International Journal of Agricultural Engineering

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Prediction of TDS in Groundwater by using BP-NM Modeling


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1 Department of Agricultural and Food Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur (W.B.), India
     

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Total dissolved solids (TDS) comprise inorganic salts (principally calcium, magnesium, potassium, sodium, bicarbonates, chlorides, and sulfates) and some small amounts of organic matter that are dissolved in water. TDS in drinking-water originate from natural sources, sewage, urban run-off, industrial wastewater, and chemicals used in the water treatment process, and the nature of the piping or hardware used to convey the water. The present study deals with the prediction of TDS in Nadia district, West Bengal using back propagation neural network approach with gradient descent training method and the performance evaluation was done using RMSE, NSE, IOA, MAE and R2. It is found that the best result was obtained by M-6-10-1 (Input- Hidden-Output). The effectiveness of total hardness, chloride, potassium is also explained by the result of this study.

Keywords

Back Propagation Neural Network, TDS, Gradient Descent Method, Hidden Nodes, Correlation Matrix, MATLAB.
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  • Prediction of TDS in Groundwater by using BP-NM Modeling

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Authors

Debaditya Gupta
Department of Agricultural and Food Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur (W.B.), India
Alivia Chowdhury
Department of Agricultural and Food Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur (W.B.), India

Abstract


Total dissolved solids (TDS) comprise inorganic salts (principally calcium, magnesium, potassium, sodium, bicarbonates, chlorides, and sulfates) and some small amounts of organic matter that are dissolved in water. TDS in drinking-water originate from natural sources, sewage, urban run-off, industrial wastewater, and chemicals used in the water treatment process, and the nature of the piping or hardware used to convey the water. The present study deals with the prediction of TDS in Nadia district, West Bengal using back propagation neural network approach with gradient descent training method and the performance evaluation was done using RMSE, NSE, IOA, MAE and R2. It is found that the best result was obtained by M-6-10-1 (Input- Hidden-Output). The effectiveness of total hardness, chloride, potassium is also explained by the result of this study.

Keywords


Back Propagation Neural Network, TDS, Gradient Descent Method, Hidden Nodes, Correlation Matrix, MATLAB.

References