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Verma, Anil
- Synthesis and Evaluation of Graphene for PEMFC Catalyst Support
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International Journal of Innovative Research and Development, Vol 1, No 7Sp (2012), Pagination: 7-12Abstract
Carbon supported platinum is a traditional electrocatalyst for proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC). The support material for the platinum is the key to the performance of the fuel cell. The catalyst performance can be enhanced by increasing the surface area as well as the electrical conductivity of the support material. Graphene is a flat monolayer of sp2 hybridized carbon atoms tightly packed into a two-dimensional honeycomb lattice, which is a basic building block for carbon-based materials. Graphene has extraordinary high electrical conductivity as well as very high surface area as compared to carbon (Vulcan XC-72). Therefore, in the present study, graphene is synthesized as a support material by thermo-chemical method. The synthesized graphene is characterized by FESEM, TEM, and XRD. The graphene supported platinum (Pt/G) is prepared by precipitation method and the prepared catalyst is characterized for particle size, surface morphology, and electrochemical performance using cyclic voltammetry. The electrochemical surface area of graphene supported platinum is around 19% more than that of the carbon supported platinum (Pt/C). The membrane electrode assembly is developed and tested in a proton exchange membrane fuel cell. The operating parameters of the fuel cell are controlled by the help of a fuel cell test station. The performances of the fuel cell developed by Pt/G and Pt/C (commercial) are compared. The maximum power densities of Pt/G and Pt/C are observed as 314 and 426 mW-cm-2, respectively.Keywords
Cyclic Voltammetry, Graphene Supported Pt, TEM, PEM- Enhanced Performance of Direct Methanol Fuel Cell Using Talc Modified Nafion Membrane
Abstract Views :153 |
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International Journal of Innovative Research and Development, Vol 1, No 7Sp (2012), Pagination: 128-134Abstract
Magnesium silicate hydroxide, Mg3Si4O10(OH)2, commonly known as talc, is employed to modify nafion for application in direct methanol fuel cell. Improved proton conductivity and reduced fuel permeability are shown by the talc/nafion composite membrane. Highest proton conductivity is achieved with 5% talc/nafion membrane, which is 27.14% higher than that of pure cast nafion membrane. However, 1% talc/nafion membrane reduced methanol permeability by 51% compared to nafion 117 and by 42% compared to pure cast nafion. Fuel cell performance was evaluated at varying methanol concentrations and temperatures. The talc/nafion membranes exhibited higher open circuit voltages and current density than both pure cast nafion and nafion 117. The highest current density is achieved with 1% talc/nafion with 3 M methanol at 80°C. At a constant cell voltage of 0.28 V, 155.95 mA-cm-2 of current density is obtained with 1% talc/nafion, 6.4 mA-cm-2 with pure cast nafion and 6.82 mA-cm-2 with nafion 117.Keywords
Direct Methanol Fuel Cell, Nafion Composite, Methanol Permeability, Proton Conductivity, Talc- Sustainable Production of Fuel from Electrochemical Reduction of Carbon Dioxide
Abstract Views :153 |
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Zinc Oxide
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International Journal of Innovative Research and Development, Vol 1, No 7Sp (2012), Pagination: 155-160Abstract
Carbon dioxide being a very stable molecule, has always sought the attention of researchers globally, and its efficient fixation is still a challenging task. Electrochemical reduction of CO2, is one of the methods to fix this molecule, which can result in products like methanol, formic acid, methane etc. that can be efficiently used as alternative energy carriers. However, CO2 electroreduction is not a very feasible reaction without the use of catalysts because of the high overpotential, slow reaction kinetics, and other competing reactions. Hence, use of the efficient catalyst is of key importance in this reaction, as it also determines the selectivity of products. In this present work, an electrochemical reactor is developed and fabricated for the electrochemical conversion of CO2 into fuel. Catalysts, CuO and ZnO are synthesized and characterized for electrochemical reduction of CO2 into methanol. The absorbed CO2 in potassium bicarbonate solution is fed into the electrochemical reactor. It is found that the catalysts are active towards CO2 electroreducion and highly selective for methanol production. The yield of the methanol for CuO and ZnO are found to be 8.7% and 5.4% at 2.0 V and 2.5 V, respectively.Keywords
Carbon Dioxide, Copper Oxide, Electrochemical Reduction, Methanol,Zinc Oxide