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Pesticide imidacloprid is extensively used in agriculture field to kill variety of insect pests, from where it enters into surrounding aquatic ecosystem and results into toxicity related outcomes on non-target species. The present study was planned to evaluate the sublethal toxic effects of pesticide imidacloprid on behavior and locomotory activity of fingerlings of Cyprinus carpio. Initially, the LC50 (48 hrs) was calculated for fertilized eggs of C. carpio by probit analysis and was reported as 78 ppm. Further, the fingerlings of C. carpio were exposed to three different sublethal concentrations i.e. 7.8 ppm, 15.6 ppm and 23.4 ppm of imidacloprid along with control for 21 days and behavior of fish was supervised at regular intervals on days 2, 4, 7, 15 and 21. The control fish behaved normally but treated fishes demonstrated abnormal behavior like hyper excites, restless, loss of equilibrium, hyper activity, erratic swimming with jerky movements, excess mucus secretion, reduced skin pigmentation and loss of response to touch. Significant disruptions were also recorded in operculum beat frequency, surfacing movement and tail beat frequencies. All these outcomes are due to neurotoxic nature of imidacloprid as it blocks the receptor for neurotransmitter acetylcholine.

Keywords

Behavior, Cyprinus carpio, Imidacloprid, Toxicity.

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The Toxicity of Imidacloprid on Early Embryonic Stages And Growth Rate of Hatchlings of Common Carp, Cyprinus Carpio

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Authors

Jitender Kumar Bhardwaj ¹, Harkrishan Kamboj ¹, Anil K. Tyor ¹

Affiliations
1 Reproductive Physiology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra – 136119, Haryana,, IN

Source

Toxicology International (Formerly Indian Journal of Toxicology), Vol 29, No 1 (2022), Pagination: 105-115

Abstract

In the present investigation, the toxicity of imidacloprid was tested on the embryos (fertilized eggs) and hatchlings of Cyprinus carpio in terms of mortality (%), hatching success (%) and abnormal/malformed hatchling along with their growth performance in toxicant medium. Reported data from acute toxicity tests of imidacloprid was statistically analyzed by Probit Analysis Method and 48 h (hour) LC50 was reported as 78 ppm for embryos of C. carpio. Three sublethal doses of imidacloprid i.e., 7.8 ppm (T1), 15.6 ppm (T2) and 23.4 ppm (T2), were selected for further experimentation along with control. The findings revealed that mortality of exposed eggs (%) was significantly (p<0.05) increased in dose dependent manner as a result hatching rate (%) was decreased as compared to control. Similarly, per cent of abnormal hatchling was also increased significantly (p<0.05) with increase in pesticide concentration. Various types of abnormalities has been reported in different body regions such as whole length curved body, stunted growth, hatchling with single eye, malformed head, flexure in the tail and deformed yolk sac etc. Growth rate was observed as length gain in centimeter (cm), weight gain in grams (g) and growth per cent gain in body weight of hatchling, which was also found to be declined significantly (p<0.05) with increase in pesticide concentration. The findings of the present investigation suggest that imidacloprid has significant effect on the early developmental stages, induces malformations and also decline the growth rate of hatchlings.

Keywords

Cyprinus carpio, Growth Performance, Imidacloprid, Malformations.

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