International Journal of Innovative Research and Development

Abstract

The environment which is the totality of human life has being subjected to unwholesome degradation owing to the exploration of petroleum. This article examines the exploration of oil and gas in the Niger Delta region in Nigeria cum its adverse effect on the environment. This article reveals that environmental sustainability cannot be overemphasized in the Niger Delta region as its indigenes largely depend on the natural environment for subsistence living. Hence, any harm done to the environment would be cataclysmic to their livelihood. However, the resultant effect from the exploration of petroleum in that region such as oil spillage and gas flaring has made life unbearable for the indigenes of the Niger Delta region. This article further shows that irrespective of the number of statutes, regulations and international agreements bordering on environment, the degradation of the Niger Delta environment and Nigeria as a whole remains the order of the day. This article recommends among other things for the constant upgrade and calibration of exploration equipment’s as well as the speedy passage of the Petroleum Industrial Bill which will usher in a new dimension in tackling environmental degradation in the Niger Delta region.

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This article examines strictly negotiation as an Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR) mechanism in managing and resolving conflicts in the present age. Conflict which is a neutral phenomenon and an unavoidable consequence of human interaction in any society is inevitable. Rather than going through the rigorous proceedings of litigation or court, this article brings to mind the existence of other liberal methods of resolving disputes. Relevant international and local conflicts are examined in the bid of depicting negotiation as an effective tool of resolving them.

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This article examines mediation and negotiation as a remedy to conflicts happening around the world. Based on the fact that human beings and conflicts are inseparable, it is imperative to seek out for methods in resolving these disputes without spilling blood. Mediation which alters the dynamics of negotiation has proven to be an important tool in resolving conflict at various fields. It involves a neutral third party working with the disputants to resolve their dispute by agreement rather than imposing his own decision on them. The article takes account of certain conflicts such as the Iraq-Iran conflict, Kuwait-Iraq invasion and the Nigerian-Cameroon border disputes and examined the interplay of mediation and negotiation in resolving such complex disputes. This article concludes that these Alternative Dispute Resolution processes should be utilized more often as it more advantageous coupled with the successive outcomes it guarantees.

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