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Swati Chaurasia ¹, Archana Shukla ²

Affiliations
1 Research Scholar, IIM Lucknow
2 Professor & Dean (Noida Campus), IIM Lucknow

Abstract

This article seeks to review the literature on 'diversity and its effect on firm performance'. Based on the extant literature of diversity, we present a framework which analyzes the effect of diversity in attributes, values, skills and knowledge and cohort membership on firm performance through group processes and its consequences. The consequences of Group processes involve decision quality, decision commitment, strategic consensus and knowledge management. We measure firm performance by financial, customer, internal processes and growth perspective.

Keywords

Diversity in Attributes, Values, Skills, Knowledge And Cohort Membership, Decision Quality, Decision Commitment, Strategic Consensus And Knowledge Management, Firm Performance

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Aparna Bhattacharya ¹, Archana Shukla ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Psychology, University of Lucknow, Lucknow, UP, IN

Abstract

The purpose of the present paper is to highlight the threats in living and loving in the times of HIV/AIDS. HIV destroys the immune system and makes the body waste away. With reduced immune functioning come several opportunistic infections resulting in AIDS. HIV outside the human body is very fragile (easily destroyable); once inside, it is there for keeps. Nothing can then be done to remove the HIV virus. Once infected, the condition can only be managed with drugs. Since HIV is behaviorally acquired, its prevention is easy. To remain healthy and sero negative all one has to do is avoid indulging in high risk behaviors. Yet surveys indicate that HIV transmission rates have been increasing with some 33.4 million people currently living with HIV/AIDS worldwide. This paper reviews the changing social trends with respect to educational and economic development, permissiveness and independence, increased mobility, exposure to western egalitarian norms, inter caste/religion/regional marriages, varying sexual orientations and a preoccupation of youth with social networking sites. There are also an increasing number of live-in relationships, distant relationships, gay/lesbian relationships, one night stand, and relationships with multiple partners. Some of these changes could predispose one to indulge in high risk behaviors and thus become vulnerable to HIV and STIs besides falling prey to other social, emotional, and legal problems. Social change is inevitable. It is often desirable too. The need of the hour is to develop strategies for making informed choices and indulging in healthy responsible behaviors. The transmission of HIV and STIs can be prevented by awareness building, life skills training to adolescents and young adults, enabling parents to discuss gender, sex and sexuality issues with their young children in a non threatening environment. We must remember that with freedom, power and fun comes a great deal of responsibility. We need to adapt to the social change ny engaging in safer practices. Moral values, self respect, problem solving and negotiation skills and informed helthy choices should therefore be every ones concern in current lives and times. Changes is the way of life. Adjusting to the changing social scenario in a healthy and responsible way is the concern of the present paper.

Keywords

HIV/AIDS, Living, Loving, Youth, High Risk Behaviors, Social Change.

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Archana Shukla ¹, Neha Singh ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Psychology, Lucknow University, Lucknow, IN

Abstract

The aim of this present study was to cast a glance at Self Other Relatedness among alcoholics. Sample of 50 alcoholic male patients were selected through purposive sampling technique from Disha De addiction center and Navjyoti Kiran De addiction center in Lucknow city. Their age ranged from 35-45 years with the mean age of 40 years. Circle technique developed by Thrower, Bruce and Walton (1982) was administered on the subjects. Results revealed that there is denial of self in one's life space. Further, self is perceived inadequate and insignificant by alcoholics.

Keywords

Self other Relatedness, Alcohol and Alcoholics.

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Archana Shukla ¹, Pooja Pandey ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Psychology, Lucknow University, Lucknow, UP, IN

Abstract

Spousal chronic illness is a challenge for both partners. The ill partner suffers due to the disease. The well partner suffers as he/she takes on the additional burden of caring for the ill spouse. Thus although only one partner of the marital dyad is ill, both of the marital partners and their relationships as well as lives get affected. Spousal illness therefore necessitates reframing of the underlying cognitions, remodeling of personal relationships, and reorganizing of lives. Much of these have to be done by the well partners. The present study sampled 304 male and female caregivers belonging to the four age groups of 25-35 yrs, 36-45 yrs, 46-55 yrs and 56-65 yrs and explored the extent to which they used three specific cognitive reframing strategies adaptive outlook, mental renovations and relationship remodeling - in order to care for and cope with spouses who have been diagnosed with schizophrenia. Data were collected through face to face personal interviews with caregivers and analyzed using 2x4 ANOVAs to study the gender and age related differences in the use of cognitive reframing strategies. The analysis revealed a significant main effect of sex with respect to all three cognitive reframing strategies. As compared to female caregivers, male caregivers were found to make greater use of adaptive outlook, mental renovations and relationship remodeling in their daily living. The findings are discussed in the light of sex roles, gender role socialization and clinical researches. The worth of the study lies in showing how care giving experiences of females differ from that of males in terms of nature, structure, range, amount and quality and also how cognitive reframing interventions, particularly for women, could be of great benefit in the context of caring for their chronically ill spouse.

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Pooja Pandey ¹, Archana Shukla ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Psychology, Lucknow University, Lucknow, UP, IN

Abstract

This paper summarizes what we know and what we need to know in the context of HIV/AIDS. We know that the first HIV diagnosis was made in 1986 in India. Starting with this first case today almost close to 34 million people are living with HIV/AIDS worldwide. It is also a common knowledge that transmission of HIV takes place through the four modes of transmission i.e. unsafe sex, needle sharing, transfusion of infected blood or blood products and from infected pregnant mother to child. We also know that once inside the body HIV cannot be taken out, removed or cured. It can only be managed through medicines and a disciplined lifestyle. Even though we know that becoming HIV positive changes an infected person's life and also the lives of those related to this person. We somehow think that we (me and my people) are invincible and therefore HIV need not concern us. We conveniently assume that children would automatically acquire the needed knowledge as they grow up. What we need to know and remember therefore is that HIV is a behaviourally acquired infection; that in spite of the concerted efforts by the national and international agencies HIV/AIDS is still growing in India and worldwide; and that its prevention is really very simple provided one cares to change one's attitude and not indulge in high risk behaviors like unprotected sex, use of infected needle. Strategies for saving our young ones would therefore consist of providing accurate information to the children and teaching them life skills of problem solving also decision making, assertiveness and negotiation. Besides, we as a parent must develop effective parenting skills through life skills.

Keywords

HIV/AIDS, High Risk Behaviours, Presentation, Effective Parenting, Life skills

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Archana Shukla ¹, R. Srinivasan ¹, Swati Chaurasia ²

Affiliations
1 Indian Institute of Management, Lucknow, IN
2 Indian Institute of Management, Bangalore, IN

Abstract

The paper aims to establish a relationship between various work-related attitudes and turnover intention of employees in Indian context. The study adopted a survey based research design and analyzed a sample of 158 middle and senior management employees from four Indian firms. Intrinsic and extrinsic job satisfaction, job involvement and organizational commitment are negatively and significantly associated with turnover intention of employees. Age and gender have a negative and positive effect, respectively, on turnover intention of Indian employees. Work-related attitudes differ in different contexts and thus have varying effect on turnover intention.

Keywords

No Keywords

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Sabahat Abdullah ¹, Archana Shukla ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Psychology, University of Lucknow, Lucknow. U. P., IN

Abstract

The present study explored gender, age and diagnosis related differences in depression, anxiety and stress among a small sample (n=160) of people living with HIV/AIDS (PLHA) and a matched sample of undiagnosed respondents. The People Living with HIV/AIDS (PLHA) group was found to experience more depression, anxiety and stress than a demographically similar undiagnosed group. Women irrespective of diagnosis were more depressed and stressed than males. Anxiety was highest among males in the PLHA group. The study highlights the vulnerable position of PLHA in India, especially the HIV infected women who due to their secondary gender status and its associated consequences experience substantial level of general distress.

Keywords

HIV/AIDS, Depression, Anxiety, Stress, Women, PLHA

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Aparna Bhattacharya ¹, Archana Shukla ²

Affiliations
1 Department of Psychology, University of Lucknow, Lucknow, U.P., IN
2 Department of Psychology, University of Lucknow, Lucknow, U.P, IN

Abstract

Our internalized 'world' gets often reflected through our exteriors appearances, reactions, spoken words, postures, facial expressions, the way we walk and the colors that we wear, or else, avoid. Colors have a multitude of meanings and are an important aspect of our everyday experiences. The common observation of finding an elderly person dressed in white, brown and grey arouses a curiosity about the extent to which the processes of aging can render an elderly person as well as an elderly person's life achromatic or monochromatic. To understand the utility of colors in our healthy daily living achromatic or black and white photographs can be contrasted with photographs with life like colors, black dress of mourning with multihued flowery dresses, white hospital wards and dormitories with pastel colored rooms in our homes, achromatic times of the day dark cold nights or cloudy days- with warm, bright, sunny colorful days and a warm smiley face with another 'pale' face from which all colors seem to have drained. Nature is multihued. Nothing on earth is achromatic. Color characterizes a natural state of being. Colorlessness therefore brings to mind boredom, melancholy and lifelessness. This paper tries to explore the extent to which colors are or are not used in most elderly people's lives, personal choice or the societal expectations as the baste reason for a relative colorlessness, and the possible association of colorlessness with social isolation, hopelessness, reduced opportunities for useful productive work and also leisure activities, monotony in daily schedules, inability for humor and laughter and, most important of all, a substantial lowering of self esteem and life satisfaction. The paper also explores stereo typically negative ageist connotations of'color' in the context of elderly.

Keywords

Elderly, Color, Everyday Experience.

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Archana Shukla ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Psychology, University of Lucknow, Lucknow, UP, IN

Abstract

The present study attempts to cast a glance at the object relations of a 50 year old female leprosy patient (named M in the present study) from Jyoti Nagar Leprosy Rehabilitation Center, Mohanlalgang, Lucknow. In the present study, self object relationship has been operationally defined in terms of responses on Rorschach test, which has been analyzed in the perspective of Lerner (1991) Object Relations Theory. Results brought to fore a self image engulfed with helplessness, being consumed and eaten by the hostile world. M seems to reflect a schizoid character with sub features of depression and obsessive compulsive. Empty depression is evident. It seems to be cut and dry protocol.

Keywords

Leprosy, Object Relations, Obsessive Compulsive, Empty Depression.

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Shilpa Singh ¹, Archana Shukla ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Psychology, Lucknow University, Lucknow, U.P., IN

Abstract

The present research aims to study the level of optimism among institutionalized male and female elderly For the purpose, a study was conducted on a purposive sample consisting of 200 elderly (62-72 yrs.) staying in various institutionalized homes of Delhi. The Hindi version of the Life Orientation Test-Revised (or Optimism Scale) by Schrier and Carver (1985) was used for the present study. An overview of the results depicted that a major section of the elderly population under study had high level of optimism. Gender differences were observed as females were found to be more optimistic as compared to males.

Keywords

Optimism, Institutionalized, Gender.

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Archana Shukla ¹, Deepti Mehrotra ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Psychology, University of Lucknow, Lucknow, U.P., IN

Abstract

The present study endeavourers to cast a glance at the Quality of Life among Female Sex Workers in CREATE (Centre for Rural Entrepreneurship and Technical Education) at Lucknow, with the help of WHO QOL-BREF 1996 questionnaire. Sample comprised of 30 female sex workers selected on the basis of purpose sampling (age ranged 20-30 years). Results revealed poor quality of life of FSW further in terms of domains they were high on psychological and environmental domains of quality of life as compared to physical and social domains.

Keywords

Female Sex Worker, Prostitution, Quality of Life.

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Swati Chaurasia ¹, Archana Shukla ²

Affiliations
1 Indian Institute of Management, Ranchi, IN
2 Human Resource Management, Indian Institute of Management, Lucknow, IN

Abstract

This study explores the linkages among psychological capital, quality of employee-employer relationship through the lens of Leader-Member exchange theory and the process of employee engagement. Furthermore it explores the effect of employee engagement process on the performance of employees in various work roles. Adopting a survey based research design a sample of 298 Indian working managers at different levels in various sectors is analyzed. The findings provide insights in to how psychological capital, LMX influence employee engagement process and work role performance. It suggests that individual's high psychological capital and high quality relationship with their leaders is positively related to employee engagement and performance of individual in various work roles.

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Archana Shukla ¹, Shilpa Chauhan ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Psychology, Lucknow University, Lucknow, IN

Abstract

This research study is an attempt made to explore the level of quality of life among elderly males and females. The sample consisted of 20 elderly subjects (10 males, 10 females) from urban population in a family setting. The WHO Quality of Life Scale-Brief Version (WHO QOL BREF)(1996) was applied on the subjects to evaluate their quality of life on 4 domains (physical, psychological, social and environmental). T-testing of the scores indicates that there are gender differences in the quality of life of elderly on Physical and Social domains. No gender difference was found on the psychological and environmental domains. Females showed slightly better scores than males on all QOL domains (except the physical domain), though the difference between the two groups was not statistically significant. Overall, no significant gender difference was found in the quality of life among elderly.

Keywords

Quality of Life, Elders, Gender.

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Archana Shukla ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Psychology, Lucknow University, Lucknow, IN

Abstract

The present study endeavours to cast a glance at psychological coping patterns in leprosy patients from Jyoti Nagar Leprosy Rehabilitation Centre, Mohanlalganj, Lucknow. An expost-facto research with an exploratory orientation was conducted on 70 male leprosy patients. An effort was made to identify what coping patterns these patients apply. Results revealed prominent shades of negativity throughout. They have attributed leprosy as the cause of everything. Further an attempt is there to rationalize the dissatisfaction that is felt due to others reactions.

Keywords

Psychological Coping, Leprosy Patients.

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Archana Shukla ¹, Swati Pathak ²

Affiliations
1 Psychology Department, Lucknow University, Lucknow (U J), IN
2 Department of Psychology, University of Lucknow, Lucknow, IN

Abstract

The present study endeavors to assess the attitude of males and females towards homosexuality. This study was conducted on ten subjects (five males and five females) purposively selected from lucknow city. For this purpose “Homosexuality Attitude Scale” developed by Kite and Deaux (1986) was used. The results indicate that males hold a more negative attitude towards homosexuality than do females.

Keywords

Homosexuality, Gender.

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Rajesh Shrivastava ¹, Archana Shukla ¹, Neetesh Nema ¹

Affiliations
1 LCIT Engg. College, Bilaspur (C.G.), IN

Abstract

As per current scenario in Chhattisgarh state there are several environmental problems which creating environmental imbalance. Few of the prominent problems are continuous increase of temperature due setup of power plants, improper management of waste, sewerage problem, air pollution, improper management of residential colonies, water wastage, land misuse etc. These problems can be rectified up to certain extent with the use of remote sensing satellite from which data can be received and analyzed to find the proper solution of environmental problem to make environmental problem free state. Most of the problems cover large geographical areas that will generate various local problems also in which GIS provides a best tool to proper handle. Establishment of Power plants are the main reason of thermal imbalance in Chhattisgarh which can be monitored and controlled by GIS data's.

Keywords

Environmental Imbalance, Remote Sensing, GIS, Thermal Imbalance.

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Archana Shukla ¹, Pooja Tripathi ²

Affiliations
1 AIBAS , Amity University, Manesar, Haryana, IN
2 Pursuing MPH-Biostatistics Temple University, Philadelphia, USA, US

Abstract

Effects of two demographic variables sex and length of service are explored on satisfaction with 11 job aspects of HIV/AIDS counselors working at Integrated Counseling and Testing Centers in India. Data from 653 counselors are collected by Counseling Supervisors in face-to-face personal interviews and are analyzed using 2 x 4 ANOVAs. Results revealed that male counselors are more satisfied than female counselors with salary; fresh counselors within less than one year of counseling job are the most satisfied group with respect to five job aspects; counselors with 1-3 years of length of service are the least satisfied group; and that except for those with 4-6 years of HIV/AIDS counseling service behind them, male counselors in all the other three groups with varying length of service are more satisfied with the amount of recognition that they get in their jobs in comparison to the female counselors. The study also revealed that as a group, HIV/AIDS counselors are least satisfied with security, salary and work-to-pay ratio underscoring the need for revising the same while also putting in place some job enrichment strategies to motivate the high performing counselors and retain them at the ICTCs.

Keywords

Job Satisfaction, HIV/AIDS Counseling, ICTC Counselor.

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Archana Shukla ¹, Tabinda Zaidi ²

Affiliations
1 Department of Psychology, Lucknow University, Lucknow, IN
2 Department of Psychology, Lucknow University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, IN

Abstract

This study focuses on the impact of fasting on altruism and self-regulation among young Muslim females. Sample taken for the present study was 50 young Muslim females age from 18-24 years who keep regular fasts (Roza). The purpose of the present study was to find out the level of altruism and self-regulation among young adults who keep fasts and their relationship with each other. For this purpose, the helping attitude scale, by Nickel 1998 and the self-regulation questionnaire, by Brown and Miller 1999 were used. It was found that the level of altruism and self-regulation is high among young Muslim females who keep fasts and Altruism and Self-regulation are highly correlated.

Keywords

Fasting, Altruism, Self-Regulation, Females.

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Shilpa Singh ¹, Archana Shukla ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Psychology, Lucknow University, Lucknow, UP, IN

Abstract

The present research aims to study the level of optimism among institutionalized male and female elderly. For the purpose, a study was conducted on a purposive sample consisting of 200 elderly (62-72 yrs.) staying in various institutionalized homes of Delhi. The Hindi version of the Life Orientation Test-Revised (or Optimism Scale) by Schrier and Carver (1985) was used for the present study. An overview of the results depicted that a major section of the elderly population under study had high level of optimism. Gender differences were observed as females were found to be more optimistic as compared to males.

Keywords

Optimism, Institutionalized, Gender.

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Sabahat Abdullah ¹, Archana Shukla ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Psychology, University of Lucknow, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, IN

Abstract

Depression among people living with an HIV infection is a matter of extreme concern since depression in turn is associated with poor health outcomes and lower quality of life for them. The purpose of this study was to find out (1) the gender difference in symptoms of depression among people living with an HIV infection, and (2) to compare the symptoms of depression in this group to a demographically similar undiagnosed comparative group. Results indicated that seropositive women had the highest level of depression followed by seropositive men and the diagnosed group experienced more symptoms of depression than the undiagnosed group. The findings can be utilised to develop specialised, targeted intervention for people living with HIV infection.

Keywords

HIV, Depression, Gender.

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Archana Shukla ¹, Nitya Yadav ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Psychology, University of Lucknow, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, IN

Abstract

The current study cast a glance on the self perception of the female sex workers. 50 sex workers aged 20 to 45 were purposively selected from the NGO in Lucknow. To assess the self perception of the FSWs the semi projective technique WHO AM I? Arkoff (1989) was used. Results depicted that the self perception of FSWs was poor and negatively laden by others perception and feeling of helplessness was overriding.

Keywords

Female Sex Worker, Self Perception.

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Preeti Gupta ¹, Archana Shukla ², Surjit Prasad ³

Affiliations
1 Clinical Psychologist, Central Institute of Psychiatry, Ranchi, Jharkhand, IN
2 AIBAS and Dean, Amity University, Manesar, Havana, IN
3 RINPAS, Kanke, Ranchi, Jharkhand, IN

Abstract

Literature has reported geographical variances and a number of affective and cognitive factors that play a critical role m the experience and management of pam sensations and also m the development and maintenance of stress or stress-related disorders like headaches. Finding out the effective coping is a requisite in management. Present paper tends to Identify the differences m passive-active as well as affective-cognitive coping techniques employed in tension type headache (TTH) and m migraine in Indian context. For this 30 patients with TTH and 30 patients with migraine diagnosed by consultant, psychiatrists were purposively selected from private and outpatient clinics of UP, India. They were assessed on pam coping inventory and significant differences were found among various coping styles adopted by each group. Findings also suggest a need for an individual module for strengthening active coping with an addition of cognitive therapy techniques to behavioral therapy.

Keywords

Tension Type, Migraine, Active, Passive Coping, Pain Coping.

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Athullya Nair ¹, Archana Shukla ¹

Affiliations
1 AIBAS, Amity University, Manesar, Gurgaon, Haryana, IN

Abstract

The vital objective of the paper is to focus on reviewing diverse literature that has been propagandized, on the efficacy of various psychotherapies on the mental health of the survivors/victims of child sexual abuse. It also emphasises on the certitude of looking at the theoretical ischolar_mains of each therapy. The therapies that are predominantly probed into are EMDR, Transactional Analysis, Biofeedback, Psychoanalysis, CBT and REBT. Reviewing articles opens an opportunity to meticulously anatomize the developments till the most recent study and the gap that prevails with each of the therapy in reaching the desired result for betterment. The contributions of CBT and REBT in improving the symptoms of the mental health caused by an abuse during the formative years, are exemplary. Howbeit, the other therapies mentioned here, REBT and its techniques are being adhered on each mental health disorder and receives attention discreetly.

Keywords

Child Sexual Abuse, Trauma, EMDR, Biofeedback, Transactional Analysis, Psychoanalysis.

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Archana Shukla ¹, Deepti Mehrotra ²

Affiliations
1 Department of Psychology, University of Lucknow, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, IN
2 City Montessori School, Gomti Nagar Campus I, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, IN

Abstract

The present study endeavors to cast a glance on the relational world of 50 transgender (aged between 20-35 years) purposively selected from the city of Lucknow. To assess the relational world of transgender Draw a person test (Goodenough, 1926) is used. Results depicted that their perception of self is at jeopardy. As they seemed to be seriously threatened in many aspects like health problems, abused physically and mentally, social stigma and discrimination. Findings directly indicating withdrawal, and feeling of worthlessness self absorption, not interested in perceiving their environment, psychosexual immaturity, aggressive behavior, difficulties in the communication has emerged as dominating features in their responses.

Keywords

Relational World, Self and Transgender.

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Saurabh Srivastava ¹, Archana Shukla ²

Affiliations
1 Amity Institute of Behavioural and Allied Seienees Amity University, Lueknow Campus, Lueknow, Uttar Pradesh, IN
2 Department ofPsyehology University of Lueknow, Lueknow, Uttar Pardesh, IN

Abstract

The aim of the present study was to cast a glance on the perceived psychosocial issues among Higher Secondary students. 50 higher secondary students (25 boys & 25 girls) age ranged 15 years to 17 years were selected through purposive sampling trom government schools, Lucknow city. For access psychosocial issues students were asked to rate any five significant issues related to their life. Content analysis of the obtained data was done, and percentages were computed. Results revealed that higher secondary students face lots of psychosocial issues like lack of applied orientation in academics, relationship dilemmas related to family, peer group and dissatisfaction trom their physical appearance. Gender ditferences emerged as girls faced more academics andpsychological issues than boys.

Keywords

Applied Orientation, Relationship Dilemmas, Family Peer Group, Students.

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Ritwik Mishra ¹, Archana Shukla ²

Affiliations
1 Department of HR&OB, Indian Institute of Management Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226013, IN
2 Director of the same institute, IN

Abstract

The events in 2020 have steadfastly established resilience as an important attribute for employees. Leaders and their leadership styles played a significant role in supporting and guiding employees through these events. Through this study, we present a mechanism by which team leaders and team members can enhance the quality of their relationships and therefore build resiliency in team members. A longitudinal qualitative study was conducted with six team leaders and twenty-two of their direct reports to identify behavioral attributes that support building resiliency. The result ant grounded theory identified five behaviors or actions for both team leaders and team members that can help build resiliency in team members.

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