Toxicology International (Formerly Indian Journal of Toxicology)

Mohammad Shokrzadeh ¹, Ehsan Zamani ¹, Mona Mehrzad ¹, Yazdan Norian ¹, Fatemeh Shaki ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Mazandaran, IR

Abstract

Context: Methamphetamine (METH) is widely abused in worldwide. METH use could damage the dopaminergic system and induce neurotoxicity via oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction. Propofol, a sedative-hypnotic agent, is known for its antioxidant properties. In this study, we used propofol for attenuating of METH-induced neurotoxicity in rats. Subjects and Methods: We used Wistar rats that the groups (six rats each group) were as follows: Control, METH (5 mg/kg IP), and propofol (5, 10 and 20 mg/kg, IP) was administered 30 min before METH. After 24 h, animals were killed, brain tissue was separated and the mitochondrial fraction was isolated, and oxidative stress markers were measured. Results: Our results showed that METH significantly increased oxidative stress markers such as lipid peroxidation, reactive oxygen species formation and glutathione oxidation in the brain, and isolated mitochondria. Propofol significantly inhibited METH-induced oxidative stress in the brain and isolated mitochondria. Mitochondrial function decreased dramatically after METH administration that propofol pretreatment significantly improved mitochondrial function. Mitochondrial swelling and catalase activity also increased after METH exposure but was significantly decreased with propofol pretreatment. Conclusions: These results suggest that propofol prevented METH-induced oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction and subsequently METH-induced neurotoxicity. Therefore, the effectiveness of this antioxidant should be evaluated for the treatment of METH toxicity and neurodegenerative disease.

Keywords

Methamphetamine, Mitochondria, Neurotoxicity, Oxidative Stress, Propofol.

Full Text

     

Mohammad Shokrzadeh ¹, Reza Hoseinpoor ², Amir Hajimohammadi ³, Mahdi Rezaei ⁴, Azam Delaram ⁵, Mona Pahlavani ⁶, Motahare Esmaily ⁷, Gholamali Lashkarboloki ⁸, Yaghoub Shayeste ⁹

Affiliations
1 Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, IR
2 Dept. of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Hamadan University of Medical Science, Hamadan, IR
3 Department of Surgery, Golestan University of Medical Science, Gorgan, IR
4 Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, IR
5 Azar Hospital, Golestan University of Medical Science, Gorgan, IR
6 Islamic Azad University, Shahrood Branch, Shahrood, IR
7 Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, IR
8 Islamic Azad University, Sari Branch, Sari, IR
9 Health Management and Social Development Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, IR

Abstract

Acute poisoning is a serious global problem. The aim of this study was to identify the trends and characteristics of acute poisoning in Gorgan, North of Iran. The study was carried out retrospectively on acute adult poisoning cases who were hospitalized in 5^th Azar Hospital of Gorgan, from March 2008 to March 2015. Data were obtained from patient records in a preset checklist. Stata software (version 11) was used for data analysis. Of 800 patients, 55.88% were men and 44% were aged 20-29 years. The majority of patients (75.38%) lived in urban areas. Poisoning occurred mostly in summer and the peak was observed in Aug. Most of the poisoning agents were pharmaceuticals (71.62%). Among the pharmaceutical agents, benzodiazepines were involved most often. Overall, 38 patients (4.75%) died. The highest number of deaths was due to aluminum phosphide poisoning (42.10%). Intentional poisoning were identified as the main kind of poisoning, In addition, family quarrel was the main cause of intentional poisoning (31.60%).There were significant differences between poisoning and demographics characteristics including gender (P=0.001), age group (P<0.001), marital status (P<0.001), employment status (P<0.001) and educational status (P<0.001). Intentional poisoning by pharmaceutical agents were identified as the main cause of poisoning. Finally, people with these characteristics should be targeted prevention and educational programs against intentional poisoning.

Keywords

Intention, Suicide, Poisoning, Adult, Iran.

Full Text