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Battery manufacturing workers are occupationally exposed to lead (Pb), which is a highly toxic heavy metal. The aim of this study was to investigate the blood lead levels (BLL) of 30 battery manufacturing workers and find the correlation between BLL, micronucleated cell (MNC) frequency, binucleated cell (BNC) frequency in buccal mucosal cells and malondialdehyde concentrations in serum. 30 subjects of the BMW group, exposed to lead, and 30 control subjects, matched with the exposed subjects with respect to age, socio‑economic status, sex, diet, smoking and drinking habits, were monitored for this study. BLL was found to have highly significant difference between both the groups (P < 0.001). The serum MDA levels were observed at significantly higher levels (6.76 ± 3.26) for the exposed group as compared to the control group (2.10 ± 1.02; P < 0.001). Buccal micronucleus test showed that both MNC and BNC frequencies were higher among the workers, in comparison to the control subjects. A positive correlation has been found between BLL and all the parameters. Our results indicate an increased health associated risk for workers occupationally exposed to lead.

Keywords

Battery manufacturing workers, blood lead levels, buccal micronucleus test, genotoxicity, lead, lipid peroxidation, malondialdehyde

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From Genotoxicity Induction to Recovery in Different Organs in Fish Channa punctatus after Sub Chronic Exposure to 4- Nonylphenol

Abstract Views :217 | PDF Views:0

Authors

Madhu Sharma ¹, Pooja Chadha ²

Affiliations
1 Department of Fisheries, DGCN COVAS, CSKHPKV, Palampur – 176062, Himachal Pradesh, IN
2 Department of Zoology, GNDU, Amritsar – 143005, Punjab, IN

Source

Toxicology International (Formerly Indian Journal of Toxicology), Vol 27, No 1&2 (2020), Pagination: 34-43

Abstract

The present study has been undertaken to study the damage and recovery capabilities of different organs (liver, kidney and gill) of fish, Channa punctatus after sub chronic exposure to three sublethal concentrations of 4-nonylphenol and 30 days recovery period. To see genotoxic effect and appraise the recovery capabilities Micronucelated Cell (MNC), Binucleated Cells (BNC) and Aberrant Cell (AC) frequency by micronucleus assay and tail moment was evaluated by using the comet assay. The exposure was given for 90 days and the effect was seen after 30, 60 and 90 days of exposure. Three sublethal concentrations were decided after calculating the safe application rate. Exposure results in increased frequency of MNC, BNC and AC in all the tissues. Gill tissue was found to be more sensitive to 4-nonylphenol exposure. The effects show that 4-NP can cause water quality deterioration, resulting in deleterious effect on the health of fish. After 90 days exposure, 30 days recovery was also observed and significant reduction in the values of both the parameters was observed showing a great capacity of C. punctatus to restore its DNA integrity.

Keywords

Comet Assay, Genotoxicity, Micronucleus Assay, 4-Nonylphenol.

Full Text

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Effect of 2 Naphthalene Sulfonate on Biochemical Stress Markers as well as Structural Integrity of DNA in Liver and Kidney Tissue of Channa punctatus after Acute Exposure

Abstract Views :333 | PDF Views:0

Authors

Sukanya Mehra ¹, Pooja Chadha ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Zoology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar – 143005, IN

Source

Toxicology International (Formerly Indian Journal of Toxicology), Vol 28, No 3 (2021), Pagination: 213-222

Abstract

2Naphthalene Sulfonate (2NS) is an intermediate compound used in textile industries but being nonbiodegradable, the solicitude regarding its ecotoxicity has risen. Thus, an inquisition was undertaken with the objective of evaluating the oxidative stress and genotoxicity of 2NS in fresh water fish, Channa punctatus. Based upon calculated LC50 value, two sublethal doses were selected i.e. 2.38g/L and 4.77g/L for further investigation. In order to study acute effect of 2NS, liver and kidney samples were collected after 24h, 48h, 72h and 96h of exposure. Symbolic elevation in oxidative stress biomarkers and DNA damage was observed revealing the toxic impact of 2NS. The study would be helpful in assessing the risk impose by 2NS and calls for urgency in application of stringent policies against the indiscriminate use of such toxic compounds.

Keywords

2 Napthalene Sulfonate, Acute Toxicity, Genotoxicity, Channa punctatus, Oxidative Stress.

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Mitigation Of Toxic Effects Of 2 Naphthalene Sulfonate After Its Treatment With Microbial Consortia

Abstract Views :121 | PDF Views:0

Authors

Sukanya Mehra ¹, Prince Dhammi ², Pooja Chadha ¹, Harvinder Singh Saini ²

Affiliations
1 Cytogenetics Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar – 143005, Punjab, IN
2 Department of Microbiology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar – 143005, Punjab, IN

Source

Toxicology International (Formerly Indian Journal of Toxicology), Vol 29, No 2 (2022), Pagination: 147-157

Abstract

Present study aimed to treat 2 Napthalene Sulfonate (2NS), a dye intermediate with microbial consortia and assess its potential toxicological impact before and after treatment on the integrity of Deoxyribo-Nucleic Acid (DNA) in blood cells of Channa punctatus. Symbolic elevation in DNA damage with untreated 2NS administered fishes was observed as revealed by comet assay and micronucleus test. However, 2NS after being degraded using mixed bacterial population showed significant reduction in toxicological effects of 2NS. Thus, this study not only illustrated the adverse impact of such toxic contaminant of industrial waste but also suggested a highly efficient and eco-friendly way to remove the harmful xenobiotics from the environment which may help to reduce the exposure of aquatic fauna and flora to such lethal toxicants.

Keywords

2 Napthalene Sulfonate (2NS), Biodegradation, Genotoxicity.

Full Text

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Adverse Impact of Textile Dyes on the Aquatic Environment as well as on Human Beings

Abstract Views :110 | PDF Views:0

Authors

Pooja Chadha ¹, Sukanya Mehra ¹, Mandeep Singh ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Zoology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar – 143005, Punjab, IN

Source

Toxicology International (Formerly Indian Journal of Toxicology), Vol 28, No 2 (2021), Pagination: 165-176

Abstract

Dyeing stages involved in textile processing are considered to be one of the major contributors to aquatic pollution. Dyes being highly persistent due to the chemical composition are considered to be one of the most detrimental groups. Textile dyes essentially affect the exquisite aspect of aquatic bodies by enhancing biochemical as well as chemical oxygen demand. It also attenuates photosynthesis, hinders the growth of plants and invades the food chain. The bioaccumulating potential promotes toxicity, carcinogenicity and mutagenicity. Therefore, the present review article aims to focus on the predominant effects of textile dye on in the aquatic environment particularly on algae, fish and ultimately on human being.

Keywords

Accumulation, Carcinogenesis, Textile Dyes, Toxicity

Full Text

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A Review on the Occurrence, Exposure, And Health Impacts of Bisphenol a

Abstract Views :86 | PDF Views:0

Authors

Prince Sharma ¹, Khushboo Sharma ¹, Geetika Sharma ¹, Pooja Chadha ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Zoology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar – 143005, Punjab, IN

Source

Toxicology International (Formerly Indian Journal of Toxicology), Vol 28, No 4 (2021), Pagination: 337-356

Abstract

Bisphenol A (BPA) is one of the emerging contaminants associated with deleterious health effects on both public and wildlife and is extensively incorporated into different industrial products. BPA is ubiquitously and frequently detected in the environment and has become a serious health issue due to its presence in food organisms and drinking water. The distribution of BPA has recently become an important issue worldwide, but investigations on the toxicity of BPA remain limited. A review of the literature reveals that BPA has a widespread presence in environmental media, such as indoor dust, surface water, sediments, and sewage sludge. In the present review, an overview of the research studies dealing with the occurrence, fate, exposure, and toxicity of BPA is discussed. Recent studies have raised worry over the potentially harmful implications of BPA exposure in humans and wildlife. However, further investigation on the potential risks of BPA to humans and its mechanisms of toxicity should be conducted to better understand and control the risks of such novel chemicals.

Keywords

Bisphenol A, Contaminants, Industrial products, Toxicity, Sewage Sludge

Full Text

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Environmental Fate, Exposure and Toxicity of New Emerging Pollutant: Tetrabromobisphenol A.

Abstract Views :127 | PDF Views:0

Authors

Prince Sharma ¹, Khushboo Sharma ¹, Mandeep Singh ¹, Pooja Chadha ²

Affiliations
1 Cytogenetics Lab, Department of Zoology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab – 143005,, IN
2 Department of Zoology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab – 143005,, IN

Source

Toxicology International (Formerly Indian Journal of Toxicology), Vol 29, No 1 (2022), Pagination: 47-63

Abstract

Brominated Flame Retardants (BFRs) are being utilized to reduce the flammability of plastics, textiles, and electronics. They differ in their chemical properties and structures, and it is conventional that these distinctions alter their biological interactions as well as toxicity. Tetra-Bromo-Bis-Phenol A (TBBPA) is a pervasive environmental contaminant that is seen in both abiotic and biotic matrices. This review discusses the occurrence, distribution, and fate of TBBPA from source to the environment. Recent studies have raised worry over the potentially harmful implications of TBBPA exposure in humans and wildlife, prompting its characterization under group 2A “Probably carcinogenic to humans” by the International Agency for Research on Cancer. Worldwide there are no present confinements on its production and usage. On the other hand, very little information is accessible with respect to its toxicity to humans and aquatic animals. More research is required to characterize human exposure to TBBPA in and around production facilities, as well as in e-waste recycling regions. So as to safeguard the environment and human health, detailed investigations are urgently needed, especially on tracking the exposure pathways which may affect the workers and local residents around the exposure sites.

Keywords

Brominated Flame Retardants (BFRs), E-Waste, Tetra- Bromo-Bis-Phenol A (TBBPA), Toxicity.

Full Text

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