International Journal of Medical and Dental Sciences

Open Access Open Access  Restricted Access Subscription Access

Maxillofacial Injuries Due to Road Traffic Accidents in Saudi Arabia: A Review of Incidence, Demographic Factors & Prevention Strategies


Affiliations
1 Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, College of Dentistry, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
 

Background: World Health Organization has estimated that nearly 25% of all injuries fatalities worldwide are a result of road traffic crashes with 90% of the fatalities occurring in low and middle income countries. Trauma in Saudi Arabia is a major public health problem with increasing rates of mortality and morbidity.

Objectives: To review the incidence of maxillofacial injuries due to road traffic accidents in Saudi Arabia and to highlight the etiological factors, the current preventive strategies and suggestions to reduce such injuries.

Material and Methods: This review was conducted through literature search over a period of 25 years. The key words included in the search include road traffic injuries, maxillofacial trauma, Saudi Arabia. The search was conducted through search engines and which included Google, science direct, pub med. A total of 56 reference articles and web pages were reviewed. 31 of these references are cited in this review. The demographic factors involved in road traffic accidents, the existing legislation in the country as cited in the literature, primary care system and recent advances in management are highlighted in this review article.

Conclusion: Trauma is a preventable cause of death, morbidity, depression and unemployment. Simple measures such as seat belt legislation, traffic monitoring, creation of awareness among youth will significantly bring down loss of lives. This will create a better society to live and enjoy life.


Keywords

Saudi Arabia, Trauma, Accidents, Mortality.
User
Notifications
Font Size


  • Naeem Z. Road Traffic Injuries – Changing Trend? International Journal of Health Sciences 2010;4(2):1-4.

  • Ansari S, Akhdar F, Mandoorah M, Moutaery K. Causes and effects of road traffic accidents in Saudi Arabia. Public Health 2000;114(1):379.

  • Adeyemo WL, Ladeinde AL, Ogunlewe MO, James O. Trends and characteristics of oral and maxillofacial injuries in Nigeria: A review of the literature. Head Face Med 2005;1:7.

  • AI Moutaery K, Akhdar F. Implications of Road Accidents in Saudi Arabia. Saudi med J 2013;2:2

  • Al-Naami MY, Arafah MA, Al-Ibrahim FS. Trauma care systems in Saudi Arabia: an agenda for action. Ann Saudi Med 2010;30(1):50-8.

  • Agnihotri A, Galfat D, Agnihotri D. Incidence and Pattern of Maxillofacial Trauma Due to Road Traffic Accidents: A Prospective Study. J Maxillofac Oral Surg 2014;13(2):184-8.

  • Al-Shammari, Mohammed B. Traffic accidents in Saudi Arabia: a study of their causes and association with driver behavior, with specific reference to the eastern region. http://core.ac.uk/download/files/127/522248 7.pdf

  • Batouk AN, Abu-Eisheh N, Abu-Eshy S, AlShehri M, Al-Naami M, Jastaniah S. Analysis of 303 Road Traffic Accident Victims Seen Dead on Arrival at Emergency Room-Assir Central Hospital. Journal of Family and Community Medicine 1996;3(1):29-34.

  • World Report on Road Traffic Injury Prevention–Summary. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2004.

  • Ansari S, Akhdar F, Mandoorah M, Moutaery K. Causes and effects of road traffic accidents in Saudi Arabia. Public Health 2000;114:37–9.

  • Annual Traffic Statistical Report. Kingdom of Saudi Arabia: Traffic General Administrate; 2006.

  • Singh V, Malkunje L, Mohammad S, Singh N, Dhasmana S, Das SK. The maxillofacial injuries: A Study National Journal of Maxillofacial Surgery 2012;3(2):166-71.

  • Ansari S, Akhdar F, Mandoorah M, Moutaery K. Causes and effects of road traffic accidents in Saudi Arabia. Public Health 2000;114(1):379.

  • Isam S, Al Ghamdi A. Analysis of injuries resulting from road traffic accidents in Riyadh district. King Saud Magazine-Engineering Science 1996;8:235-50.

  • National Safety Council. Accident facts, 2nd ed. National Safety Council: USA, 1994.

  • Wang Z, Jiang J. An overview of research advances in road traffic trauma in China. Traffic Inj Prev 2003;4(1):9-16.

  • Hussain SS, Ahmad M, Khan MI, Anwar M, Amin M, Ajmal S, et al. Maxillofacial Trauma: Current Practice in Management at Pakistan Institute of Medical Sciences. JAMC 2007;15(2):8-11.

  • Al Ahmed HE, Jaber MA, Abu Fanas SH, Karas M. The pattern of maxillofacial fractures in Sharjah, United Arab Emirates: A review of 230 cases. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral radiol Endod 2004;98:166-70.

  • Chandra Shekar BR, Reddy C. A five-year retrospective statistical analysis of maxillofacial injuries in patients admitted and treated at two hospitals of mysore city. Indian J Dent Res 2008;19:304-8.

  • Mahmeed BE, Morris RE, Al Yassrn IM, Belal MS, Al-Ramzy A, Al Rasheed B, et al.Maxillofacial Trauma in Kuwait: A Retrospective Study (1985-1989). The Saudi Dental Journal 1994;6(1):13-6.

  • Barrimah I, Midhet F, Sharaf F. Epidemiology of Road Traffic Injuries in Qassim Region, Saudi Arabia: Consistnecy of Police and Health Data. International Journal of Health Sciences, Qassim University 2012;6(1):31-41.

  • Norris FH, Matthews BA, Riad JK. Characterological, situational, and behavioral risk factors for motor vehicle accidents: A prospective examination. Accid Anal Prev 2000;32:505–15.

  • Akama MK, Chindia ML, MAcigo FG, Guthua SW. Pattern of maxillofacial and associated injuries in road traffic accidents. East Afr Med J 2007;84(6):287-95.

  • Obuekwe ON, Ojo MA, Akpata O, Etetafia M. Maxillofacial Trauma due to Road Traffic Accidents in Benin Cit, Nigeria: A Prospective Study. Annals of African Medicine 2003;2(2):58-63.

  • Pereira CM, Filho MS, Carneiro DS, Arcanjo RC, de Andrade AL, de Araujo MGB. Epidemiology of maxillofacial injuries at a regional hospital in Goiania, Brazil, between 2008 and 2010. https://doaj.org/

  • article/fa4eb2e8a0ee4a40bf015d9e93619060

  • Osburn TE, Bays RA. Pathophysiology and management of gunshot wounds to the face. In: Foscla RJ, Walker PV, editors. Oral and maxillofacial trauma. Philadelphia: WB Saunders; 1991p.672-721.

  • Al-Ghamdi AS. Emergency medical service rescue times in Riyadh. Accid Anal Prev 2002;34:499–505.

  • Razzak JA, Luby SP. Estimating deaths and injuries due to road traffic accidents in Karachi, Pakistan, through the capturerecapture method. International Journal of Epidemiology 1998;27:866-70.

  • Health Resources and Services Administration. US Department of Health and Human Services Program Support Center. Rockville, MD: Model Trauma System Planning and Evaluation; 2006.

  • Systems Consultation Guide. Chicago: Committee on Trauma–American College of Surgeons, Trauma System Evaluation and Planning Committee; 2008. Regional Trauma Systems: Optimal elements, Integration, and Assessment.


Abstract Views: 248

PDF Views: 117




  • Maxillofacial Injuries Due to Road Traffic Accidents in Saudi Arabia: A Review of Incidence, Demographic Factors & Prevention Strategies

Abstract Views: 248  |  PDF Views: 117

Authors

Kamran Bokhari Syed
Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, College of Dentistry, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia

Abstract


Background: World Health Organization has estimated that nearly 25% of all injuries fatalities worldwide are a result of road traffic crashes with 90% of the fatalities occurring in low and middle income countries. Trauma in Saudi Arabia is a major public health problem with increasing rates of mortality and morbidity.

Objectives: To review the incidence of maxillofacial injuries due to road traffic accidents in Saudi Arabia and to highlight the etiological factors, the current preventive strategies and suggestions to reduce such injuries.

Material and Methods: This review was conducted through literature search over a period of 25 years. The key words included in the search include road traffic injuries, maxillofacial trauma, Saudi Arabia. The search was conducted through search engines and which included Google, science direct, pub med. A total of 56 reference articles and web pages were reviewed. 31 of these references are cited in this review. The demographic factors involved in road traffic accidents, the existing legislation in the country as cited in the literature, primary care system and recent advances in management are highlighted in this review article.

Conclusion: Trauma is a preventable cause of death, morbidity, depression and unemployment. Simple measures such as seat belt legislation, traffic monitoring, creation of awareness among youth will significantly bring down loss of lives. This will create a better society to live and enjoy life.


Keywords


Saudi Arabia, Trauma, Accidents, Mortality.

References





DOI: https://doi.org/10.18311/ijmds%2F2017%2F125560