol., 18 : 182-188.

  • Bhullar, M.B. and Singh, S. (2008).Biodiversity of mites associated with various medicinal and aromatic plants in Punjab. Second Congress on Insect Science, February 21.22, PAU, Ludhiana, Punjab, India.

  • Caceres, D. (2002).Organic agriculture versus industrial agriculture. Its relationship with productive diversification and food security. Agroalimentaria (Venezuela), 16 (16): 29-39

  • Chakraborty, K., Moitra, M.N., Sanyal, A.K. and Rath, P.C. (2016).Important natural enemies of paddy insect pests in the upper Gangetic Plains of West Bengal, India.Internat. J. Pl. Anim. Environ. Sci.,6: 35-40.

  • Childs, G. (1995).Rudolf Steiner : His life and work. Anthroposophy Press, N.Y.

  • Chen, Y.H. and Bernal, C.C. (2011).Arthropod diversity and community composition on wild and cultivated rice. Agric. Forest. Entomol., 13: 181-89.

  • Crowder, D.W., Northfield, T.D., Strand, M.R. and Snyder, W.E. (2010).Organic agriculture promotes evenness and natural pest control. Nat. Letter.,466 : 109-112.

  • Cuong, N.L., Langellotto, G.A., Thuy, T.L., Quynh, V., Thuy, N.T.T., Barrion, A.T. and Yolanda, H.C. (2016).Arthropod Diversity and Abundance in Wild Rice, Oryza rufipogon, in the Mekong Delta, Vietnam.Ann. Entomol. Soc. Amer.,109: 542-54.

  • Drinkwater, L.E., Letourneau, D.K., Workneh, F., van Bruggen, A.H.C. and Shennan, C. (1995).Fundamental differences between conventional and organic tomato agroecosystems in California.Ecol. Applic., 5 : 1098-1112.

  • Dritschilo, W. and Wanner, D. (1980).Ground beetle abundance in organic and conventional corn fields.Environ. Entomol.,9 : 629-31.

  • EPOK (2012). Report on organic agriculture and ecosystem services in a landscape perspective. Published in 2012, Uppsala Publisher: SLU, EPOK – Centre for Organic Food & Farming.

  • Feber, R.E., Firbank, L.G., Johnson, P.J. and Macdonald, D.W. (1997).The effects of organic farming on pest and non-pest butterfly abundance.Agric. Ecosys. Environ., 64 : 133-139.

  • FIBL (2012). Organic agriculture promotes biodiversity. http:/ /www.fibl.org/enfiblthemes/biodiversity.html.

  • Frampton, G.K., Gaju, M., Molero, R. and Bach, C. (2002). Recovery responces of soil surface Collembola after spatial and temporal changes in long term regimes of pesticide use. Proc. 5 th Intern. Sem. Apterigota, Cardoba, Spain, Pedobiologia, 44: 489-501.

  • Freemark, K.E. and Kirk, D.A. (2001).Birds on organic and conventional farms in Ontario: partitioning effects of habitat and practices on species composition and abundance. Biol. Conser., 101 : 337-350.

  • Fritz, L.L., Heinrichs, E.A., Machado, V., Andreis, T.F., Pandolfo, M., Salles, S.M., Oliveira, J.V. and Fiuza, L.M. (2011).Diversity and abundance of arthropods in subtropical rice growing areas in the Brazilian south. Biodiv. Conserv.,20 : 2211-2224.

  • Fuller, R.J., Gregory, R.D., Gibbons, D.W., Marchant, J.H., Wilson, J.D., Baillie, S.R. and Carter, N. (1995).Population declines and range contractions among lowland farmland birds in Britain. Conserv. Biol.,9 : 1425-1441.

  • Giang, H.T.T., Lam, P.V., Lan, T.L., Thinh, N.T., Liem, N.V. and Hoa, N.K. (2009).Study on Biodiversity Herbivore- Natural Enemy Arthropod Fauna in Rice Fields at Red River Delta, Vietnam. Proceedings & Abstract, 2009 Macro symposium Challenges for agro-environmental research in Monsoon Asia. October 5-7, Tsukuba, Japan.

  • Garcia, M.A. (1991).Arthropod in a tropical corn field: Effects of weeds and insecticides on community composition. In P.

  • Price, T. M. Lewinsohn, G. W. Fernandes, & W. W. Benson (Eds.), Plant-animal interactions: Evolution ecology in tropical and temperate regions (pp. 619-633). New York: John Wiley.

  • Gabriel, D., Sait, S.M., Hodgson, J.A., Schmutz, U., Kunin , W.E. and Benton, T.G. (2010).Scale matters: the impact of organic farming on biodiversity at different spatial scales. Ecol. Letter., 13 : 858-569.

  • Garratt, M., Wright, D. and Leather, S. (2011).The effects of farming system and fertilizers on pests and natural enemies: A synthesis of current research. Agric., Ecosystems & Environment,141 (3-4): 261-270.

  • Goklany, I.M. (2002).The ins and outs of organic farming. Sci.,298 : 1889-1890.

  • Haris, A. (1995).Further data on the food choice of wheat sawflies (Dolerus sp., Hymenoptera, Tenthridinidae).Acta. Phytopathol. Entomol. Hung.,30: 255-263.

  • Holea, D.G., Perkinsb, A.J., Wilsonc, J.D., Alexanderd, I.H., Gricee, P.V. and Evans, A.D. (2005).Does organic farming benefit biodiversity? Biol. Conserv.,122 (1) : 113-130.

  • Hopper, C., Kirk, G., Reichert, S. and Cabal, J. (1995).Natural enemy impact on the abundance of Diuraphisnoxia (Homoptera: Aphididae) in wheat in southern France. Environ. Entomol. (USA)., 24: 402-408.

  • IFOAM (2009 a and b), International Federation of Organic Agriculture Movements. The principles of organic agriculture

  • Janne, B., Johan, A. and Ann-Christin, W. (2005).The effects of organic agriculture on biodiversity and abundance: a meta-analysis. J. Appl. Ecol.,42: 261-269.

  • Joshi, R.M., Singh, R. and Mukherjee, J. (2015).A study on Punjab Export Potential and Strategy. Indian Institute of Foreign Trade (Deemed University) B-21, Qutub Institutional Area, New Delhi. 178pp.

  • Kandibane, M., Raghuraman, S. and Mahadevan, N.R. (2007). Diversity and community structure of acquatic arthropods in an irrigated rice ecosystem of Tamil Nadu, India. Asian J. Pl. Sci.,6(5): 741-48.

  • Kaur, N. (2019).Arthropods diversity under paired row direct seeded rice and management of its major insect pests with biopesticides. A M.Sc. Thesis, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana.

  • Kiritani, K. (2009).A Comprehensive List of Organisms Associated with Paddy Ecosystems in Japan. Saga, Daido Printing Co. Ltd.

  • Koepf, H.H. (1976).Bio-Dynamic Agriculture : An introduction Anthroposophic Press, N.Y. 429 pp.

  • Krebs, J.R., Wilson, J.D., Bradbury, R.B. and Siriwardena, G.M. (1999).The second silent spring?Nat.,400: 611-12.

  • Kremen, C., Williams, N.M., Bugg, R.L., Fay, J.P. andThorp, R.W. (2004).The area requirement of an ecosystem service: crop pollination by native bee communities in California. Ecol. Letter.,7 : 1109-19.

  • Kreuger, J., Peterson, M. and Lundgren, E. (1999). Agricultural inputs of pesticide residues to stream and pond sediments in a small catchment in southern Sweden. Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol.,62: 55-62.

  • Kromp, B. (1989).Carabid beetle communities (Carabidae, Coleoptera) in biologically and conventionally farmed agroecosystems.Agric.Ecosys. Environ.,27: 241-251.

  • Kruess, A . and Tscharntke, T. (2002).Contrasting responses of plant and insect diversity to variation in grazing intensity. Biological Conservation, 106 (3): 293-302.

  • Leksono, A.S. (2017).The Effect of Organic Farming Systems on Species Diversity.AIP Conference Proceedings 1908, 030001 (2017); https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5012701Published Online: 29 November 2017.

  • Letourneau, D. and Goldstein, B. (2001).Pest damage and arthropod community structure in organic vs. conventional tomato production in California. J. Appl. Ecol., 38 (3): 557-570.

  • Mader, P., Fliessbach, A., Dubois, D., Gunst, L., Fried, P. and Niggli, U. (2002).Soil fertility and biodiversity in organic farming.Sci.,296: 1694-97.

  • Manuel, K.S., Gisela, L., Phillippe, J. and Michaela, A. (2014). Gains to species diversity in organically farmed fields are not propagated at the farm level. Nat. Commun.www.nature.com/ naturecommunications.

  • Mehmood, Y., Anjum, M.B., Sabir, M. and Arshad, M. (2011). Benefit cost ratio of organic and inorganic wheat production : A case study of district Sheikhupura. World Applied Sci. J., 13 : 175-180.

  • Mondelaers, K., Aertsens, J. and Van Huylenbroeck, G. (2009). A meta analysis of the diÀÛàÜerences in environmental impacts between organic and conventional farming. British Food J., 111 ( 10) : 1098-1119.

  • Mone, S., Kusha, K.M., Jathanna, D., Ali, M. and Goel, A. (2014).Comparison of insect biodiversity between organic and conventional plantations in Kodagu, Karnataka, India.J. Threat. Tax., 6: 6186-94.

  • Northbourne, Lord (1940).Look to the Land. London: Dent. Pandey, J. and Singh, A. (2012).Opportunities and constraints in organic farming : An Indian Perspective. J. Sci. Res., 56 : 47-72.

  • Pang, B.P. (1993).The structure of an insect community in wheat fields and its diversity.Review of Agricultural Entomology; Biocontrol News and Information; Wheat Barley and Triticale Abstracts, 30 : 263-267.

  • Perfecto, I. and Vandermeer, J. (2010).The agroecological matrix as alternative to the land-sparing/agriculture intensification model.Proc.Nat. Acad. Sci., USA 107: 5786-91.

  • Peterson, D.L. and Parker, T.V. (1998).Ecological Scale: Theory and Applications. Columbia University Press, New York, NY.

  • Pfinner, L. and Niggli, U. (1996).Effects of bio-dynamic, organic and conventional farming on ground beetles (Col.

  • Carabidae) and other epigaeic arthropods in winter wheat. Biol. Agric. Hort.,12: 353-64.

  • Poolprasert, P. and Jongjitvimol, P. (2014).Arthropod community inhabiting organic rice agroecosystem. International Conference on Agriculture, Ecological and Medical Sciences (AEMS-2014), July 3-4, London, 2014. [cited 2017 October 4]. Available from: http://dx.doi. org/15242/ IICBE.C714014

  • Power, E. and Stout, J. (2011).Organic dairy farming: impacts on insect-flower interaction networks and pollination. J. Appl. Ecol., 48 (3): 561-569

  • Redderson, J. (1997).The arthropod fauna of organic versus conventional cereal fields in Denmark. Entomological Research in Organic Agriculture: 61-71. Eds B Kromp and P Meindl. Biol. Agric. Hort.15.

  • Reganold, J.P., Elliott, L.F. and Unger, Y.L. (1987).Long-term effects of organic and conventional farming on soil erosion. Nat.,330: 370-72.

  • Rigby, D. and Caceres, D. (2001).Organic farming and the sustainability of agricultural systems. Agricultural Systems, 68 (1): 21-40

  • Robinson, R.A. and Sutherland, W.J. (2002).Post-war changes in arable farming and biodiversity in Great Britain.J. Appl. Ecol.,39: 157-76.

  • Salazar, L. and Except, A. (2007).Entomofauna associated with organic and conventional horticultural crops in Córdoba, Argentina. Neotropical Entomol., 36 (5): 765-773.

  • Stoate, C., Boatman, N.D., Borralho, R.J., Carvalho, C.R., de Snoo, G.R. and Eden, P. (2001).Ecological impacts of arable intensification in Europe. J. Environ. Manage.,63: 337-65.

  • Tilman, D., Fargione, J., Wolff, B., D’Antonio, C., Dobson, A., Howarth, R., Schindler, D., Schlesinger, W.H., Simberloff, D. and Swackhamer, D. (2001).Forecasting agriculturally driven global environmental change. Sci., 292: 281–284.

  • Trewawas, A. (1999).Much food, many problems.Nat.,402: 231-32.

  • Tuck, S.L., Winqvist, C., Mota, F., Ahnström, J., Turnbull, L.A. and Bengtsson, J. (2014).Land-use intensity and the effects of organic farming on biodiversity: a hierarchical meta-analysis. J. Appl. Ecol.,51: 746-55.

  • Wilby, A. and Thomas, M.B. (2002).Natural enemy diversity and pest control: patterns of pest emergence with agricultural intensification. Ecol. Letter.,5 : 353-360.

  • Wittebolle, L., Marzorati, M., Clement, L., Balloi, A., Daffonchio, D., Heylen, K., de Vos, P., Verstraete, W. and Boon, N. (2009).Initial community evenness favours functionality under selective stress. Nat.,458: 623-626.

  • Zhang, J., Zheng, X., Jian, H., Qin, X., Yuan, F. and Zhang, R. (2013).Arthropod Biodiversity and Community Structures of Organic Rice Ecosystems in Guangdong Province, China. Florida Entomol. Soc.,96:1-9.


Abstract Views: 428

PDF Views: 0




  • Scenario of Arthropod Diversity in Organic Farming System

Abstract Views: 428  |  PDF Views: 0

Authors

Subash Singh
School of Organic Farming, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana (Punjab), India

Abstract


Major reasons of loss of arthropod diversity, species richness, dominance and abundance are due to the application of synthetic pesticides, deforestation for conventional farmingand lack of habitat and microclimate, and all these occur under conventional farming system. A detailed review revealed the organic farming system to have an holistic approach in performing better than the conventional farming system as former provided important advantages like harmless chemicals, safety to human and animal health, species richness, abundance of insect predators and the pollinators.

Keywords


Organic Farming System, Conventional Farming System, Arthropod Diversity, Predatory Fauna, Species Richness.

References