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Joel, Juno J.
- Study on Drug Utilization Pattern of Antibiotics in Respiratory Tract Infections
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Authors
Affiliations
1 Department of Pharmacy Practice, NGSM Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Nitte Deemed to be University), Derlakatte, Mangaluru, IN
2 Department of ENT, Justice K.S. Hegde Hospital, Mangaluru, IN
1 Department of Pharmacy Practice, NGSM Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Nitte Deemed to be University), Derlakatte, Mangaluru, IN
2 Department of ENT, Justice K.S. Hegde Hospital, Mangaluru, IN
Source
Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology, Vol 12, No 3 (2019), Pagination: 1189-1192Abstract
Objective: The aim of the study is to analyse the drug utilization pattern of antibiotics in patients with respiratory tract infections (RTIs). Methods: A prospective observational study was conducted for a period of 8 months. The prescriptions were followed on daily basis and the prescribing frequency of various antibiotics were categorized and documented. As per the WHO-ATC system the consumption of antibiotics was determined by DDD/100 bed days. Results: Out of 136 patients, 70(51.5%) were males and 66 (48.5%) were females. Majority of patients were in the age group of 18-29 years. The most common RTIs among the patients was found to be otitis media (61%), followed by sinusitis (14.7%). Majority of the patients were prescribed with cephalosporin which includes ceftriaxone (52.2%) and cefixime (37.5%). Pseudomonas aeroginosa and staphylococcus were the most isolated organisms. Pseudomonas aeroginosa shows maximum sensitivity to ciprofloxacin, ceftazidime and staphylococcus aureus towards gentamicin and erythromycin. Conclusion: Otitis media and sinusitis were the commonly found respiratory infections and are frequently managed by cephalosporins. The study also established the consumption of various antibiotics used in the management of respiratory tract infections.Keywords
Antibiotic, Respiratory Tract Infections, Drug Utilization.
References
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- Drug Prescription Pattern in Paediatric Respiratory Tract Infections
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Authors
Anaghya V. Naik
1,
Hebsiba Joseph
1,
Nidhina Mathew
1,
Sumanth Shetty
2,
K. S. Rajesh
1,
K. C. Bharath Raj
1,
Juno J. Joel
1,
M. P. Gururaj
3,
U. P. Nandakumar
1
Affiliations
1 Department of Pharmacy Practice, NGSM Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nitte (Deemed to be University), Mangaluru, IN
2 Department of Paediatric, K S Hegde charitable Hospital, Nitte (Deemed to be University), Mangaluru, IN
3 Department of Pharmacology, NGSM Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nitte (Deemed to be University), Mangaluru, IN
1 Department of Pharmacy Practice, NGSM Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nitte (Deemed to be University), Mangaluru, IN
2 Department of Paediatric, K S Hegde charitable Hospital, Nitte (Deemed to be University), Mangaluru, IN
3 Department of Pharmacology, NGSM Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nitte (Deemed to be University), Mangaluru, IN
Source
Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology, Vol 12, No 3 (2019), Pagination: 1280-1284Abstract
Objective: To develop baseline data on drug prescribing pattern and evaluate the rationality of prevalent prescribing practices using WHO core indicators. Methodology: A prospective observational study was carried out for a period of 6 months in the paediatric population having respiratory tract infections. Results: A total of 211 prescriptions were analysed in the study, in which, 124(58.8%) patients were male and 87(41.2%) were female. Paediatric population of the age group 1-3 years were more prone to respiratory tract infections and common disease diagnosed was unspecified lower respiratory tract infection. A total of 885 drugs were prescribed and most commonly prescribed drug was found to be paracetamol-143(67.8%), followed by salbutamol-128 (60.66%), amoxicillin+ clauvalanic acid-93 (44.1%) and budesonide-77 (36.5%). 261(29.49%) oral, 224(25.31%) inhalations, 231(26.1%) injectables were prescribed. 158 fixed dose combination were prescribed. Drugs per prescription was found to be 4.1. 14.01% drugs were prescribed with generic names and 77.4% were prescribed from WHO model list of essential drugs. Percentage of antibiotic prescribed was 93% and injection was 84.36%. The consultation time taken by physician raged between 8-12 minutes and time taken by pharmacist to dispense drugs was 6-14 minutes. Conclusion: The present study was conducted to analyse the rational prescribing of drugs in the paediatric department of a tertiary care hospital using WHO core indicators. Males were more prone to respiratory tract infections and amoxicillin+ clavulanic acid was the most prescribed antibiotic and paracetamol was the most commonly prescribed drug. The study highlights few limitations focusing on the facility indicators due to lack of EDL, hospital formulary or standard guidelines and therefore consideration for better patient care and increased quality of life needs to be monitored. Review on prescribing and dispensing of drugs needs to be done regularly.Keywords
WHO Core Indicators, Prescription Pattern, Respiratory Tract Infection, Antibiotic, Generic Drugs.References
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- Al-Balushi K A, Sawafi F, Ghafri F, ZakwaniL. Drug utilization pattern in an Omani paediatric population. JBCP. 2013; 4(3):68-72.
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- Ghosh A, Das A K, Gure P K, Pati S. An observational study of drugs in URTI in a tertiary care hospital in Kolkata. Asian J Pharm Clin Res. 2015; 8(4):37-40.
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- A Prospective Observational Study on Adverse Drug Reactions in General Medicine Department of a Tertiary Care Teaching Hospital
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Authors
N. M. Rayees
1,
Sampath Kumar
2,
K. C. Bharath Raj
1,
K. S. Rajesh
1,
Juno J. Joel
1,
K. Prasanna Shama
3,
M. P. Gururaja
3,
U. P. Nandakumar
1
Affiliations
1 Department of Pharmacy Practice, NITTE (Deemed to be University), Mangaluru- 575018 Karnataka, IN
2 Department of General Medicine, NITTE (Deemed to be University), Mangaluru- 575018 Karnataka, IN
3 Department of Pharmacology, NITTE (Deemed to be University), Mangaluru- 575018 Karnataka, IN
1 Department of Pharmacy Practice, NITTE (Deemed to be University), Mangaluru- 575018 Karnataka, IN
2 Department of General Medicine, NITTE (Deemed to be University), Mangaluru- 575018 Karnataka, IN
3 Department of Pharmacology, NITTE (Deemed to be University), Mangaluru- 575018 Karnataka, IN
Source
Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology, Vol 12, No 5 (2019), Pagination: 2289-2298Abstract
Present study was carried out to estimate the incidence of ADRs reported in general medicine department, to evaluate the causality, severity and preventability of ADRs caused by any drugs. A prospective observational study was carried out for a period of 8 months. Patients admitted during the study period were included as per the study criteria and monitored for ADRs. The clinical system, spectrum of ADRs noted and assessment of ADRs was done by causality, preventability and severity. The different scales are applied for assessment of causality, severity and preventability. Data was analysed by using descriptive statistics. A total number of 270 patients were included. 55 ADRs were observed in 52 patients. Higher incidence of suspected ADRs were exhibited with the age group of 61-70 years. The hospital stay extended for more than nine days in 32 (61.5%) patients who experienced ADR. The causality assessment by WHO Probability Scale, showed that out of 55 ADRs, majority were probable 38 (69.09%), whereas 11 (22%) reactions were possible and 6 (10.91%) reactions were certain. Based on Naranjo’s scale, 29 (52.73%) reactions were probable and 26 (47.27%) reactions were possible. Majority of 29 (53%) reactions were moderate in severity. Proper monitoring of adverse reactions is useful to minimize the incidence of ADRs and prevent further occurrence of the same. The regular monitoring of ADRs can reduce the morbidity and can improve the patients compliance which in turn can produce better therapeutic outcome.Keywords
Adverse Drug Reaction, Causality, Severity, Preventability, Naranjo’s Scale.References
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- Evaluation of Adverse Drug Reactions and their Management in Psychiatric in-Patients
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Authors
Affiliations
1 Department of Pharmacy Practice, NGSM Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nitte (Deemed to be University), Mangalore, Karnataka- 575018, IN
2 Department of Psychiatry, Justice K.S. Hegde Charitable Hospital, Mangalore, Karnataka- 575018, IN
1 Department of Pharmacy Practice, NGSM Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nitte (Deemed to be University), Mangalore, Karnataka- 575018, IN
2 Department of Psychiatry, Justice K.S. Hegde Charitable Hospital, Mangalore, Karnataka- 575018, IN
Source
Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology, Vol 12, No 7 (2019), Pagination: 3455-3461Abstract
Objective: To identify the adverse drug reactions caused by psychotropic drugs and to evaluate the causality, severity, preventability and management of those Adverse Drug Reactions (ADRs). Methods: A prospective observational study was carried out in hospitalised patients with psychiatric disorders. All the in-patients prescribed with psychotropic drugs were enrolled in the study and followed regularly for the identification of ADRs. Identified ADRs were assessed for causality, severity and preventability using various scales. Approaches towards the management of the ADRs and the patient outcomes were analysed. Results: A total of 200 patients were monitored, of which 79 ADRs were identified from 56 patients. The most commonly reported ADRs were tremor (18.98%) followed by drowsiness (17.72%). Olanzapine was found to be associated with more number of ADRs (29.11%) followed by Clozapine (12.65%). Causality assessment using World Health Organisation- Uppsala Monitoring Centre (WHO-UMC) scale showed that most of the ADRs were probable (62.02%) and possible (37.97%). Severity assessment revealed that 54.42% of ADRs were found to be moderately severe. 48.10% of ADRs were definitely preventable and 44.30% were probably preventable. Assessment on the management of ADRs says that most of them were resolved by specific treatment approach to the reaction. Conclusion: The end results of the study created the evidence on the incidence of ADRs in patients prescribed with psychotropic drugs. The study emphasises on monitoring of those drugs that are considered to have high risk in developing ADRs. Thus, it can influence to a chance of preventing or reducing an unwanted reaction.Keywords
Adverse Drug Reaction, Psychiatry, Psychotropic Drugs.References
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