Toxicology International (Formerly Indian Journal of Toxicology)

Open Access Open Access  Restricted Access Subscription Access
Open Access Open Access Open Access  Restricted Access Restricted Access Subscription Access

Protective Effect of Lycopene on Aspartame Induced Oxidative Stress and Histopathological Changes in Liver of Male Rats


Affiliations
1 Biology Department, Taif University, Taif 888, Saudi Arabia
     

   Subscribe/Renew Journal


Aspartame (ASP) is used with the people that suffering from obesity and diabetes mellitus. The study aimed to evaluate the biochemical responses as well as histopathological changes of ASP alone or with Lycopene (LY) in liver of rats. Rats were divided into six groups according to the treatment into control low dose of ASP (LD; 75 mg/Kg), high dose of ASP (HD; 150 mg/Kg), Lycopene (LY; 20 mg/Kg), ASP-LD plus LY and ASP-HD plus LY. All the Animals were treated orally for 30 successive days. ASP increased alkaline phosphatase (ALP), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and γ-glutamyl transpeptidase (γ-GT) activities and changed the levels of lipid profile as well as creatinine and uric acid levels. It marked decreased antioxidant enzyme activity of SOD and increased the levels of lipid peroxidation (MDA), C-reactive protein and interleukins. LY prevented the ASP-induced liver injury as indicated by improving all the parameters previously illustrated. LY prevented the ASP-induced liver and kidney injury as indicated by improving all the parameters previously illustrated. Histopathological results confirm the biochemical finding and the ameliorating effect of LY on liver toxicities. In conclusion, co-treatment of LY possessed different protective mechanisms against ASP-induced liver toxicity. So, the intake of ASP should be restricted and taken with LY when it is used in food or beverages to decrease its toxicity.

Keywords

Antioxidant, Aspartame, Hepatic, Histological, Lycopene, Oxidative.
User
Subscription Login to verify subscription
Notifications
Font Size

  • Abdallah I.Z.A. (2000) Physiological Changes Induced by Long Term Administration of Saccharin Compared with Aspartame to Male Albino Rats. The Egyptian Journal of Hospital Medicine .8,70-81.

  • Amin K.A., Al-Muzafar H.M., Abd Elsttar A.H. (2016) effect of sweetener and flavoring agent on oxidative indices, liver and kidney function levels in rats. Indian Journal of experimental biology. 54,56-63.

  • Basseri S and R.C. (2012) Austin Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress and Lipid Metabolism. Mechanisms and Therapeutic Potential Biochemistry Research International. Article ID 841362, 13 pages.

  • Bowers L.D., Wong, E.T. (1980) Kinetic serum creatinine assays. II. A critical valuation and review. Clin Chem.26(5),555-61.

  • Bradford M.M.(1976)A Rapid and Sensitive Method for the Quantitation of Microgram Quantities of Protein Utilizing the Principle of Protein-Dye Binding. Analytical Biochemistry 72, 248-254.

  • Burtes C.A., Ashwood E.R (1986) Philadelphia: WB Sunders Co; Textbook of clinical chemistry; p. 56.

  • Carr T., Andressen C.J., Rudel L.L. (1993) Enzymatic determination of triglyceride, free cholesterol and total cholesterol in tissue lipid extracts. Clin Chem. 26,39–42.

  • Choudhary A.K., Devi R.S. (2014) Serum biochemical responses under oxidative stress of aspartame in Wistar albino rats. Asian Pac. J. Trop. Dis. 4,403-410.

  • El Haliem N.G.A., Mohamed, D.S. (2011) The effect of aspartame on the histological structure of the liver and renal cortex of adult male albino rat and the possible protective effect of Pimpinella anisum oil. The Egyptian J. Histol. 34(4),715–726.

  • Engelmann N.J., Clinton S.K., Erdman J.W. (2011) Nutritional aspects of phytoene and phytofluene, carotenoid precursors to lycopene. Adv Nutr . 2,51-61 .

  • Fossati P., Prencipe L., Berti G. (1980) Use of 3,5-dichloro2-hydroxybenzensulfonic acid/ 4-aminophenazone chromogenic system in direct enzymic assay of uric acid in serum and urine. Clin Chem . 26, 227-231.

  • Godos J., Federico A., Dallio M., Scazzina F.(2016) Mediterranean diet and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: molecular mechanisms of protection. Int J Food Sci Nutr; Epub ahead of print: 1-10.

  • Gulec M., Gurel A., Armutcu F. (2006) Vitamin E protects against oxidative damage caused by a formaldehyde in the liver and plasma of rats. Mol. Cell Biochem. 290(1-2), 61-67.

  • Hamza R.Z., Ismail H.A. , El-Shenawy N.S. (2017) Oxidative stress, histopathological and electron microscopic alterations induced by dimethylnitrosamine in renal male mice and and the protective effect of α-lipoic acid. Journal of Basic and Clinical Physiology and Pharmacology. 28(2),149–158.

  • Iyyaswamy A., Rathinasamy S. (2012) Effect of chronic exposure to aspartame on oxidative stress in the brain of albino rats. J Biosci. 37,679–88.

  • Jang W, Jeoung N.H., Cho K.H. (2011) Modified apolipoprotein (apo) A-I by artificial sweetener causes severe premature cellular senescence and atherosclerosis with impairment of functional and structural properties of apoA-I in lipid-free and lipid-bound state. Mol. Cells. 31, 461-470.

  • Jiang W., Guo M., Hai X.(2016) Hepatoprotective and antioxidant effects of lycopene on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in rat. World J Gastroenterol ;14: 22(46): 10180-10188.

  • King J. (1965) The transferases alanine and aspartate transaminases. In: Practical clinical enzymology. London: Van Nostrand Company Limited. p.121-138.

  • Litwack G., Bothwell J.W., Williams J.N., Elvehjem C.A. (1953) A colorimetric assay for xanthine oxide in rat liver homogenates. J. Biol. Chem.200, 303–310.

  • Marklund S., Marklund G. (1974) Involvement of the superoxide anion radical in the autoxidation of pyrogallol and a convenient assay for superoxide dismutase. Europ. J. Biochem. 47, 469–474.

  • Mortensen A, Skibsted LH.(1997). Relative stability of carotenoid radical cations and homologue tocopheroxyl radicals. A real time kinetic study of antioxidant hierarchy. FEBS Lett; 417: 261-266.

  • Mourad I.M. (2011) Effect of aspartame on some oxidative stress parameters in liver and kidney of rats. African J. Pharm. Pharmacol. 5(6), 678-682.

  • Ohkawa H., Ohishi N., Yagi K. (1970) Assay for lipid peroxides in animal tissues by thiobarbituric acid reaction. Anal Biochem.95, 351-8.

  • Orlowski M., Meister A. (1965) Isolation of gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase from hog kidney. J Biol Chem. 240, 338-347.

  • Patton C., Crouch S. (1977) Determination of serum urea. Anal Chem . 49,464-469.

  • Prokic M.D., Paunovic M.G., Matic M.M., Djordjevic N.Z., Ognjanovic B.I., Stajn A.S., Saicic Z.S. (2015) Effect of Aspartame on biochemical and oxidative stress parameters in rat blood.. Arch. Biol. Sci.Belgrade. 67(2), 535-545.

  • Rao AV, Fleshner N, Agarwal S.(1999) Serum and tissue lycopene and biomarkers of oxidation in prostate cancer patients: a case-control study. Nutr Cancer; 33: 159-164.

  • Reitman S., Frankel S.A. (1957) colorimetric method for the determination of serum glutamic oxalacetic and glutamic pyruvic transaminases. Amer J Clin Pathol .28,56-63.

  • Suzuki K., Ota H., Sasagawa S., Sakatani T., Fujikura T. (1983) Assay method for myeloperoxidase in human polymorphonuclear leukocytes. Anal Biochem.132, 345–352.

  • Warnick G.R., Benderson J., Albers J.J (1983) Selected methods of clinical chemistry. Amer Assoc Clin Chem.10:91–9.

  • Wener M.H., Daum P.R., McQuillin G.M. (2000) The influence of age, sex, and race on the upper reference limit of serum C-reactive protein concentration. J Rheumatol .27(10),2351-2359.

  • Young D.C., Koon H.R., Hyung K.C. (1999). In vitro and in vivo experimental effect of Korean red ginseng on erection. The Journal of Urology.162,1508-1511.


Abstract Views: 374

PDF Views: 0




  • Protective Effect of Lycopene on Aspartame Induced Oxidative Stress and Histopathological Changes in Liver of Male Rats

Abstract Views: 374  |  PDF Views: 0

Authors

Mohammad S. Al-Harbi
Biology Department, Taif University, Taif 888, Saudi Arabia

Abstract


Aspartame (ASP) is used with the people that suffering from obesity and diabetes mellitus. The study aimed to evaluate the biochemical responses as well as histopathological changes of ASP alone or with Lycopene (LY) in liver of rats. Rats were divided into six groups according to the treatment into control low dose of ASP (LD; 75 mg/Kg), high dose of ASP (HD; 150 mg/Kg), Lycopene (LY; 20 mg/Kg), ASP-LD plus LY and ASP-HD plus LY. All the Animals were treated orally for 30 successive days. ASP increased alkaline phosphatase (ALP), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and γ-glutamyl transpeptidase (γ-GT) activities and changed the levels of lipid profile as well as creatinine and uric acid levels. It marked decreased antioxidant enzyme activity of SOD and increased the levels of lipid peroxidation (MDA), C-reactive protein and interleukins. LY prevented the ASP-induced liver injury as indicated by improving all the parameters previously illustrated. LY prevented the ASP-induced liver and kidney injury as indicated by improving all the parameters previously illustrated. Histopathological results confirm the biochemical finding and the ameliorating effect of LY on liver toxicities. In conclusion, co-treatment of LY possessed different protective mechanisms against ASP-induced liver toxicity. So, the intake of ASP should be restricted and taken with LY when it is used in food or beverages to decrease its toxicity.

Keywords


Antioxidant, Aspartame, Hepatic, Histological, Lycopene, Oxidative.

References





DOI: https://doi.org/10.22506/ti%2F2017%2Fv24%2Fi2%2F162423