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Kumar, Amit
- Sub-Acute Inhalation Toxicity Study of Submicronic Alpha-Ketoglutarate Respiratory Formulation
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Authors
Affiliations
1 Department of Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences, Defence R&D Organization, Delhi, IN
2 Department of Medical Elementology and Toxicology, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, IN
1 Department of Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences, Defence R&D Organization, Delhi, IN
2 Department of Medical Elementology and Toxicology, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, IN
Source
Toxicology International (Formerly Indian Journal of Toxicology), Vol 23, No 2 (2016), Pagination: 127-133Abstract
Alpha Ketoglutaric Acid (AKG), one of two ketone derivatives of glutaric acid is an important biological compound that serves as a natural scavenger of ammonium ion, facilitating its conversion to amino acids and protein. AKG inhalation has potential therapeutic role against ammonia-induced structural and inflammatory changes in the lungs. In the present study sub-acute inhalation toxicity of a novel submicronic AKG respiratory formulation was evaluated in Sprague Dawley rats. Sub-acute inhalation toxicity study of novel AKG respiratory formulation at doses, 1, 3 and 5% was conducted as per Schedule-'Y' guidelines of ICMR, India. Hematological, serum biochemical and lung toxicity biomarkers in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid were determined. Histopathological analysis of lung tissues and other vital organs was carried out to observe any microscopic changes. Hematology, serum biochemistry and lung toxicity biomarkers in BAL fluid revealed no adverse effects of AKG inhalation except for a slight increase in levels of BAL fluid protein. At autopsy, no histopathological changes in major vital organs, including the lungs were observed. The safety evaluation data suggest that aerosols of submicronic AKG respiratory formulation are safe for inhalation and could be developed as a potential therapeutic option against lung injuries induced through chemical toxicants such as ammonia.Keywords
Industrial Chemicals, Alpha-Ketoglutaric Acid, Sub-Micronic Aerosols, Inhalation Toxicity, BAL Fluid Analysis.
References
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- Current Scenario of Pesticide Residues in Bovine Milk in Punjab and Human Health Risk Assessment
Abstract Views :319 |
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Authors
Amit Kumar
1,
Jasbir Singh Bedi
1,
Jatinder Paul Singh Gill
1,
Rabinder Singh Aulakh
1,
Mandeep Kaur
1,
Anureet Brarb
2
Affiliations
1 School of Public Health and Zoonoses, GADVASU, Ludhiana, IN
2 Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Punjab Agriculture University, Ludhiana, IN
1 School of Public Health and Zoonoses, GADVASU, Ludhiana, IN
2 Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Punjab Agriculture University, Ludhiana, IN
Source
Toxicology International (Formerly Indian Journal of Toxicology), Vol 24, No 3 (2017), Pagination: 281-287Abstract
Milk contamination is of extreme concern consideringit’s an important component of everybody’s diet. In present study 706 milk samples collected from different districts of Punjab were screened for the presence of organophosphate, synthetic pyrethroids and organochlorine pesticides. Pesticide residues were assessed using Gas chromatography with flame thermionic detector and electron capture detector then confirmed by Gas chromatography-Mass Spectrometry. The quantitative estimation of pesticide residues in milk samples revealed the presence of chlorpyrifos, HCH (γ-HCH), DDT, endosulfan and cypermethirn with mean levels of 1.46 ng g-1, 0.43 ng g-1, 0.40 ng g-1, 0.39 ng g-1 and 1.23 ng g-1, respectively. Chlorpyrifos was found to be the major contributor with 29.9% contribution, and 3 samples exceeding the maximum residue limit (MRL) followed by HCH with 21.2% contribution and 7 samples exceeded its MRL and cypermethrin 18.1 % contribution and only 2 samples with concentration above MRL. The spatial distribution of residues in Punjab reflected the higher levels in south-west region known as the cotton belt. Risk assessment through consumption of milk in Punjab was evaluated and observed that hazard index for DDT and HCH were within the prescribed ranges.Keywords
Bovine Milk, Pesticide Residue, Gas Chromatography, Risk Assessment, Punjab.References
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- Bedi JS, Gill JPS, Aulakh RS, Kaur P. Pesticide Residues in Bovine Milk in Punjab, India: Spatial Variation and Risk Assessment to Human Health. Arch Environ Contam Toxicol. 2015; 69: 230-240.
- Pandit GG, Sharma S, Srivastava PK, Sahu SK. Persistent organochlorine pesticide residues in milk and dairy products in India. Food Add Contam. 2002; 19:153-157.
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