Study of Effect of Oligohydramnios on Maternal and Fetal Outcome

Background: Amniotic fluid acts like a cushion and helps in growth of fetus, decrease in amniotic fluid volume may lead to increased risk of intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR), meconium aspiration syndrome, severe birth asphyxia, low APGAR scores and congenital abnormities.

Objective: This study was done to see effects of Oligohydramnios on fetal outcome in the form of neonatal morbidity and mortality and maternal morbidity.

Material and Methods: Present study was done in 100 patients who have completed 28 weeks of pregnancy and above with oligohydramnios, selected randomly after satisfying inclusion and exclusion criteria. Detailed examination done and oligohydramnios was confirmed by measuring AFI on ultrasonography. Associated complications, type of delivery conducted, and fetal outcome for perinatal morbidity&mortality studied.

Results: Common causes for Oligohydramnios were idiopathic (56%) and PIH (24%). Most common reason to perform caesarean was fetal distress. Oligohydramnios was related to higher rate of growth retardation and neonatal intensive care unit admission.

Conclusion: Oligohydramnios is frequent occurring condition. This condition requires antepartum and intrapartum care. Due to oligohydramnios intrapartum complications, perinatal morbidity and mortality are increasing. Decision between vaginal delivery and caesarean section should be well balanced. Unnecessary maternal morbidity can be prevented. Timely intervention can reduce perinatal morbidity and mortality.