Open Access Open Access  Restricted Access Subscription Access
Open Access Open Access Open Access  Restricted Access Restricted Access Subscription Access

A Review on Variant of Concern (Delta Variant of COVID 19)


Affiliations
1 Department of Pharmacognosy, Pravara Rural College of Pharmacy, Pravaranagar, Maharashtra, India, 413736., India
     

   Subscribe/Renew Journal


The B.1.6179 Delta variant of the severe acute metabolic process syndrome corona virus (SARS –COV-2). The virus that causes corona virus unwellness 2019 (covid -19), has contributed to a surge in cases of Republic of India and has currently been detected across the world, as well as a notable increase in cases within the UK. Delta and (B.167.2.1/(Ay.1) could be a new variant of the SARS- CoV-2. corona virus came in existence because of a mutation within the delta strain of the virus (B.1.617.2 variant). It is technically successive generation of SARS-COV-2. This mutant of delta was initial detected in Europe march 2021.The delta virus that was initial detected in Republic of India (in February 2021) eventually became an enormous downside for the total world. However, the delta variant at the moment, is restricted to smaller areas within the country. Individual’s reportable symptoms like headaches, sore throats, fluid noses, and fever. The world health organization (WHO)is following this variant as a part of the delta variant as well as for different variants of concern with extra mutations. This review provides detail idea about delta virus its treatment, prevention and methods for reduction of sensitivity.

Keywords

Delta variant, Spike Proteins, antibody neutralization, Delta plus variant, Vaccines.
Subscription Login to verify subscription
User
Notifications
Font Size


  • Yadav, P. D. et al. Neutralization of variant under investigation B.1.617 with sera of BBV152 vaccinees. Clinical Infectious Diseases, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciab411 (2021).
  • Ferreira, I. et al. SARS-CoV-2 B.1.617 emergence and sensitivity to vaccine- elicitedantibodies.Biorxiv,2021.2005.2008.443253,https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.05.08.443253(2021).
  • Hoffmann, M. et al. SARS-CoV-2 variant B.1.617 is resistant to Bamlanivimab and evades antibodies induced by infection and vaccination. Biorxiv, 2021.2005.2004.442663,https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.05.04.442663 (2021).
  • Cherian, S. et al. Convergent evolution of SARS-CoV-2 spike mutations, L452R, E484Qand P681R, in the second wave of COVID-19 in Maharashtra, India. Biorxiv, 2021.2004.2022.440932, https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.04.22.440932 (2021).
  • Edara, V.-V. et al. Infection and vaccine-induced neutralizing antibody responses to the SARS-CoV-2 B.1.617.1 variant. Biorxiv, 2021.2005.2009.443299, https://doi. org/10.1101/2021.05.09.443299 (2021)
  • Tada, T. et a l. The Spike Proteins of SARS-CoV-2 B.1.617 and B.1.618 Variants Identified in India Provide Partial Resistance to Vaccine-elicited and Therapeutic MonoclonalAntibodies.Biorxiv,2021.2005.2014.444076,https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.05.14.444076 (2021).
  • Liu, J. et al. BNT162b2-elicited neutralization of B.1.617 and other SARS-CoV-2 variants.Nature, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-021-03693-y (2021).
  • Wall, E. C. et al. Neutralising antibody activity against SARS-CoV-2 VOCs B.1.617.2 and B.1.351 by BNT162b2 vaccination. The Lancet 397, 2331-2333, https://doi.org/10.1016/ S0140-6736(21)01290-3 (2021).
  • World Health Organization (WHO). SARS-CoV-2 Variants of Concern and Variants of Interest. Geneva: WHO; 2021. Available from: https://www.who.int/en/activities/ tracking-SARS-CoV-2-variants/
  • Melisa Fernandes, Jyoti R. Thakur, Manisha S. Gavanje. A Study to assess knowledge regarding covid-19 among Nursing students. Asian J. Nursing Education and Research. 2021; 11(1):65-67.
  • C. Muralikrishna Goud. Coronavirus Disease 2019 - FDA Updates. Asian J. Res. Pharm. Sci. 2020; 10(4):273-281.
  • Public Health England. Variants: distribution of case data, 11 June 2021. 18June2021. www.gov.uk/government/publications/covid-19-variants-genomically- confirmed-case-numbers/variants-distribution-of-case-data-18-june-2021.
  • Public Health England. Effectiveness of covid-19 vaccines against hospital admission with the Delta (B.1.617.2) variant. 14 June 2021. https://khub.net/web/phe-national/public-library/-/document_library/v2Ws-RK3ZlEig/view/479607266.
  • Public Health England. Investigation of SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern: technical briefings. 18 June 2021. www.gov.uk/government/publications/investigation- of-novel-sars-cov-2-variant-variant-of-concern-20201201.
  • Independent SAGE. The Independent Sage Report 44: Continuing need for support measures. 18 June 2021. www.independentsage.org/wp-content/uploads/ 2021/06/Supprt-document-final.pdf.
  • The Public Health England (PHE) Variant Technical Group. SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern and variants under investigation in England: Technical briefing 10. London: PHE. [Accessed: 15 Jun 2021]. Available from: https://assets. publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/984274/Variants_of_Concern_ VOC_Technical_Briefing_10_England.pdf
  • Patel MC, Chaisson LH, Borgetti S, Burdsall D, Chugh RK, Hoff CR, et al. Asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 mortality during an outbreak investigation in a skilled nursing facility. Clin Infect Dis. 2020;71(11):2920-6. https://doi. org/10.1093/cid/ciaa763 PMID: 32548628
  • McMichael TM, Currie DW, Clark S, Pogosjans S, Kay M, Schwartz NG, et al. Epidemiology of Covid-19 in a longterm care facility in King County, Washington. N Engl J Med.2020;382(21):2005-11. https:
  • Office for National Statistics. Coronavirus (covid-19) infection survey, UK. 4 Jun 2021. https://www.ons.gov.uk/peoplepopulationandcommunity/ healthandsocialcare/conditionsanddiseases/bulletins/coronaviruscovid19infectionsurveypilot/ 4june2021#age-analysis-of-the-number-ofpeople- who-had-covid-19.
  • United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Pfizer- BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine emergency use authorization review memorandum. Silver Spring: FDA; 2020. Available from: https://www.fda.gov/media/144416/download
  • Polack FP, Thomas SJ, Kitchin N, Absalon J, Gurtman A, Lockhart S, et al. Safety and efficacy of the BNT162b2 Mrna Covid-19 vaccine. N Engl J Med. 2020;383(27):2603-15. https:// doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa2034577 PMID: 33301246
  • Public Health England (PHE). COVID-19: the green book, chapter 14a. London, PHE. [Accessed: 11 Jun 2021]. Available from: https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/ uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/984310/ Greenbook_chapter_14a_7May2021.pdf
  • Voysey M, Costa Clemens SA, Madhi SA, Weckx LY, Folegatti PM, Aley PK, et al. Single-dose administration and the influence of the timing of the booster dose on immunogenicity and efficacy of ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 (AZD1222) vaccine: a pooled analysis of four randomised trials. Lancet. 2021;397(10277):881-91. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140- 6736(21)00432-3 PMID: 33617777
  • Lopez Bernal J, Andrews N, Gower C, Robertson C, Stowe J, Tessier E, et al. Effectiveness of the Pfizer-BioNTech and Oxford-AstraZeneca vaccines on covid-19 related symptoms, hospital admissions, and mortality in older adults in England: test negative case-control study. BMJ. 2021;373(1088):n1088. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.n1088 PMID: 33985964
  • Vasileiou ESC, Simpson CR, Robertson C, Shi T, Kerr S, Agrawal U, et al. Effectiveness of First Dose of COVID-19 Vaccines Against Hospital Admissions in Scotland: National Prospective Cohort Study of 5.4 Million People. 2021. https://doi.org/ DOI:10.2139/ssrn.3789264
  • Shrotri M, Krutikov M, Palmer T, Giddings R, Azmi B, SubbaraoS, et al. Vaccine effectiveness of the first dose of ChAdOx1nCoV-19 and BNT162b2 against SARS-CoV-2 infection in residents of Long-Term Care Facilities (VIVALDI study). medRxiv. 2021.03.26.21254391. https://doi.org/10.1101/2021. 03.26.21254391
  • Shyam Prasad, Pratikshya Praharaj. Indian consumers’ behaviour during COVID 19: An Exploratory Study. Asian Journal of Management. 2021; 12(2):215-0.
  • Ritika Gupta. The Management of Coronavius Pandemic 2019-2020. Asian J. Pharm. Res. 2020; 10(4):327-330.
  • Archana B. Chavhan, Pavan S. Jadhav, Satish Shelke. COVID 19: Outbreak, Structure and Current therapeutic strategies. Asian J. Pharm. Tech. 2021; 11(1):76-83.
  • Khoury, D. S. et al. Neutralizing antibody levels are highly predictive of immune protection from symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection. Nature Medicine, https://doi.org/10.1038/ s41591-021-01377-8 (2021).
  • Bernal, J. L. et al. Effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccines against the B.1.617.2 variant. medRxiv, 2021.2005.2022.21257658, https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.05.22.21257658 (2021).
  • Lustig Y, Nemet I, Kliker L, Zuckerman N, Yishai R, Alroy-PreisS, et al. Neutralizing Response against Variants after SARSCoV-2 Infection and One Dose of BNT162b2. N Engl J Med.2021;384(25):2453-4. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMc2104036PMID: 3382681528. Wang P, Casner RG, Nair MS, Wang M, Yu J, Cerutti G, et al.Increased resistance of SARS-CoV-2 variant P.1 to antibodyneutralization. Cell Host Microbe. 2021 May 12;29(5):747-51 e4
  • Liu Y, Liu J, Xia H, Zhang X, Zou J, Fontes-Garfias CR, et al.BNT162b2-Elicited Neutralization against New SARS-CoV-2 Spike Variants. N Engl J Med. 2021;NEJMc2106083. https:// doi.org/10.1056/NEJMc2106083 PMID: 33979486
  • Cherian S, Potdar V, Jadhav S, Yadav P, Gupta N, Das M, et al. Panda S Convergent evolution of SARS-CoV-2 spike mutations, L452R, E484Q and P681R, in the second wave of COVID-19 in Maharashtra, India. bioRxiv. 2021. https://doi. org/10.1101/2021.04.22.440932
  • Callaway E. Delta coronavirus variant: scientists brace for impact. Nature. 2021 Jun 22. https://doi.org/http://dx.doi. org/10.1038/d41586-021-01696-3 . PMID: 34158664
  • Liu C, Ginn HM, Dejnirattisai W, Supasa P, Wang B, Tuekprakhon A, et al. Reduced neutralization of SARS-CoV-2 B.1.617 by vaccine and convalescent serum. Cell. 2021.
  • Available from: https://www.cell.com/action/showPdf?pii =S0092-8674%2821%2900755-8
  • 37. Wang P, Casner RG, Nair MS, Wang M, Yu J, Cerutti G, et al. resistance of SARS-CoV-2 variant P.1 to antibody neutralization. Cell Host Microbe. 2021 May 12;29(5):747-51 e4.
  • 38. Shen X, Tang H, Pajon R, Smith G, Glenn GM, Shi W, et al. Neutralization of SARS-CoV-2 Variants B.1.429 and B.1.351. N Engl J Med. 2021;384(24):2352-4. https://doi.org/10.1056/
  • NEJMc2103740 PMID: 33826819
  • 39. Virtanen J, Uusitalo R, Korhonen EM, Aaltonen K, Smura T, Kuivanen S, et al. Kinetics of Neutralizing Antibodies of COVID-19 Patients Tested Using Clinical D614G, B.1.1.7, and
  • B 1.351 Isolates in Microneutralization Assays. Viruses. 2021;13(6):996. https://doi.org/10.3390/v13060996 PMID:34073577
  • 40. Abu-Raddad LJ, Chemaitelly H, Butt AA, National Study Group for COVID-19 Vaccination. Effectiveness of the BNT162b2 Covid-19 Vaccine against the B.1.1.7and B.1.351 Variants. N Engl J Med. 2021;NEJMc2104974. https://doi.org/10.1056/ NEJMc2104974 PMID: 33951357
  • 41.Daily coronavirus news round-up Online every weekday at 6pm BST newscientist.com/coronavirus-latest
  • 42. www.thelancet.com Vol 397 June 26, 2021
  • 43. Rashmi P, Sunitha P S, Puruhit Saraswathi, Vidya M. Respiratory Hygiene in Covid harshini Jenifer, Bruce Joshua Sinclair, S. Shanmugasundaram.
  • 44. harshini Jenifer, Bruce Joshua Sinclair, S. Shanmugasundaram.
  • Dietary Flavonoids as competitive Inhibitors of covid 19 major protease. Res. J. Pharmacognosy and Phytochem. 2020; 12(4):261-266.
  • 19. Int. J. of Advances
  • 45.usmita Parija. A journey through the realms of the Great Indian Diaspora and India’s diaspora engagement policy. Research Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences. 2021; 12(2):71-5.
  • 46.Isha Shah, Nensi Raytthatha, Jigar Vyas, Umesh Upadhyay. A Systematic Review on COVID 19 Treatment and Management. Research Journal of Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms and Technology. 2021; 13(3):230-8.
  • 47. Anto Arockia Raj, J. Vinnarasi. Natural Potential Inhibitors for Covid 19 –
  • An Insilico Approach. Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology. 2021; 14(9):4913-9.
  • 48. https://www.mpnrc.org/delta-plus-variant-symptoms-cause-precaution-treatment/

Abstract Views: 69

PDF Views: 0




  • A Review on Variant of Concern (Delta Variant of COVID 19)

Abstract Views: 69  |  PDF Views: 0

Authors

K K. Jangam
Department of Pharmacognosy, Pravara Rural College of Pharmacy, Pravaranagar, Maharashtra, India, 413736., India
D N Vikhe
Department of Pharmacognosy, Pravara Rural College of Pharmacy, Pravaranagar, Maharashtra, India, 413736., India
R S Jadhav
Department of Pharmacognosy, Pravara Rural College of Pharmacy, Pravaranagar, Maharashtra, India, 413736., India
G S Shinde
Department of Pharmacognosy, Pravara Rural College of Pharmacy, Pravaranagar, Maharashtra, India, 413736., India

Abstract


The B.1.6179 Delta variant of the severe acute metabolic process syndrome corona virus (SARS –COV-2). The virus that causes corona virus unwellness 2019 (covid -19), has contributed to a surge in cases of Republic of India and has currently been detected across the world, as well as a notable increase in cases within the UK. Delta and (B.167.2.1/(Ay.1) could be a new variant of the SARS- CoV-2. corona virus came in existence because of a mutation within the delta strain of the virus (B.1.617.2 variant). It is technically successive generation of SARS-COV-2. This mutant of delta was initial detected in Europe march 2021.The delta virus that was initial detected in Republic of India (in February 2021) eventually became an enormous downside for the total world. However, the delta variant at the moment, is restricted to smaller areas within the country. Individual’s reportable symptoms like headaches, sore throats, fluid noses, and fever. The world health organization (WHO)is following this variant as a part of the delta variant as well as for different variants of concern with extra mutations. This review provides detail idea about delta virus its treatment, prevention and methods for reduction of sensitivity.

Keywords


Delta variant, Spike Proteins, antibody neutralization, Delta plus variant, Vaccines.

References