A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z All
Trilok-Kumar, Geeta
- Zinc Content of Cereals and Pulses in Delhi
Authors
1 Department of Food and Nutrition, Institute of Home Economics, University of Delhi, New Delhi-110016, IN
2 Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Home Economics, University of Delhi, New Delhi-110016, IN
Source
The Indian Journal of Nutrition and Dietetics, Vol 55, No 2 (2018), Pagination: 216-225Abstract
Severe zinc deficiency is rare in India but mild to moderate deficiency could be widespread. There is little data on zinc intakes based on nutritional assessment methods, mainly because the Indian Food Composition Tables that were available until recently gave incomplete zinc content values in foods. A pilot study was, therefore, undertaken to assess the zinc content of cereals and pulses consumed in Delhi and to compare the values with those given in the latest Indian Food Composition Tables. Four hundred and twenty six samples of twenty three varieties of cereals/cereal products and fifteen varieties of pulses, collected from wholesale suppliers in the north, south, east and west zones of Delhi, were analyzed for zinc using atomic absorption spectrophotometer. The concentration of zinc in a given cereal or pulse varied widely between the different zones. Cereals like pearl millet, Italian millet, dry maize, whole wheat and its flour and pulses like roasted Bengal gram and dry peas, Bengal gram dhal and lentil dhal were identified as rich sources of zinc. The mean zinc content in most of the foods analysed in the laboratory showed significant differences when compared with the mean values for cereals and pulses reported in the Indian Food Composition Tables given by the National Institute of Nutrition-Indian Council of Medical Research in 2017. A region specific food composition database is urgently needed as there seem to be huge differences in the zinc values of cereals and pulses consumed in Delhi as compared to the average values representative of all states given in the latest food composition database.Keywords
Zinc, Cereals, Pulses, Food Composition Tables, Nutritive Value.References
- Tulchinsky, T.H. The key role of government in addressing the pandemic of micronutrient deficiency conditions in Southeast Asia. Nutrients, 2015, 7, 2518-2523.
- The World Health Report 2002: Reducing risks, promoting healthy life. World Health Organization, 2002. http://www.who.int/whr/2002/en/whr02_en.pdf?ua=1.
- Prasad, R., Shivay, Y.S. and Kumar, D. Zinc fertilization of cereals for increased production and alleviation of zinc malnutrition in India. Agric. Res., 2013, 2, 111-118.
- Gopalan, C., Ramasastri, B.V., Balasubramanian, S.C., Narasinga Rao, B.S., Deosthale, Y.G. and Pant, K.C. Nutritive Value of Indian Foods. National Institute of Nutrition, Indian Council of Medical Research, 1989.
- Longvah, T., Ananthan, R., Bhaskarachary, K. and Venkaiah, K. Indian Food Composition Tables. National Institute of Nutrition, Indian Council of Medical Research, 2017.
- FSSAI Manual of methods of analysis of foods. Metals. Lab. Manual 9. Food Safety and Standards Authority of India, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India, 2015. http://www.fssai.gov.in/Portals/0/Pdf/Draft_Manuals/METALS.pdf.
- Ratan, P. and Kothiyal, P. Fagopyrum esculentum Moench (common buckwheat) edible plant of Himalayas: A review. Asian J. Phar. Life Sci., 2011, 1, 426-442.
- Hemalatha, S., Patel, K. and Srinivasan, K. Zinc and iron contents and their bioaccessibility in cereals and pulses consumed in India. Food Chem., 2007, 102, 1328-1336.
- Gouri, K. and Raza, S.H. Copper and zinc content in the food commodities of Hyderabad. In: Yunus, M., Singh, N. and Kok de, L.J. ed., Environmental Stress: Indication, Mitigation and Eco-conservation. Springer Science+ Business Media Dordrecht, 2000, 315-322.
- Graham, R.D. and Rengel, Z. Genotypic variation in zinc uptake and utilization by plants. In: Robson A.D. ed., Zinc in Soils and Plants. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht. The Netherlands. 1993, 107-114.
- Erenoglu, B., Eker, S., Cakmak, I., Derici, R. and Romheld, V. Effect of iron and zinc deficiency on release of phytosiderophores in barley cultivars differing in zinc efficiency. J. Plant. Nutr., 2000, 23, 1645-1656.
- Pederson, B. and Eggum, B.O. The influence of milling on the nutritive value of flour from cereal grains. Plant Food. Hum. Nutr., 1983, 33, 267-278.
- Graham, R.D., Welch, R.M. and Bouis, H.E. Addressing micronutrients malnutrition through enhancing the nutritional quality of staple foods: Principles, perspectives and knowledge gaps. Adv. Agron., 2001, 70, 77-142.
- Cakmak, I. Plant nutrition research: Priorities to meet human needs for food in sustainable ways. Plant Soil, 2002, 247, 3-24.
- Bitar, K. and Reinhold, J.G. Phytase and alkaline phosphatase activities in intestinal mucosae of rat, chicken, calf and man. Biochim. Biophys. Acta., 1972, 268, 442-452.
- Cheryan, M. Phytic acid interactions in food systems. CRC Crit. Rev. Fd. Sci. Nutr., 1980, 13, 297-334.
- Lag, J. General survey of Geomedicine. In: Lag, J. ed., Geomedicine. Boca Raton: CRC, 1990, 1-24.
- Graham, R., Senadhira, D., Beebe, S., Iglesias, C. and Monasterio, I. Breeding for micronutrient density in edible portions of staple food crops: conventional approaches. Field Crops Res., 1999, 60, 57-80.
- Garvin, D.F., Welch, R.M. and Finley, J.W. Historical shifts in the seed mineral micronutrient concentration of US hard red winter wheat germplasm. J. Sci. Food Agric., 2006, 86, 2213-2220.
- Gupta, A.P. Micronutrient status and fertilizer use scenario in India. J. Trace Elem. Med. Bio., 2005, 18, 325-331.
- A Sustainable Option of Developing Kitchen Gardens Based on Air Pollution Tolerance Index (APTI) Method of Plants with Edible Leaves for Health and Well Being
Authors
Source
The Indian Journal of Nutrition and Dietetics, Vol 58, No 1 (2021), Pagination: 54-67Abstract
Kitchen gardening is emerging as a sustainable and economic option to meet the food and health demands of a family. Conventionally these have been established in Indian homes since ages. Globally air pollution has become one of the major health and environment hazards and is accelerating at an alarming rate. Delhi being the capital of India experiences inferior air quality as compared to other Indian cities. Plants are known to alleviate air pollution by clarifying, interrupting and riveting pollutants. Classifying such types of plants as sensitive or tolerant groups assumes importance as the former can act as bio-indicators and later as sinks for atmospheric particulates and hence might help to mitigate air pollution. A significant contrivance to screen plant species based on sensitivity or tolerance to air pollutants is Air Pollution Tolerance Index (APTI). Four biochemical parameters, namely, ascorbic acid, total chlorophyll, relative water content and leaf extract pH were determined to calculate APTI of eleven plants whose leaves are habitually consumed in Delhi. These plants are Spinacia oleracae (Spinach), Chenopodium album (Bathua), Murraya koenigii (Curry leaves), Coriandrum sativum (Coriander), Mentha piperita (Mint), Brassica oleracea (Cabbage), Trigonella foenum-graecum (Methi), Anethum graveolens (Dill), Petroselinum crispum (Parsley), Allium fistulosum (Spring onion) and Moringa oleifera (Drumstick). The results of the study indicated that Moringa oleifera (Drumstick) has the highest APTI of 14.89 and Chenopodium album (Bathua) has the lowest of 5.25. It was recommend that Moringa oleifera followed by Murraya koenigii (APTI=12.89), Petroselinum crispum, Trigonella foenum-graecum (APTI=12.85) and Coriandrum sativum (APTI=11.09) as most appropriate plant species for household plantations as well as kitchen gardens.Keywords
Kitchen Gardening, Environment, Air Pollution Tolerance Index (APTI), Biochemical Parameters, pH, Ascorbic Acid, Total Chlorophyll.- Assessment of Type 2 Diabetes Risk in General Population using Bitter Taste Sensitivity Status to Phenylthiocarbamide - A Pilot Study
Authors
1 Department of Microbiology, Swami Shraddhanand College, University of Delhi, New Delhi - 110 036, IN
2 Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Home Economics, University of Delhi, New Delhi - 110 016, IN
Source
The Indian Journal of Nutrition and Dietetics, Vol 60, No 2 (2023), Pagination: 201-213Abstract
Eating habits and genetic factors contribute to diseases such as obesity and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM). Variation in bitter taste perception has been linked with intake of alcohol, coffee, vegetable, and smoking habit as well as with adiposity, a risk factor for diabetes development. Therefore, it was hypothesized that bitter taste perception could lead to differences in eating/drinking behavior among individuals, which may lead T2DM development later in the life. Bitter taste sensitivity was assessed using paper strips having supra-threshold concentration of Phenyl Thio Carbamide (PTC). Lifestyle variables were assessed using standard anthropometry measurements and a questionnaire. T2DM risk was assessed using a point based system developed by Finnish Diabetes Association (FINDRISC score). SPSS software was used for statistical analysis. A total of 498 volunteers from New Delhi region participated in the present study, where the mean age of PTC tasters was 24 ± 12 years and for non-tasters was 29 ± 16 years. PTC taster status was significantly correlated with age (p ≤ 0.01), weight (p ≤ 0.05), BMI (p ≤ 0.05) and waste circumference (p ≤ 0.05). A positive correlation was observed for type of chocolate liking (r = 0.113, p ≤ 0.001) and for T2DM risk (p ≤ 0.012) with PTC non-taster status. Logistic regression analysis showed that PTC non-taster individuals are at a higher risk (OR: 1.558, 95% CI: 1.037-2.342, p=0.033) for developing T2DM in the next ten years. Present results have shown that bitter taste sensitivity modulates liking towards certain food and non-tasters for PTC have a higher BMI, weight and are at a higher risk for T2DM development. PTC tasting could be employed as a method for assessing risk of diabetes in healthy individuals. We recommend large scale screening among young adults to promote awareness and early prevention measures.
Keywords
FINDRISC, Type 2 Diabetes Risk, Prevention, PTC, Food Preference.References
- Glendinning, J.I. Is the bitter rejection response always adaptive? Physiol. Behav., 1994, 56, 1217-27.
- Sandell, M.A. and Breslin, P.A. Variability in a taste-receptor gene determines whether we taste toxins in food. Curr. Biol., 2006, 16, 792-794.
- Chandrashekar, J., Mueller, K.L., Hoon, M.A., Adler, E., Feng, L., Guo, W., Zuker, C.S. and Ryba, N.J. T2Rs function as bitter taste receptors. Cell, 2000, 100, 703-711.
- Biarnes, X., Marchiori, A., Giorgetti, A., Lanzara, C., Gasparini, P., Carloni, P., Born, S., Brockhoff, A., Behrens, M. and Meyerhof, W. Insights into the binding of Phenyltiocarbamide (PTC) agonist to its target human TAS2R38 bitter receptor. PLoS One, 2010, 5, 12394.
- Meyerhof, W., Behrens, M., Brockhoff, A., Bufe, B. and Kuhn, C. Human bitter taste perception. Chem. Senses, 2005, 30, 14-15.
- Kim, M.R., Kusakabe, Y., Miura, H., Shindo, Y., Ninomiya, Y. and Hino, A. Regional expression patterns of taste receptors and gustducin in the mouse tongue. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun., 2003, 312, 50050-6.
- Bufe, B., Breslin, P.A.S., Kuhn, C., Reed, D.R., Tharp, C.D., Slack, J.P., Kim, U.K., Drayna, D. and Meyerhof, W. The molecular basis of individual differences in phenylthiocarbamide and propylthiouracil bitterness perception. Curr. Biol., 2005, 15, 322-327.
- Prodi, D.A., Drayna, D., Forabosco, P., Palmas, M.A., Maestrale, G.B., Piras, D., Pirastu, M. and Angius, A. Bitter taste study in a sardinian genetic isolate supports the association of phenylthiocarbamide sensitivity to the TAS2R38 bitter receptor gene. Chem. Senses, 2004, 29, 697-702.
- Dinehart, M.E., Hayes, J.E., Bartoshuk, L.M., Lanier, S.L. and Duffy, V.B. Bitter taste markers explain variability in vegetable sweetness, bitterness, and intake. Physiol. Behav., 2006, 87, 304-313.
- Tepper, B.J., Williams, T.Z.A., Burgess, J.R., Antalis, C.J. and Mattes, R.D. Genetic variation in bitter taste and plasma markers of anti-oxidant status in college women. Int. J. Fd. Sci. Nutr., 2009, 60, 35-45.
- Bachmanov, A.A. and Beauchamp, G.K. Taste receptor genes. Annu. Rev. Nutr., 2007, 27, 389-414.
- Hu, F.B., Manson, J.E., Stampfer, M.J., Colditz, G., Liu, S., Solomon, C.G. and Willett, W.C. Diet, lifestyle, and the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus in women. N. Engl. J. Med., 2001, 345, 790-797.
- Ardisson Korat, A.V., Willett, W.C. and Hu, F.B. Diet, lifestyle, and genetic risk factors for type 2 diabetes: A review from the nurses’ health study, Nurses’ Health Study 2, and Health Professionals’ Follow-up Study. Curr. Nutr. Rep., 2014, 3, 345-354.
- Driscoll, K.A., Perez, M., CukrowiczK.C., Butler, M. and Joiner, Jr. T.E. Associations of phenylthiocarbamide tasting to alcohol problems and family history of alcoholism differ by gender. Psych. Res., 2006, 143, 21-27.
- Snedecor, S.M., Pomerleau, C.S., Mehringer, A.M., Ninowski, R. and Pomerleau, O.F. Differences in smoking-related variables based on phenylthiocarbamide “taster” status. Addict. Behav., 2006, 31, 2309-23012.
- Keller, M., Liu, X., Wohland, T., Rohde, K., Gast, M.T., Stumvoll, M., Kovacs, P., Tonjes, A. and Bottcher, Y. TAS2R38 and its influence on smoking behavior and glucose homeostasis in the German Sorbs. PLoS One, 2013, 8, e80512.
- Tepper, B.J., Koelliker, Y., Zhao, L., Ullrich, N.V., Lanzara, C., d’Adamo, P., Ferrara, A., Ulivi, S., Esposita, L. and Gasparini, P. Variation in the bitter-taste receptor gene TAS2R38, and adiposity in a genetically isolated population in Southern Italy. Obesity (Silver Spring), 2008, 16, 2289-2295.
- Rana, J.S., Li, T. Y., Manson, J.E. and Hu, F.B.Adiposity compared with physical inactivity and risk of type 2 diabetes in women. Diabetes Care, 2007, 30, 53-58.
- Gupta, V., Kumar, A., Sharma, L., Bhatia, K. and Walia, G.K. Association of TAS2R38 polymorphism with measures of adiposity in Indian population. Meta. Gene., 2018, 18, 68-72.
- Terry, M.C. and G. Segall, The association of diabetes and taste-blindness. J. Hered., 1947, 38, 135-137.
- Ali, S.G., Khan, A.K.A., Mahtab, H., Khan, A.R. and Muhibullah, M. Association of phenylthiocarbamide taste sensitivity with diabetes mellitus in Bangladesh. Hum. Hered., 1994, 44, 14-17.
- Bernabe-Ortiz, A., Perel, P., Miranda, J.J. and Smeeth, L. Diagnostic accuracy of the finnish diabetes risk score (FINDRISC) for undiagnosed T2DM in Peruvian population. Prim. Care Diabetes, 2018, 12, 517-525.
- Burd, C., Senerat, A., Chambers, E. and Keller, K.L. PROP taster status interacts with the built environment to influence children’s food acceptance and body weight status. Obesity (Silver Spring), 2013, 21 786-794.
- Kwon, H. and J.E. Pessin, Adipokines mediate inflammation and insulin resistance. Front. Endocrinol (Lausanne)., 2013, 4, 71.
- Sharafi, M., Rawal, S., Fernandez, M.L., Huedo Medina, T.B. and Duffy, V.B. Taste phenotype associates with cardiovascular disease risk factors via diet quality in multivariate modeling. Physiol. Behav., 2018, 194, 103-112.
- Veluswami, D., Meena, B.A., Latha, S., Fathima, G.I., Soundariya, K. and Selvi, K.S. A study on prevalence of phenyl thiocarbamide (PTC) taste blindness among obese individuals. J. Clin. Diagn. Res., 2015, 9, CC04-6.
- Feng, J., He, S. and Chen, X. Body adiposity index and body roundness index in identifying insulin resistance among adults without diabetes. Am. J. Med. Sci., 2019, 357, 116-123.
- Fischer, R., Griffin, F. and Kaplan, A.R. Taste thresholds, cigarette smoking, and food dislikes. Med. Exp. Int. J. Exp. Med., 1963, 9, 151-167.
- Fischer, R., Griffin, F., England, S. and Garn, S.M. Taste thresholds and food dislikes. Nature, 1961, 191, 1328.
- Duffy, V.B., Davidson, A.C., Kidd, J.R., Kidd, KK., Speed, W.C., Pakstis, A, J., Reed, D.R., Snyder, D. J. and Bartoshuk, L.M. Bitter receptor gene (TAS2R38), 6-n-propylthiouracil (PROP) bitterness and alcohol intake. Alcohol. Clin. Exp. Res., 2004, 28, 1629-1637.
- Keller, K.L. and Adise, S. Variation in the ability to taste bitter thiourea compounds: implications for food acceptance, dietary intake, and obesity risk in children. Annu. Rev. Nutr., 2016, 36, 157-182.
- van Dieren, S., Uiterwaal, C.S.P.M., Van der Schouw, Y.T., Van der, A. D.L., Boer, J.M.A., Spijkerman, A., Grobbee, D.E. and Beulens, J.W.L. Coffee and tea consumption and risk of type 2 diabetes. Diabetologia, 2009, 52, 2561-2569.
- Anderson, R.A. and Polansky, M.M. Tea enhances insulin activity. J. Agric. Fd. Chem., 2002, 50, 7182-7186.
- Ly, A. and Drewnowski, A. PROP (6-n-Propylthiouracil) tasting and sensory responses to caffeine, sucrose, neohesperidin dihydrochalcone and chocolate. Chem. Senses, 2001. 26, 41-47.
- Ramos, S., Martin, M.A. and Goya, L. Effects of cocoa antioxidants in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Antioxidants (Basel), 2017, 6.
- Shah, S.R., Alweis, R., Najim, N. I., Dharani, A.M., Jangda, M.A., Shahid, M., Kazi, A.N. and Shah, S.A. Use of dark chocolate for diabetic patients: A review of the literature and current evidence. J. Comm. Hosp. Intern. Med. Perspect, 2017, 7, 218-221.
- Lima-Martinez, M.M., Arrau, C., Jerez, S., Paoli, M., Gonzalez rivas, J.P., Nieto Martinez, R. and Lacobellis, G. Relationship between the Finnish Diabetes Risk Score (FINDRISC), vitamin D levels, and insulin resistance in obese subjects. Prim. Care Diabetes, 2017, 11, 94-100.