Informatics Publishing Limited

K. Karthikeyan ¹, M. Ganesh ²

Affiliations
1 Bharathiyar University, Coimbatore, IN
2 Dr. SNS Rajalakshmi College of Arts and Science, Coimbatore, IN

Abstract

Digital image watermarking technology has been developed rapidly during the recent few years and extensively applied to protect the copyright of digital image. The digital image watermarking scheme can be divided into two categories. They are visible digital image watermarking and invisible image watermarking techniques. The commonly used watermarking applications include copyright protection, authentication, embedded assn hidden information. Furthermore in the class invisible watermarks one may additionally categorize techniques as fragile and robust. Generally, a robust mark is designed to resist attacks that attempt to remove or destroy the mark. On the other hand a fragile mark is designed to detect slight changes to the watermarked image with high probability. A large number of techniques have been proposed and developed for digital watermarking. The traditional methods for digital image watermarking proposed early make use of Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT), Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT), and Least Significant Bit (LSB) and so on for hiding the copyright information into host image. The major concern is that digital watermarking should provide the qualities like imperceptibility, robustness, security of cover image. However, these techniques suffer from the problems of unsatisfactory value of imperceptibility and robustness to various attacks. They also have issue related to security. This proposed paper presents a survey on various neural networks based digital image watermarking schemes. In addition it also provides directions for future enhancement of digital image watermarking using neural networks. The combination of digital image watermarking and cryptography can protect images against attacks.

Keywords

Authentication, Copyright Protection, Cryptography, Image Watermarking, Neural Networks, Robust Watermark, Fragile Watermark.

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M. Ganesh ¹, U. P. Singh ¹, C. P. Srivastava ¹, S. B. Sarode ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University,VAaranasi (U.P.), IN

Abstract

Heterosis over better parent was estimated for seed yield and related traits in 16 crosses of pea. To ascertain the genetic causes responsible for the observed heterosis in pea, the estimates of genetic parameters realized from first degree (generation mean analysis) and second degree statistical (modified TTC) models have been used. Only one cross (HUP 9 X Pusa 10) was considered for generation mean analysis. In case of modified triple test cross analysis, 15 pure lines of pea were crossed to three testers viz., HUP 9 (L₁), Pusa 10 (L₂) and F₁ of HUP 9 x Pusa 10 (L₃) to produce 3n families. Significant average heterosis over better parent was evidenced for plant height, pods per plant and seed yield per plant. Heterosis for seeds per pod and seed weight was negative or low. The generation mean analysis revealed that the observed heterosis for seed yield per plant and pods per plant was mainly due to over dominance. Further, overdominance and higher magnitude of epistatic components [h] and [I] as was observed in modified triple test cross analysis, could be the possible cause of heterosis for seed yield per plant and pods per plant. For days to flowering, partial dominance could be responsible for the higher heterosis for earliness.

Keywords

Heterosis, Related Traits, Pea, Generation Mean Analysis, Triple Test Cross.

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Ismail ¹, R. Rajavel ¹, M. Ganesh ¹, M. Jagadeeswaran ¹, K. Srinivasan ¹, J. Valarmathi ¹, T. Sivakumar ¹

Affiliations
1 Nandha College of Pharmacy, Division of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Koorapalayam Pirivu, Erode-638052, Tamil Nadu, IN

Abstract

A simple, precise, accurate and rapid HPLC method has been developed, and validated for the determination of Aspirin, Atorvastatin and Pioglitazone simultaneously, in combined dosage form. Acetonitrile and phosphate buffer with pH 3.5 (40%:60% v/v) is used as the mobile phase, 261nm is the detection wavelength for this study. The applicability of the method for simultaneous determination of Aspirin, Atorvastatin and Pioglitazone was verified by the determination of these compounds in marketed tablets. Results of the analysis were validated statistically, and by recovery studies (98.29-101.12%). The recovery and RSD values within the limits given in ICH guide lines method developments indicates that the suitability of proposed methods for the routine determination of these compounds in tablets. The validation parameters: linearity (r>0.996), sensitivity (LOD (1.5-0.7×10^-4 mg ml^-1 and LOQ%x10^-4-1.05×10^-4), accuracy (recoveries:98.29-101.12%)and reproducibility were found to satisfactory. The proposed method can be successfully used to determine the drug contents of marketed formulation.

Keywords

RP-HPLC, Aspirin, Pioglitazone, Atorvastatin.

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J. Vanitha ¹, A. Saravana Kumar ², M. Ganesh ², V. S. Saravanan ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Analytical Chemistry, Erode College of Pharmacy, Erode-112, IN
2 Department of Pharmaceutical Bio-Technology, Nandha College of Pharmacy, Erode-52, IN

Abstract

Climbazole is a member of the azole class of anti-mycotic, is often incorporated in several pharmaceutical forms and in shampoo formulation it is known to be effective against fungal infection on the scalp. This paper describes a method to quantify climbazole in shampoo formulation by cylinder plat assay method and the HPLC method. The test organism used for the agar diffusion assay was candida albicans ATCC10231. Three different concentrations of climbazole were used for the diffusion assay. A mean zone diameter was obtained for each concentration. A standard curve was obtained by plotting the three values derived from the zone diameter. A prospective validation of the method showed that the method was linear (r=0.9766), precise (RSD=2.45%) and accurate. The results obtained by the cylinder plate method was statistically evaluated by analysis of variance (ANOVA) and the results obtained indicate that there is no significant different between these two methods.

Keywords

Climbazole Shampoo, Microbiological Assay, Cylinder-Plate, Candida albicans.

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K. Soundarapandiyan ¹, M. Ganesh ²

Affiliations
1 Professor, Sri Sairam Institute of Management Studies, Sri Sairam Engineering College, Chennai, IN
2 Professor and Director, Holy Angels School of Business, Siruvachur, Perambalur, IN

Abstract

Maximising return on investment requires thorough knowledge towards various investment assets and market terminology. Amongst various investment instruments capital market instruments are providing opportunity to give unimaginable return. To attain this benefit it makes mandatory to understand and implement the proven fundamental and technical analysis tools. This study illustrates the retracement and arc of the Fibonacci series of the technical analysis amongst the selected stocks in the NIFTY PSE index. The period of study was taken during the period of April 2016 to March 2017 which consists of various peaks and troughs during this period. The selected stocks are GAIL, NTPC, IOC, POWERGRID CORP and COAL INDIA. The final outcome of this study portrayed the support level and the target level of each selected stocks and also advised the investors stand on the given period of time.

Keywords

Fibonacci Series, NIFTY PSE, Arc, Retracement, Target Level, Support Level.

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