International Journal of Innovative Research and Development

Abstract

Metric study on human fetal bones does not limit itself in understanding the prenatal growth pattern alone. Rather it holds its application in the areas of anatomical, clinical and forensic sciences. Few studies are available on fetal diaphyseal length of humerus correlates with crown-rump length /crown-heel length (CRL/CHL). However the earlier studies show variations in the objectives, methodology adopted to prepare the bones, measurements selected and sample size which all depict an unreliable data base. The present study has been carried out on 912 fetal humeri from 456 human fetuses (244 males, 212 females) the largest sample ever reported, of varying periods of prenatal growth from 11 weeks to 40 weeks. Another significant aspect of the present study is that the humeri have been prepared through simple maceration process to preserve the originality of the bones. The maximum length of the diaphysis of humerus (h-ml) has been taken. It has been observed that there exists an overall prenatal growth pattern of fetal humerus based on the h-ml. There is a highly significant correlation observed between the h-ml and the CRL and CHL. Bisexual and bilateral differences have been analyzed. On the basis of the h-ml, regression equations have been calculated to estimate the fetal age, a crucial factor in medico-legal cases.  

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Abstract

Study on prenatal growth and development of human aspects has always been a neglected part. Expert opinion is routinely asked by the legal authorities to the anatomists regarding the age, sex and the cause of death of human from his skeletal remains. The anatomists could answer such queries, if the deceased under question belong to postnatal stage, childhood, adolescence or adult. But if such queries are asked on the prenatal stage of human, difficulties are faced to provide answers to such questions. The reason for this lacuna is precisely because of the unavailability of proper reference on such field. In the present study the maximum length of the diaphysis of femur (f-ml) was measured on 912 fetal femora, the largest ever reported, from 456 human fetuses (244males and 212 females) of age range between 11 weeks to 40 weeks of intrauterine life. The fetuses were collected over the period of more than 25 years and the femora were prepared through simple maceration process. The f-ml has been correlated with CRL and CHL. Bisexual and bilateral differences have been analyzed. Growth pattern of the fetuses has been analyzed and the growth rate has been calculated on the basis of f-ml.  Required regression equations were calculated to estimate fetal age, a crucial factor in medico-legal cases. 

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Abstract

In dealing with fetal growth, earlier studies carried out on chemically preserved fetuses with very little sample size and measured only the length of fetal long bones. The present study is a pioneer one, taken on naturally macerated fetal tibia bones. There have been six new osteometric measurements introduced on human fetal tibia. Maximum possible osteometric measurements have been taken on a record number of 912 fetal tibia bones from 456 fetuses having age range between 11 weeks to 40 weeks of intrauterine life. Bilateral and bisexual differences have been analyzed. Growth of the fetal tibia has been analyzed, based on its osteometry. The fastest rate of growth is observed in the length of the shaft of fetal tibia in females during 11 weeks to 16 weeks of the intrauterine life of human fetus. For every 1 mm increase in the CRL, the Maximum Length of Tibia (t-ml) is increased by .246 mm in females. Regression values have been calculated to estimate human fetal age from the osteometric measurements on fetal tibia. The age estimation is a crucial factor in dealing with medico-legal cases.

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Abstract

Very few osteometric studies are available on human fetuses dealing with fetal growth based on osteometric measurements. Earlier studies dealt with smaller sample size and measured only the length of long bones from chemically preserved fetuses. The present study is a pioneer one, measured on naturally maceratedfetal fibula bones. There have been six new osteometric measurements introduced on human fetal fibula. Maximum possible osteometric measurements taken on a record number of 912 fetal fibula bones from 456 fetuses having age range between 11 weeks to 40 weeks of intrauterine life.  Bilateral and bisexual differences have been analyzed. Growth of fetal fibula has been analyzed, based on its osteometry. The fastest rate of growth is observed in fetal fibula in females during 11 to 16 weeks of the intrauterine life of human fetus. For every 1 mm increase in the CRL, the Maximum Length of Fibula (fi-ml) is increased by .348 mm in the females. Regression values have been calculated to estimate human fetal age from the osteometric measurements on fetal fibula. Estimation of fetal age from the osteometry on fetal fibulais one of the crucial requirements in forensics.

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