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Selvaraj, Thangavel
- Assessment of Post-harvest Losses of Ware Potatoes ( Solanum Tuberosum L.) in Chelia and Jeldu Districts of West Shewa, Ethiopia
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PDF Views:1479
Authors
Affiliations
1 Department of Plant Sciences and Horticulture, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Sciences, Ambo University, Ambo, ET
2 Department of Plant Sciences and Horticulture, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Sciences, Ambo University, Ambo, SE
3 Divisions of Transport and Logistics, Department of Energy and Technology, Swedish University of Agric Sciences, SLU, Box7032:750 07 Uppsala
1 Department of Plant Sciences and Horticulture, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Sciences, Ambo University, Ambo, ET
2 Department of Plant Sciences and Horticulture, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Sciences, Ambo University, Ambo, SE
3 Divisions of Transport and Logistics, Department of Energy and Technology, Swedish University of Agric Sciences, SLU, Box7032:750 07 Uppsala
Source
ScieXplore: International Journal of Research in Science, Vol 1, No 1 (2014), Pagination: 16-29Abstract
Potato is one of the most important food and cash crops in Ethiopia, mostly grown in the Central, Southern and North- Western and Eastern highlands of Ethiopia that accounts for about 83% of the potato production in the country. In Ethiopia, post-harvest losses of horticultural crops may be estimated for about 15 to 70% at various stages. Potato is a semi-perishable commodity and storage of both seed and ware potatoes, which is problematic for most farmers, as storage losses can reach 50% and sometimes higher. These losses are also occurred during harvesting, sorting and cleaning, handling and packing, transportation, storage, distribution or marketing and processing in Ethiopia. Therefore, the present study was undertaken to identify the factors responsible and potential losses occurred in the supply and marketing chain of ware potatoes production in Chelia and Jeldu districts of West Shewa Zone, Ethiopia. As the survey results indicates that the post-harvest losses of potato at household (2.5% and 3.79%), transportation (3.83% and 3.98%), sorting loss (5.31% and 4.92%), storage loss (6.07% and 10.08%), restaurant loss (6.88% and 7.14%), retailer loss (8.02% and 7.16%), harvesting loss (13.81% and 10.77%), wholesaler loss (18.65% and 14.78%), and marketing loss (19.41% and 22.21%) in Chelia and Jeldu districts, respectively. Those post-harvest losses of ware potatoes occurred due to infectious diseases and insect pests which mainly initiated due to improper harvesting and handling of potatoes. The collected samples from both districts, the fungal and bacterial pathogens were isolated and identified from infected potato tubers. The fungal and bacterial pathogens were identified into Fusarium solani, F. oxysporum, Penicillium notatum, P. digitatum, Aspergillus flavus, Alternaria solani, Bacillus pumilus, Ralstonia solanacearum, Erwinia caratovora, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Streptomyces scabies. The insect pests associated with potato tubers were also identified into cut worms and red ants. In order to reduce this all above losses, mechanical harvester should be introduced for proper harvesting of potatoes, so this technology, the harvester should be afforded for the producers by Government within their financial capacity and reduce the harvesting loss. The awareness of the farmers should be also increased, by providing adequate training, so they can produce proper operation during harvesting, transportation, storage and distribution to avoid the contamination of the tubers by bacterial and fungal pathogens.Keywords
Post-harvest Insect Pests, Post-harvest Diseases, Post-harvest Loss, Ware PotatoFull Text
- Assessment of Disease Intensity and Evaluation of Enset Clones against Bacterial Wilt (Xanthomonas campestris pv. Musacearum) in Tikur Inchini and Jibat Districts of West Shewa, Ethiopia
Abstract Views :756 |
PDF Views:1011
Authors
Affiliations
1 Department of Bacteriology, Bacteriology Case Team Process Owner, Ambo Plant Protection Research Center, Ambo, ET
2 Department of Plant Sciences, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Sciences, Ambo University, Ambo, Post Box No-19, ET
1 Department of Bacteriology, Bacteriology Case Team Process Owner, Ambo Plant Protection Research Center, Ambo, ET
2 Department of Plant Sciences, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Sciences, Ambo University, Ambo, Post Box No-19, ET
Source
ScieXplore: International Journal of Research in Science, Vol 1, No 2 (2014), Pagination: 83-97Abstract
Enset (Ensete ventricosum Welw. Cheesman) is an important staple food crops in Ethiopia, which is widely cultivated in Southern and South western parts of the country. However, its production has been threatened by one of the devastating bacterial disease caused by Xanthomonas campestris pv. musacearum (Xcm) in enset cultivated areas of the country. The management of Enset Bacterial Wilt (EBW) is important to maximize the crop's yield. Therefore, the present investigation is to determine the disease intensity (prevalence and incidence) of EBW in enset growing areas of Tikur Inchini and Jibat districts of West Shewa, Ethiopia and to evaluate the field grown enset clones for resistance/tolerance to EBW using pot culture condition. Field survey of EBW disease was carried out in the main growing season during September-November, 2012. The disease assessment was made in the enset cultivated fields of selected localities in both districts. The EBW infection was recorded in different levels in both districts. A total of 75 enset cultivated fields were assessed from Tikur Inchini district, of which, 67 fields were affected with different levels of EBW disease prevalence (89.3%). The highest incidence (27%) of EBW was recorded in Waldo Hindhe locality and the lowest incidence was recorded in Homi Hane locality (14 %). From Jibat district, a total of 75 enset cultivated fields were assessed, of which, 65 fields were affected with different levels of disease prevalence (86.7%). The incidence of EBW was recorded highest in Munyo Abayi locality (25%) and the lowest incidence was recorded in Munyo Witate locality (14%). This data indicated that the disease was widely distributed with a very destructive incidence in survey areas of Tikur Inchini and Jibat districts. To evaluate the field grown enset clones for resistance/tolerance to Xcm, twenty number of enset clones collected from both the districts were assessed, using artificial inoculation under pot culture condition. The relative susceptibility of the cultivars to EBW was evaluated three months after inoculation based on wilt incidence. All Xcm inoculated enset clones expanded disease symptoms to different intensity levels after 15 to 30 days inoculation. The varieties of the disease frequency were variable ranging from 19.3 to 100%. Out of the 20 enset clones, only 6 enset clones confirmed a mean infection incidence less than 50 percent. The present investigation displays that the enset genetic copies fluctuate enset bacterial wilt by their reaction. After 30 days of introduction of inoculation, the enset clones 'Warke Bidu', 'Awenyi', and 'Kekar' showed 100 % disease symptoms. The disease symptom was detected from 'Meziya', 'Hiniba', 'Bedadet' and Warke Dima between 21 and 30 days successive inoculation. The remaining enset clones were relatively resistant/tolerant after inoculation of Xcm. Among all, 'Meziya' was found to have the lowest percentage of disease incidence (19.31%) followed by 'Hiniba' (30.18%) and 'Bedadet' (34.26%). Based on the results, none of the enset clones had resistance to Xcm. The results indicated that the enset clones, 'Meziya', 'Hiniba', 'Bedadet' and 'Warke Dima' have exhibited better resistant/tolerant clones to the bacterial wilt, under artificial inoculation conditions and these enset clones should be considered as most tolerant/resistant clones to the pathogen which could be used as a bacterial wilt management component. The results of the study indicated that the use of resistant/tolerant enset clones is one of the best approaches in the management of EBW, cheaper to the farmers and safer to environments. Hence, a resistant and tolerant outcome of the enset clones confirmed by the wilt pathogen should be further assessed in contrast to a great number of Xanthomonas campestris pv. musacearum, isolates in field conditions.Keywords
EBW, Ensete ventricosum, Incidence, Resistance, Susceptibility, Xanthomonas campestris pv. musacearum.Full Text
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