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Sharma, Suresh K.
- Evaluation of Aldrin-Induced Oxidative Stress and Apoptosis in J774 Macrophages
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1 Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Science, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana-141004, IN
1 Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Science, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana-141004, IN
Source
Toxicology International (Formerly Indian Journal of Toxicology), Vol 22, No 2 (2015), Pagination: 88-96Abstract
The present study was carried out to evaluate the aldrin-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis in murine macrophage (J774A.1) cells. Acute exposure of aldrin for 2 hrs was given to the J774A.1 cells cultured in DMEM with 10% FBS at 37oC and 5% CO2 in air with 95% relative humidity under in vitro system. Lethal concentration-50 (LC50) was calculated after exposure period as 7.24 μg/ml. Further, cells were exposed with three different concentration of aldrin (1.81, 3.65 and 7.24 μg/ml) and 0.1% DMSO was used as negative control. The antioxidant enzymes and non-enzymes were determined along with G6pDH, LDH and ALP enzymes in J774A.1 cells. Cells were monitored for cell morphology and apoptosis. Exposure of aldrin to J774A.1cells resulted in increase in lipid peroxidation and decrease in antioxidant enzyme/ nonenzymes system. Further it caused decrease in G6PDH enzymes activity and excess leakage of LDH and ALP enzymes. The aldrin-treated cells showed higher number of apoptotic cells with alteration in cell morphology indicating apoptotic and necrotic changes. These effects were noticed in dose dependant manner. In conclusion, the result of in vitro study suggests that the aldrin can induced the process of apoptosis and cell death through the generation of ROS and thereof oxidative insult in J774A.1 cells.Keywords
Aldrin, Apoptosis, Antioxidant Enzymes, J774A.1 Cells, Oxidative Stress.
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- Serum Levels and Half-Life of Carbaryl in Buffalo Calves after Subchronic Exposure:Implications for Withdrwal Times
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Authors
Affiliations
1 Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, IN
1 Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, IN
Source
Toxicology International (Formerly Indian Journal of Toxicology), Vol 24, No 2 (2017), Pagination: 185-189Abstract
Carbaryl is recommended for use on fodders crops in India, but absolutely no work has been done on its toxicokinetics aspect in any species consuming these forage crops, including buffalo species. Since the toxicokinetics serves as a basis for recommending safe withdrawal period of any substance, the aim of this study was to compute important parameters of carbaryl after its subchronic exposure at recommended dose in order to serve as a guideline with regards to observation of meat withdrawal times in buffaloes exposed to carbaryl. Carbaryl was given at the dose rate of 1 mg/kg daily for 105 consecutive days and blood samples of each animal were collected, followed for extraction of carbaryl in serum. Carbaryl produced a gradual accumulation in serum of buffalo calves after oral exposure. There was variation in serum carbaryl levels from 3.31 ± 0.28 to 3.46 ± 0.61 ppm through day 15 to day 105 of exposure, respectively. The area under the curve (AUC) was computed to be 363.0 ± 10.1μg.ml-1.day-1. Volume of distribution at steady state (Vdss) was found to be 0.162 ± 0.017 ml.kg-1. The overall elimination rate constant (Kel) and mean residential time (MRT) were calculated to be 0.017 ± 0.003 day-1 and 59.1 ± 7.8 days, respectively. Based on mean serum levels of carbaryl, the elimination half life (t1/2β) of carbaryl in buffalo calves was calculated to be 67.37 days. Carbaryl had a long half-life in in buffalo calves. This finding will serve as a guideline with regards to observation of meat withdrawal times in buffaloes exposed to carbaryl. This is very important since carbaryl is recommended for spraying over fodder crops to control pests. However further studies are needed to verify this by measuring actual tissue residue levels of carbaryl at regular time intervals after exposure.Keywords
Carbaryl, Buffalo, Half-Life, Serum, Chromatography.References
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