International Journal of Innovative Research and Development

Abstract

Background: Nursing is a profession of high stress which effect physical as well as mental health of the nurses. There are a lot of reasons due to which stress is caused among nurses.

Objective: To identify the prevalence of stress factors in nurses in LRH, KTH and HMC Peshawar KPK.

Introduction: The major factors of stress in  nurses are facing death and dying, conflicts with physicians, inadequate preparation to meet emotional needs of patients and their families, lack of support, conflicts with other nurses and supervisors, labour standards and uncertainty concerning treatment.

Method: This study was a descriptive cross sectional study where the prevalence and factors of stress in nurses was identified through a self-administered questionnaire.

Findings: 152 questionnaires were distributed among nurses, 52(34.21%) from LRH, 50(32.89%) from KTH and 50(32.89%) were from HMC. Mostly age of the sample was 25-30 years. Distribution of these nurses, according to their nursing status shows that 138(91%) were charge nurses, and 14(09%) were head nurses. Moreover, among the nurses 77(51%) were single, 72(47%) married, 1(0.1%) divorced and (0.1%) were widows.

Conclusion: In current study, majority of participants that (81%) were agreed that nurses feel stress during their job, while remaining (19%) was not feeling stress during their job.

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Self-confidence is not a skill, but helpful in practice. It is an attribute that cannot be transferred from one to another, but it must be acquired by being fostered and modeled. Students build confidence in their ability to function as nurses by experiencing successes in the clinical area (Flagler et al., 1988).

The purpose of this study was to identify the views of the nursing students about clinical instructor behaviours that affect the development of self-confidence, by using self administrated closed ended questionnaire.

It was consisting of 73 questions in four categories (communication behaviours, interpersonal relations, nursing competence, and teaching abilities).Two-stage proportions systematic sampling technique was used to collected data from 200 diploma nursing students.   This Descriptive cross sectional study was conducted in tertiary care hospitals Peshawar Pakistan. The result indicated that Most Important Behaviours of Clinical Instructor as Perceived by Students were 22 (rated by more than 80% of participants), 41were Important Behaviours (rated by 70 to 79 % of Students) and 10 were least Important (rated by less than 70 % of Students) Behaviours of Clinical Instructor as Perceived by Students.

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Objective: To assess the perception of nursing students about problem based learning in nursing institutions in district Peshawar, KPK, Pakistan.

Methodology: A simple cross-sectional study designed was used to collect data in two weeks duration via self-administered questionnaire in a sample size derived 80 baccalaureates nursing students in the selected nursing colleges of Peshawar. The questionnaire contained demographic data, a section about institution in which uses of different teaching methodologies, knowledge about PBL, and PBL enhancing learning responses to dichotomous answers. Data analysis was done on SPSS version 20. Descriptive and inferential statistics were calculated for various variables.

Result: The participants ratio were male 41 (51.3%) and female 39 (48.7%). In response to teaching methodologies used an institutions were “face to face” (100%), PBL develop confidence in self directed learning (97.5%), multiple responses were stand (95%) for PBL activate and organize prior knowledge, identify students weaknesses for improvement, learn more in active participation, improves self directed learning skills and students motivation, improve critical thinking ability were (93.8%). PBL can improve quality of education (88.8%), curriculum should be completely PBL based were (38.8%) and the remaining (61.2%) were not in favour of completely PBL based curriculum.

Conclusion: In some nursing institutions students are expose to PBL and practicing it while in others it is quite a possibility of implementing its integral part in nursing curricula by keeping its benefits in mind.

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Introduction: Sexual Harassment (SH) among nurses is a major problem for nurses and a direct threat to patient care. Sexual harassment is any form of unwanted verbal, non-verbal comments on dress and appearance. One reason is the existing gender issue that the majority of the nurses in Pakistan are female, that’s why female are more exposed towards harassment. Women try to hide SH due to Islamic modesty and cultural traditions. Secondly, once they decide to take action there is a lack of redress at organizational and government level.

Methodology: This paper provides a quantitative (descriptive) review that estimates exposure rates by type of harassment, awareness level of SH policy, contribution to raising voice and consequences on nurses and their performance at three tertiary care hospitals (LRH, KTH and HMC) in Peshawar covering a sample size of 150 through questionnaires.

Quantitative (descriptive study) among staff and student nurses

Results: 66% SH existence in hospital, 80% has experience, 65.3% respondent report incidence, management addresses the issue 33.3% but 70.7% are not satisfied from its measures, 50.7%, SH effect psychologically, 40.7% effect on performance, 8% effect on health. Mostly victimized by patient and their male visitors 55.3%, by doctor 25.3% by their colleagues 4.7% and by administration 14.7%.

Discussion and Conclusion: After having clear understanding of the concept of SH and its negative consequences on an individual, such advances can no longer be ignored. It’s a high time to reflect that how the nurses left nursing profession in fear of threats, harassment, or any type of violence. All the nurses have the right to work in a safe and healthy environment and take autonomous decision. Sexual harassment has extreme negative effects on nurse performance, health, morale, self-esteem and entire personality. Yet they often do not make formal complaints through internal organizational procedures or to outside bodies. The available law about the protection of women at work places must be imposed in its true spirit and laws in Pakistan penal code about the protection of the modesty of female must be made part of nursing education so as to educate them that the law provides them the right of life with chastity and modesty.

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Introduction: Learning takes place when students apply what they have learned in classroom environment and practiced in a simulation laboratory into real life scenarios of nursing.  Learning in the clinical practice is an important component of nursing education considering that nursing is practice-based profession. The importance of clinical practice cannot be overemphasized as it prepares nurses to become competent practitioners. The aim of this study is to investigate that the availability of nursing instructor enhances student nurse practice.

Methodology: The setting of the study was the three tertiary care setting of the province that represents the whole province. The sample of 150 was conveniently chosen from the nursing student in the three tertiary care teaching hospitals of Peshawar. ERC approval has been taken along with the study setting permission from each hospital medical and nursing superintendent.

Results: The result indicated that the clinical instructor can improve the clinical practice of student nurse, and prepare competent clinical practitioner. Current study shows the availability of clinical instructor only 50%, while remaining population mentioned that there is no clinical instructor available. Similarly, 50% of the participants mentioned that the clinical instructor needs to change their behaviour towards students learning.

Discussion: This study concludes that a significant number of participant recommended to make the availably of clinical instructor possible which help them to develop their skills, update their knowledge and gain confidence.

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Sex selective abortion is the terminating of pregnancy that is based on the predicted sex of the baby by ultrasound. The abortion of the fetus is more common where the cultural norms, values male child over female. Especially this practice is more common in Pakistan and other developing countries like china and India. According to Population Service International (PSI) more than 90% of ultrasound during pregnancy is performed for sex determination. In Pakistan many health professionals are practicing illegal in the community. These people not only practicing illegally but they misuse the technology also. According to Ravitsky (2011) excessive ultrasound imaging can harm the fetus, so the health professional should focus on the ‘Primum non nocere’ (first do not harm). Mostly in the early stages of pregnancy the female does ultrasound not for the sake of medical diagnosis but to know about “Pink and Blue”. From an ethical point of view this ‘pink and blue, phenomenon of sex determination is intriguing. This practice is more common in rural areas. This issue lead to violate the principle of ethics that is ‘justice’ and ‘the right to life’. In the above scenario the pregnant women were giving preference to a male fetus on the female fetus that's why she was going to abort it, and this is the most common practice in the rural community of Pakistan. Abortion itself is debatable but in this article, my focus will be rested on ultrasound use for sex determination. Abortion cannot solve social problems such as poor housing, financial status or others which lead women to terminate their pregnancy. 

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Introduction:

Research was carried on 100, 14-49 year old mothers who had a child whose age was 0-3 years old and lived in the district of swat (Saidu Teaching Hospital Saidu Sharif Swat to determine use of maternal and child health care (MCH) services, their perception of needing these services, and the relationship between MCH utilization and social, economic, and demographic factors.

Materials and Methods:

A cross sectional study of 100 mothers was conducted in different union council of swat during the autumn 2012, a house to house survey in the villages was carried out and some half of the respondents was selected from the Saidu Teaching hospital that cover the health of the whole population of Swat District.

Results:

In the study sample 68% of women had 1-3 children. Only 57% had registered with a health facility, mainly primary health centres (17%), during their 1^st trimester 22% women didn’t visit a doctor, but only visit the health facility for delivery. The major reason for not visiting the facility was socio-cultural, financial and demographic problems. 84% of women gave birth to a child at home. A traditional birth attendant (dai), or Lady Health Visitor (LHV) were present for all home births.

Conclusion:

The result of a this study has shown that age, duration of marriage, education, occupation, family income, parity and distance are significantly correlated with the choice of MCH services used. The result of this discriminant analysis highlights distance, mother's education and age as the strongest determinants of the choice of MCH services, after adjusting for all other variables. Women of higher socioeconomic group, 15-29 years old, and with 03 children were more likely to adequately use prenatal care. These results highlighted the need to develop a strong health education program using the mass media, recruiting more female health guides than male and training dais in MCH services.

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